JP6366305B2 - グラフェンの製造方法 - Google Patents
グラフェンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 170
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 146
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 66
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 208
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 37
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 22
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 and Ge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- MAGZFRRCWFGSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C(=C1C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 MAGZFRRCWFGSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000074 biopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02527—Carbon, e.g. diamond-like carbon
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B1/00—Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
- B82B1/008—Nanostructures not provided for in groups B82B1/001 - B82B1/007
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- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
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- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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Description
前記グラフェンによって全体的または部分的にカプセル化した金属ナノ粒子は、触媒として金属ナノ粒子を多孔性担体上に担持して、前記本発明の態様の方法により前記金属ナノ粒子の表面にグラフェンを生成することによって製造することができる。前記生成されたグラフェンによって部分的または全体的にカプセル化した金属ナノ粒子は、当該技術分野において公知された方法、例えば、エッチングなどの方法で多孔性担体を除去することによって、多孔性担体から分離されてもよい。
製造例1:グラフェン成長用触媒(7重量%Ni/γ−Al2O3)の製造
γ−Al2O3の上に7重量%の含量にて担持されたNi金属触媒からなるグラフェン成長用触媒を製造した。具体的には、アルミナ(150m2/g、アルミナ粒子の直径:〜3mm、α‐アルミナ)をNi(NO3)2・H2O((株)サムジョン化学社製)水溶液に含浸させ、120℃のオーブン中で24時間乾燥した後、500℃且つ空気雰囲気で5時間焼成した。前記焼成された触媒を昇温させながら(10℃/分)窒素雰囲気で還元させ、次いで、850℃の水素雰囲気で1時間保持して7重量%のNi/γ−Al2O3触媒を製造した。反応器を30℃に冷却させ、5mlの蒸溜水を前記触媒に添加した。次いで、昇温させながら(10℃/分)水素雰囲気で水を蒸発させ、850℃に1時間保持した。
7重量%のNi/γ−Al2O3触媒を初期ウェット法により製造した。アルミナ(150m2/g、アルミナ粒子の直径:〜3mm、α‐アルミナ)をNi(NO3)2・H2O((株)サムジョン化学社製)水溶液に含浸させ、120℃のオーブン中で24時間乾燥した後、500℃且つ空気雰囲気で5時間焼成した。前記焼成された触媒を昇温させながら(10℃/分)窒素雰囲気で還元させ、次いで、850℃の水素雰囲気で1時間保持して7重量%のNi/γ−Al2O3触媒を製造した。
Al(NO3)39H20化合物0.1gを水3mlに溶かし、この水溶液をNiフィルムの上に300rpmの速度にてスピンコートした後、これを80℃のオーブン中で600分間加熱して焼成することにより、Niフィルムの上にAlイオンがコーティングされた触媒を製造した。
半導体シリコンウェーハの上にCVD法を用いてNiを300nmの厚さに蒸着してグラフェン成長用触媒を製造した。
製造例1および製造例2に従い製造されたγ−Al2O3の上に7重量%の含量にて担持されたNi金属触媒0.45gに対し、700℃且つ1気圧の窒素(N2)条件下で、CH4、CO2および水(H2O)を約1:0.38:0.81の割合にてそれぞれ200sccm(立方センチメートル毎分)にて投入しながら、約10時間反応を行った(ガス空間速度(GHSV)=50,666kcc/g・hr)。
製造例3に従い製造されたNiフィルムの上にAlイオンがコーティングされた膜に対し、700℃且つ1気圧の窒素(N2)条件で、CH4、CO2および水(H2O)を約1:0.38:0.81の割合にてそれぞれ200sccm(立方センチメートル毎分)の速度にて投入しながら約2時間反応を行った(ガス空間速度(GHSV)=50,666kcc/g・hr)。
製造例4に従い製造された、半導体ウェーハの上にCVD法を用いて300nmの厚さに蒸着したグラフェン成長用触媒(試片)を用いて、700℃且つ1気圧の窒素(N2)条件下で、従来のグラフェン生成条件であるCH4とH2をそれぞれ100ccm:200ccm(立方センチメートル毎分)の速度にて投入しながら30分間反応させてグラフェンを形成した後、これをN2雰囲気で冷却して、前記形成されたグラフェン層とガス上のCH4:CO2:H2Oをそれぞれ100ccm:100ccm:10sccmの割合にて反応させた後、前記表面に対するラマン分析を行った。
Claims (14)
- 金属触媒の上にCO2、CH4およびH2Oを含むガスを提供し、加熱して反応させた後に冷却させるステップを含み、
前記CH 4 、CO 2 およびH 2 Oを含むガスは、1:0.20〜0.50:0.01〜1.45のモル比で提供される、グラフェンの製造方法。 - 前記金属触媒は、Ni、Co、Cu、Fe、Rh、Ru、Pt、Au、Al、Cr、Mg、Mn、Mo、Si、Sn、Ta、Ti、W、U、V、Zr、黄銅、青銅、ステンレス鋼およびGeよりなる群から選ばれるいずれか一種以上の金属、もしくはこれらのうちの二種以上の金属の合金を含むものである請求項1に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 前記CH4、CO2およびH2Oを含むガスは、1:0.25〜0.45:0.10〜1.35のモル比で提供される請求項1または2に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 前記CH4、CO2およびH2Oを含むガスは、1:0.30〜0.40:0.50〜1.0のモル比で提供される請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 前記加熱は、400〜900℃で行われる請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 前記冷却は、不活性ガスの存在下で所定の速度にて行われる請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 前記金属触媒は、Al2O3、SiO2、ゼオライトまたはTiO2である多孔性担体またはシリコンの上に担持されるものである請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 前記金属触媒は、前記多孔性担体の上に複合体状に担持される請求項7に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 前記金属触媒は、フィルム状または基板状に提供され、該フィルム状または基板状の金属触媒上の少なくとも一部に担体が提供される請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 前記フィルム状または基板状の金属触媒は、NiフィルムまたはNi基板である請求項9に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 前記フィルム状または基板状の金属触媒上の少なくとも一部に提供される担体は、Al、Si、またはTiのイオン状のものである請求項9または10に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- グラフェンが1層〜5層の範囲内で製造される請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載のグラフェンの製造方法。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の方法を含むパターン化したグラフェンの製造方法。
- 請求項13に記載のパターン化したグラフェンの製造方法を含む半導体回路の製造方法。
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