JP6350397B2 - 内燃機関の制御装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6350397B2 JP6350397B2 JP2015116857A JP2015116857A JP6350397B2 JP 6350397 B2 JP6350397 B2 JP 6350397B2 JP 2015116857 A JP2015116857 A JP 2015116857A JP 2015116857 A JP2015116857 A JP 2015116857A JP 6350397 B2 JP6350397 B2 JP 6350397B2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 152
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 51
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010789 controlled waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
- F02D41/0052—Feedback control of engine parameters, e.g. for control of air/fuel ratio or intake air amount
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- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
- F02D41/0055—Special engine operating conditions, e.g. for regeneration of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3064—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion with special control during transition between modes
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
- F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
- F02D13/0215—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing the valve timing only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D2041/0265—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to decrease temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0802—Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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- F02D2250/32—Air-fuel ratio control in a diesel engine
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- F02D2250/36—Control for minimising NOx emissions
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- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
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- F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態にかかるシステムの構成を示す図である。本実施の形態にかかるシステムは、自動車に動力装置として搭載される内燃機関(以下、単にエンジンという)2を備える。エンジン2の気筒数および気筒配置は特に限定されない。
制御装置50によって選択されるエンジン2の運転モードには、大別して、ストイキ運転を行うストイキモードと、リーン運転を行うリーンモードとが含まれる。ストイキ運転は、筒内空燃比を理論空燃比に制御して行う運転であり、リーン運転は、筒内空燃比を理論空燃比よりも燃料リーンな空燃比に制御して行う運転である。本実施の形態では、リーンモードは、さらに、EGRガスの再循環を行わず新気のみでリーン運転を行う第1リーンモードと、EGRガスの再循環を行う第2リーンモードとに分けられる。また、本実施の形態では、ストイキモードでもEGRガスの再循環が行われる。以下、ストイキモードをストイキEGRモードと呼び、第1リーンモードをエアリーンモードと呼び、第2リーンモードをリーンEGRモードと呼ぶことにする。
制御装置50は、アクセルポジションセンサ52によって計測されるアクセルペダルの踏み込み量に基づいてドライバのエンジン2に対する要求出力を算出する。そして、要求出力から、目標トルクと目標回転速度とで定義されるエンジン2の目標動作点を決定し、目標動作点が位置する領域に設定された運転モードを選択する。例えば、図2において、細い実線で示す境界線を高トルク側から低トルク側に超えて目標動作点が移動した場合、制御装置50は、運転モードをストイキEGRモードからリーンモード(エアリーンモード或いはリーンEGRモード)に切り替える。逆に、細い実線で示す境界線を低トルク側から高トルク側に超えて目標動作点が移動した場合、制御装置50は、運転モードをリーンモードからストイキEGRモードに切り替える。
4−1.ストイキEGRモードからエアリーンモードへ移行する場合の動作
まず、図4に示すように、エンジン2の目標動作点がストイキEGR域にある状態において、減速要求によって要求出力が減少し、目標動作点がストイキEGR域内の動作点Aからエアリーン域内の動作点Bへ移動した場合のシステムの動作について説明する。なお、変速比或いはギヤ段が固定されている場合、目標動作点は一点鎖線で示すロードロードライン(R/L)に沿って移動する。ロードロードラインは、変速比或いはギヤ段を固定した場合にエンジン2の出力と車両の走行負荷抵抗とが釣り合う動作点を結んだ曲線である。
次に、図7に示すように、エンジン2の目標動作点がストイキEGR域にある状態において、減速要求によって要求出力が減少し、目標動作点がストイキEGR域内の動作点AからリーンEGR域内の動作点Cへ移動した場合のシステムの動作について説明する。
上述の実施の形態では、ストイキEGRモードではEGRバルブの開度を最大にしてEGR率を最大に制御しているが、ストイキEGRモードの設定EGR率は最大EGR率よりも低く設定されていてもよい。また、過渡制御のEGR率はストイキEGRモードの設定EGR率と同じである必要はなく、リーンモードの設定EGR率よりも高ければよい。
5 燃焼室
6 吸気ポート
20 ポート噴射弁
22 筒内噴射弁
30 吸気通路
32 排気通路
50 制御装置
60 排気浄化装置
62 スタート触媒(SC)
64 NOx吸蔵還元型触媒(NSR)
66 選択還元型触媒(SCR)
80 EGR装置
82 EGR通路
84 EGRクーラ
86 EGRバルブ
Claims (3)
- 排気通路に配置された選択還元型触媒と、前記排気通路の前記選択還元型触媒よりも上流に配置されたNOx吸蔵還元型触媒と、前記排気通路から吸気通路にEGRガスを再循環させるEGR装置とを備える内燃機関の制御装置において、
前記制御装置により選択される前記内燃機関の運転モードには、
筒内空燃比を理論空燃比に制御して運転するストイキモードと、
筒内空燃比を理論空燃比よりも燃料リーンな空燃比に制御して運転するリーンモードと、が含まれ、
前記制御装置は、
前記運転モードが前記ストイキモードから前記リーンモードへ切り替わる間に、理論空燃比に対して過剰な燃料を供給するリッチスパイクを実行する第1の制御手段と、
前記ストイキモードからの切り替え時の前記選択還元型触媒の温度が上限温度以上の場合、前記リッチスパイクの実行後、吸気に占めるEGRガスの割合であるEGR率を前記リーンモードにおけるEGR率よりも高くし、筒内空燃比を理論空燃比よりも燃料リーンな空燃比であって前記リーンモードの空燃比よりも燃料リッチな空燃比にする過渡制御を実行してから、前記リーンモードに切り替える第2の制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記第2の制御手段は、前記選択還元型触媒の温度が前記上限温度よりも低くなるまで、前記過渡制御を実行することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記第2の制御手段は、前記過渡制御において、EGR率が最大になるように前記EGR装置を操作することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
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