JP6340677B2 - 入浴剤 - Google Patents
入浴剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6340677B2 JP6340677B2 JP2013164610A JP2013164610A JP6340677B2 JP 6340677 B2 JP6340677 B2 JP 6340677B2 JP 2013164610 A JP2013164610 A JP 2013164610A JP 2013164610 A JP2013164610 A JP 2013164610A JP 6340677 B2 JP6340677 B2 JP 6340677B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- skin
- oil
- agent
- bath
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
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Description
流動パラフィン、スクワラン等の炭化水素系油剤;オクタン酸セチル、アジピン酸イソプロピル、パルミチン酸イソプロピル、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル等のエステル系油剤;米胚芽油、オリーブ油、ホホバ油、大豆油、アーモンド油、ヒノキ油、桂皮油、ひまし油、ヤシ油、ラベンダー油、ユーカリ油、ローズ油、セージ油等の植物油が含まれ、少なくとも1種以上の炭化水素系の液状油を含むことが好ましい。なお、上記油性成分は、1種又は2種以上を組み合わせてもよい。
0.5質量%ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース誘導体及び3質量%ペンタンジオールの溶液と、1質量%カルボキシビニルポリマー溶液から重縮合ポリマー粒子の分散液を調製した。この分散液に、マカデミアナッツ脂肪酸フィトステリル、スクワラン及びミリスチン酸オクチルドデシルを添加し、撹拌し、その後、フェノキシエタノール及び1%NaOH溶液を加えて、入浴剤を調製した。なお、この入浴剤を原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)で観察したところ、8nm以上500nm以下の平均粒子径を示す粒子群が存在し、油相と水相との間に介在することが確認された。
0.5質量%ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース誘導体及び3質量%ペンタンジオールと、1質量%カルボキシビニルポリマー溶液とを分散させた後、マカデミアナッツ脂肪酸フィトステリル、スクワラン及びミリスチン酸オクチルドデシルを添加し、撹拌し、その後、フェノキシエタノール及び1%NaOH溶液を加えて、入浴剤を調製した。なお、この入浴剤を原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)で観察したところ、8nm以上500nm以下の平均粒子径を示す粒子群は存在しなかった。
実施例1及び比較例1の入浴剤0.8mLを、8Lのぬるま湯(37±2℃)に溶解した。両腕の前腕部を水洗した被験者(女性3名、男性2名)に、一方の腕を実施例、他方の腕を比較例の入浴剤を溶解した湯に、5分間に亘って浸し、その後、両腕を湯から出し、タオルドライした。その後、被験者は、水洗した後の指先で前腕部を触り、使用感、肌のなめらか感及び肌のすべすべ感について、5段階で評価した。また、上記湯における入浴剤の溶解状態、並びに翌日まで放置した後の湯における汚れ及び油浮きについても、5段階で上記被験者が評価した。なお、点数は、2:(良い)、1(やや良い)、0(どちらとも言えない)、−1(やや悪い)、−2(悪い)である。
0.5質量%ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース誘導体及び3質量%ペンタンジオールの溶液から重縮合ポリマー粒子の分散液を調製した。この分散液に、「マーコールN72」(炭化水素系溶媒)と米胚芽油を添加し、撹拌して、入浴剤を調製した。なお、この入浴剤を原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)で観察したところ、8nm以上500nm以下の平均粒子径を示す粒子群が存在し、油相と水相との間に介在することが確認された。
0.5質量%ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース誘導体及び3質量%ペンタンジオールの溶液に代わりに、従来の界面活性剤であるジイソステアリン酸ポリエチレングリコール、トリイソステアリン酸ポリオキシエチレングリセリル及びペンタンジオールを用いた点を除き、実施例2と同様の手順で入浴剤を調製した。なお、この入浴剤を原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)で観察したところ、8nm以上500nm以下の平均粒子径を示す粒子群は存在しなかった。
実施例1における評価と同様の手順で、被験者(女性4名、男性2名)に、使用者に与える肌のなめらか感、肌のすべすべ感及び肌の保湿感について評価を行った結果を、表8及び9に示す。また、各項目について、実施例と比較例のいずれが優れていたかについて、被験者が評価した結果を、表10に示す。
評価1にて実施例1が保湿感に優れたことから、この現象を一般化するべく角質水分量と温浴効果増強の根拠として皮膚血流量の測定にて評価した。具体的には、以下の手順により、被験者の角層水分量を、前腕部について、「SKICON−200EX」(IBS社)を用いて測定し、皮膚血流量を、手の中指について、「PeriScan PIM−3」(PeriMed社)を用いて測定した。
自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質として、ジラウロイルグルタミン酸リシンNa(実施例3)、又はレシチン(実施例4)を用い、閉鎖小胞体の分散液を調製し、表13に示す処方の通りに、入浴剤を調製した。また、界面活性剤であるポリオキシエチレンヤシ油脂肪酸ソルビタン(20E.O.)を用い、分散液を調製し、表13に示す処方の通りに、入浴剤を調製した(比較例3)。更に、実施例4と同様に、レシチンを用い、閉鎖小胞体を形成せずに分散液を調製し、表13に示す処方の通りに、入浴剤を調製した(比較例4)。なお、以下の評価3を行うために、基準として水のみからなるさら湯を対照として併せて準備した。
評価2にて、実施例1が保温効果に優れたことから、この現象を血管構造からみて気化熱による皮膚温低下の影響が小さい下肢における皮膚温測定にて評価した。まず、お湯13Lに対して、実施例3、4、比較例3、4、対照の入浴剤をそれぞれ3.9ml配合した。入浴剤毎に被験者を準備し、それぞれの入浴剤を溶かしたお湯(温度:40℃、湯量13L)に、被験者の下肢部(ひざ下〜足先まで)を5分間浸した。タオルドライで下肢部を乾かした後、各被験者を測定室で安静に過ごさせ、それぞれの表面温度を経時的に測定した。測定は、足浴の終了時から1分後、3分後、5分後、10分後、20分後に行った。その際の各被験者のすね部分の表面温度の平均温度を表14及び図3、その平均温度の変化比を表15及び図4に示す。なお、被験者は、健常成人女性とした。また、表15中の数値は、足浴前の温度に対する、足浴終了時から1分後、3分後、5分後、10分後、20分後の各温度の比を示す。
自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質として、ジラウロイルグルタミン酸リシンNa(実施例5)、ジステアリン酸デカグリセリル(実施例6)を用い、閉鎖小胞体の分散液を調製し、表16に示す処方の通りに、入浴剤を調製した。水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーとして、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース誘導体を用い、その粒子の分散液を調製し、表16に示す処方の通りに入浴剤を調製した(実施例7)。実施例6と同様に、ジステアリン酸デカグリセリルを用い、閉鎖小胞体を形成せずに分散液を調製し、表16に示す処方の通りに、入浴剤を調製した(比較例5)。実施例7と同様に、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース誘導体を用い、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース誘導体を粒子化せずに分散液を調製し、表16に示す処方の通りに、入浴剤を調製した(比較例6)。更に、界面活性剤であるポリオキシエチレンヤシ油脂肪酸ソルビタン(20E.O.)を用い、分散液を調製し、表16に示す処方の通りに、入浴剤を調製した(比較例7)。なお、以下の評価4〜7を行うために、乳化剤を含まない入浴剤を対照として併せて準備した。
評価1〜3では、実使用における保湿、保温、温浴効果を実施例にて確認した。これらの効果は入浴剤の皮膚への吸着性が根拠の一つと考えられる。肌への吸着性を評価するために、実施例5〜7、比較例5〜7、対照の入浴剤と、肌を想定してケラチンパウダーとを用い、以下の手順により、各入浴剤の吸着性について評価した。まず、実施例5〜7、比較例5〜7、対照の入浴剤をそれぞれ5質量%の水溶液に調製した。各水溶液を30gずつ用い、ケラチンパウダー0.1gを加えたものと加えないものを準備した。30分後、各水溶液を10倍希釈して各水溶液の上澄の濁度(OD600:波長600nmの光で検出した濁度)を測定した。その測定値から、ケラチンパウダーを加えた各水溶液と、ケラチンパウダーを加えていない各水溶液との濁度の差を算出した。その結果を表17及び図5に示す。なお、表17中の「吸着性の評価」の項目における数値及び図5の縦軸の数値は、ケラチンパウダーを加えた各水溶液と、ケラチンパウダーを加えていない各水溶液との濁度(OD600)の差を示す。また、表17中の「吸着性の評価」の項目における+は、吸着性があることを示し、−はケラチンからのアミノ酸等のケラチン構成物質の溶出又は分解があったものと推察されることを示す。
人体でのタンパク変性は、皮膚の障害(肌荒れ、湿疹等)を引き起こす一因である。そこで、人体を卵白に置き換え、実施例5〜7、比較例5〜7の入浴剤が卵白中のタンパク質に及ぼす作用を調査し、人体への刺激性を予測するために、以下の手順でタンパク質変性評価試験(刺激性の予測)を行った。まず、実施例5〜7、比較例5〜7、対照の入浴剤をそれぞれ5質量%水溶液とし、各水溶液5gと、卵白5gとを混合し、室温で1時間保持した。その後、2000gで10分間遠心分離し、生じた固形物質の内、処方中の油分を上方に、変性タンパク質量を、下方沈殿として分離し、沈殿度合いを遠沈管中の沈殿の短・長辺の目視確認にて数値化し、対照を基準に算出した。その結果を表17及び図6に示す。なお、表17中の「刺激性の予測」の項目における数値と、図6の縦軸の数値は、遠沈管中の沈殿を取り出し、高さを一定として平面状に広げた際の短辺(mm)と長辺(mm)との積(mm2)、つまり、沈殿の体積に比例する数値であり、沈殿の量を表す。
入浴剤の皮膚への保湿持続性は、入浴剤の皮膚への親和性、すなわち、肌なじみの結果もたらされると考えられる。以下の手順で実施例5、6、比較例7の入浴剤の皮膚への保湿性、親和性及び保湿持続性を角質状態(保水され膨潤した状態や油剤が補給されたことによるツヤの状態)から目視評価した。まず、実施例5、6、比較例7の入浴剤をそれぞれ5質量%水溶液に調製した。各水溶液800μlを4cm四方のコットンに含ませ、被験者の前腕内側に貼付した。貼付してから20分経過後、コットンを剥離し、剥離直後及び剥離後30分後における貼付部の角質を観察し、官能評価を行った。観察は、マイクロスコープ175倍の拡大観察を用いて行い、肌のキメの状態から保湿性、親和性及び保湿持続性を推察した。その結果を表17に示す。
(吸着性の評価)
+++ : 基準(対照)より非常に優れている
++ : 基準(対照)より優れている
+ : 基準(対照)よりやや優れている
± : 基準(対照)と同等である
− : 基準(対照)よりやや劣っている
−− : 基準(対照)より劣っている
−−− : 基準(対照)より非常に劣っている
(刺激性の予測)
+ : 基準(対照)より刺激性が強い
± : 基準(対照)と刺激性が同程度である
− : 基準(対照)より刺激性が弱い
(皮膚への保湿性及び親和性)
++++ : 保湿性があり、親和性もある
+++ : 保湿性があり、やや親和性もある
++ : 保湿性があるが、親和性がない
+ : やや保湿性があるが、親和性がない
± : 保湿性がなく、親和性もない
上記評価6において、皮膚を観察する際に、角質の目視観察及び官能評価によって、各入浴剤の皮膚への安全性評価を行った。その結果を表17に示す。
Claims (3)
- 自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体が水相と油相との界面に介在したO/W型エマルションの入浴剤(ただし、木酢液又はその精製液を含む場合と、多価アルコール、水溶性(メタ)アクリル酸重合体、水溶性(メタ)アクリル酸−(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体、及び塩基性物質を含む場合と、を除く)。
- 水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマー粒子が水相と油相との界面に介在したO/W型エマルションの入浴剤(ただし、前記重縮合ポリマー粒子が、グルコース、グルクロン酸、ラムノースの内、少なくとも1種を構成単糖とし、フコースおよび/又はラムノースあるいはマンノースおよび/又はグルクロン酸を側鎖に含んでいる多糖類であり、かつ、多価アルコール、水溶性(メタ)アクリル酸重合体、水溶性(メタ)アクリル酸−(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体、及び塩基性物質を含む場合を除く)。
- ジラウロイルグルタミン酸リシンNaもしくはジステアリン酸デカグリセリルにより形成された閉鎖小胞体、またはヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース誘導体の重縮合ポリマー粒子が水相と油相との界面に介在したO/W型エマルションの入浴剤。
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