JP6792822B2 - 乳化組成物、製品、有機溶媒の含有量を低減させる方法、及び乳化剤の選択方法 - Google Patents
乳化組成物、製品、有機溶媒の含有量を低減させる方法、及び乳化剤の選択方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6792822B2 JP6792822B2 JP2016253170A JP2016253170A JP6792822B2 JP 6792822 B2 JP6792822 B2 JP 6792822B2 JP 2016253170 A JP2016253170 A JP 2016253170A JP 2016253170 A JP2016253170 A JP 2016253170A JP 6792822 B2 JP6792822 B2 JP 6792822B2
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Description
組成物中の前記油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比が、25以下(0を含む)である、乳化組成物。
前記油は、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド又はドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルのいずれの界面活性剤によっても乳化不可能な油であり、
組成物中の前記油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比が、25以下(0を含む)である、乳化組成物。
前記組成物中における前記油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比を低減させる方法。
その結果に基づいて、該油に対する乳化剤として自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーを選択する方法。
本発明の乳化組成物は、水相と、以下の数式(1)及び(2)の条件を満たす油、を含む油相と、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体及び/又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーの粒子とを含有し、組成物中の油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比が、25以下(0を含む)である。また、以下の数式(1)中、γ0は、水と油との25℃における界面張力を意味し、以下の数式(1)及び(2)中、γcmcは、界面活性剤としてラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド又はドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルを臨界ミセル濃度以上の量で含む界面活性剤水溶液と油との25℃における界面張力を意味する。
本発明の油相は、数式(1)及び(2)の条件を満たす油、又は、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド、もしくはドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルにより乳化ができない油を含む。
本発明は、上記の乳化組成物を備える、製品を包含する。
本発明は、水相と、以下の数式(1)及び(2)の条件を満たす油、を含む油相とを含む組成物を、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体及び/又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーの粒子により乳化することによって、組成物中における油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比を低減させる方法を包含する。
本発明は、油について以下の数式(1)及び(2)の条件を満たすか否かを測定し、その結果に基づいて、該油に対する乳化剤として自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーを選択する方法を包含する。
忌避剤の有効成分としてのN,N−ジエチル−3−メチルベンズアミド(DEET)、界面活性剤、水を混合し、比較例1〜11に係る組成物を調製した。界面活性剤はアニオン界面活性剤であるラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(Sodium Dodecylsulfate:SDS、和光純薬工業社製)、カチオン界面活性剤であるセチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド(Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride:CTAC、Aldrivh Chem.Comp製)、又は非イオン界面活性剤であるドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(Dodecaoxyethylenelaurylether C12H25(EO)12、EMALEX #712(MW;710)、日本エマルション株式会社製)を用いた。調製したそれぞれの組成物について、乳化状態の観察を行った。表1〜3に、各成分の処方及び観察結果を示す。表1は、アニオン界面活性剤のラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)、表2は、カチオン界面活性剤のセチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド(CTAC)、表3は、非イオン界面活性剤のポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(C12(EO)12)を用いた際の処方及び観察結果を示す。なお、SDSのCMC(臨界ミセル濃度)は、8.2×10−3mol/L=0.236wt%であり、CTACのCMCは1.2×10−3mol/L=0.0458wt%であり、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルのCMCは3.2×10−4mol/L=0.0227wt%である。
三相乳化粒子の分散液として、0.1質量%ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースステアロキシエーテルの粒子の分散液、5質量%ジステアリン酸ポリグリセリルの閉鎖小胞体の分散液、2.0%ポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油の誘導体(HCO−40)の閉鎖小胞体の分散液、0.1質量%ヒドロキシエチルセルロースの粒子の分散液をそれぞれ調製した。これら分散液に対して、DEET、水を加えて攪拌し、O/W型エマルションの実施例1〜6に係る乳化組成物を作製した。実施例1については、0.1質量%ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースステアロキシエーテルの粒子の分散液を用いて作成したが各成分の配合量を変更したものを3つ(実施例1−a、実施例1−b、実施例1−c)作製した。実施例5においては、2.0%ポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油の誘導体(HCO−40)の閉鎖小胞体の分散液と、0.1質量%ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースステアロキシエーテルの粒子の分散液とを併用した。実施例6においては、2.0%ポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油の誘導体(HCO−40)の閉鎖小胞体の分散液と、0.1質量%ヒドロキシエチルセルロースの粒子の分散液とを併用した。また、対象例1として、エタノールにDEETを溶解し、水と混合したものを対照例1に係る乳化組成物として作製した。これらの処方と、乳化結果及び乳化安定性を表4に示す。表4中、「乳化結果」の項目のうち、油水分離したものを「×」で示し、油水分離せずに安定に乳化できたものを「○」で示す。表4中、「乳化安定性」の項目のうち、乳化状態の保持時間が長かったものを「○」で示し、乳化状態の保持時間が特に長かったものを「◎」で示す。
三相乳化粒子の分散液として、2質量%DEAE(ヒドロキシエチル−ジアルカノイルメチル−アンモニウム メチルサルフェート)の閉鎖小胞体の分散液、2.0質量%ポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油の誘導体(HCO−40)の閉鎖小胞体の分散液、0.1質量%ヒドロキシエチルセルロースの重縮合ポリマー粒子の分散液をそれぞれ調製した。これら分散液に対して、DEET、水を加えて攪拌し、O/W型エマルションの実施例7〜9に係る乳化組成物を調製した。また、三相乳化粒子を含まない水を用いて、対照例2に係る乳化組成物を調製した。この際、油の量を、組成物全体の質量に対して50質量%とした。実施例7〜9に係る乳化組成物について、乳化状態を観察した。また、各組成物のDEETと三相乳化粒子液との界面張力、三相乳化粒子液の表面張力も測定した。表5に、各三相乳化粒子の量、界面張力、表面張力及び乳化性の評価を示す。
上記のように、DEETをラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド及びドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルにより乳化できないことについて、解析を行った。まず、Gibbs式を用いて、界面活性剤の油水界面における濃度は、下記の(3)の式により表すことができる。
(界面活性剤種)
・ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)、アニオン性界面活性剤
・ドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(C12EO12)、非イオン界面活性剤
・ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド(CTAC)、カチオン性界面活性剤
・調製時の温度:25.0℃
・各界面活性剤水溶液濃度:3.0wt%
・乳化判断対象の組成物の組成:油50.0wt%、上記各界面活性剤水溶液50.0wt%(ただし、表6に示す油のうち、ハロキシホップメチル(※除草剤)、アレスリン、50%フルアジナム/酢酸エチル(※殺菌剤)、及びIcaridin(※忌避剤)は、、乳化判断対象の組成物の組成が、油:濃度30.0wt%、各界面活性剤の水溶液:70.0wt%となるように調製)
・乳化判断対象の組成物の調製時の攪拌条件:6000rpm,5分間(撹拝機 型番IKA T25(IKA社製))
・乳化の可否判定(目視)2人以上の合意により行い、調製後、25℃で、3日〜5日間静置後油相分離又は油滴浮上の有無の確認
界面張力の測定は協和界面株式会社製の測定機DropMaster 700を用いて懸適法で25℃で測定した。測定時には、CCDカメラで懸滴の外形を映像化し、その形から所定式にしたがって、界面張力を自動的に換算して数値化した。
実施例6に係る乳化組成物を原液として、これを耐圧ガラス瓶に収容し、次いで、原液に対して、窒素ガスを0.8MPaとなるように充填し、エアゾール化し、実施例10に係る忌避剤を作製した。原液として、DEET10g、エタノール40g、水50gの合計100gの組成物を用いた点以外は実施例10と同様の手順で、比較例12に係る忌避剤を作製した。
まず、ろ紙(QUALITATIVE ITEM1 600mm×600mm)を1/4に切り、300mm×300mmのサイズにした。次いで、垂直に立たせたアルミ板に、上記ろ紙をクリップで固定した。固定後、アルミ板を天秤の上に置き、0点補正を行った。
まず、各々の忌避剤を25℃の恒温水槽に30分以上浸漬し、浸透後、忌避剤を恒温水槽から取り出し、水分をよく拭き取り、忌避剤の容器にアクチュエーターを取り付けて秤量し、この値を「W1」とした。その後、気流の影響を受けない環境で、各々の忌避剤を測定版から20cmの距離に固定し、5秒間噴射した後、ろ紙に付着した内容物を秤量した。この際の天秤の値が内容物の付着量であり、この値を「W2」とした。また、噴射後の忌避剤の重量を容器にアクチュエーターを取り付けた状態で測定し、この値を「W3」とした。これらW1〜W3の値を用いて、付着率を以下の計算式を用いて算出した。
付着率(%)=W2/(W1−W3)×100
忌避剤の有効成分として、三相乳化粒子として0.57質量%のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースステアロキシエーテル、DEET10質量%、水89.43質量%の実施例11に係る乳化組成物を作製した。また、比較例13として、模擬的調整したエタノール忌避剤(DEET:10質量%、その他の成分としてエタノール、BG(1,3−ブチレングリコール)、無水ケイ酸、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル含有)を準備した。これらを用いて、耐水性試験1(ヒト上腕内側を対象としたカップシェイク法による試験)を行った。
まず、サンプル塗布ヒト上腕内側に、実施例11又は比較例13の組成物を20μLを塗布し自然乾燥させた。次いで、直径17.5mmの容器に精製水2mLを入れ、サンプルを塗布した箇所に容器開口部を接触させ密閉した。密閉状態を維持しつつ容器内の精製水を上下に移動させ、これを5往復行った(カップシェイク法)。この試験を、合計4回実施した。カップシェイク法実施後の回収精製水中のDEET濃度をGC(ガスクロマトグラフィー)で定量した。また、サンプル未塗布箇所においても、同様の試験を実施し、これをコントロールとした。その結果を表9に示す。
次いで、皮膚透過性因子を考慮しないで試験するために、上記の実施例11、比較例13を用いて、人工皮膚モデルによる耐水試験方法を行った。
実施例11、比較例13を用いて、細胞生存率比較試験を行った。また、実施例11と比較例13について、それぞれDEET未配合のものを準備した。
実施例11、比較例13を用いて、皮膚水分量と経皮水分蒸散量を測定した。試験部位はヒト上腕内側とした。まず、ヒト上腕内側の特定箇所の皮膚水分量と経皮水分蒸散量を測定し、当該特定箇所にサンプル20μLを塗布し自然乾燥させた。その後、サンプルを塗布した箇所の皮膚水分量と経皮水分蒸散量を測定した。その結果を、図3、図4に示す。
上述の実施例10と比較例12に係る忌避剤を用いて、忌避効果の評価を行った。
試験対象虫及び試験場は以下のとおりとした。
試験場所:一般財団法人 日本環境衛生センター 4F 生物試験室C
試験対象虫(供試虫):ヒトスジシマカ Aedes albopictus(医科研コロニー、羽化6〜13日齢 雌成虫 1群 10匹、上記のセンターで累代飼育中の集団)
評価の手順は、以下の手順及び条件で行った。
・被験者I(53歳女性):約364.5cm2の範囲に、供試薬剤(実施例10又は比較例12に係る忌避剤)を0.73g処理
・被験者II(36歳男性):約494cm2の範囲に、供試薬剤(実施例10又は比較例12に係る忌避剤)を0.99g処理
・被験者III(28歳女性):約390cm2の範囲に、供試薬剤(実施例10又は比較例12に係る忌避剤)を0.78g処理
忌避指数={1−(T/C)}×100
T:検体区の吸血率 C:無処理対照区の吸血率
<芳香剤の調製及び官能性試験>
芳香剤の有効成分である香料(ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド及びドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルにより乳化できなかったもの)を3質量%となるように配合し、三相乳化粒子として0.1%ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースステアロキシエーテルを用いてO/W型の乳化組成物を調製し、これを実施例12に係る芳香剤とした。また、実施例12と同様の芳香剤と、エタノールをそれぞれ3質量%となるように水と混合して、比較例14に係る芳香剤を調製した。
匂い無 :0
微かに匂う:1
匂う :2
強く匂う :3
<実施例13、比較例16、比較例17>
芳香剤の有効成分である香料(ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド及びドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルにより乳化できなかったもの)を0.2質量%(乳化組成物における終濃度)となるように配合し、三相乳化粒子としてポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油の誘導体(HCO−30、日光ケミカルズ株式会社社製)の閉鎖小胞体の分散液を用いてO/W型の乳化組成物(閉鎖小胞体の終濃度:0.04質量%)を調製し、これを実施例13に係る芳香剤とした。
芳香剤の有効成分である香料R(ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド及びドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルにより乳化できなかったもの)を1.0質量%となるように配合し、三相乳化粒子としててポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油の誘導体(HCO−40、日光ケミカルズ株式会社社製)の閉鎖小胞体の分散液を用いてO/W型の乳化組成物(閉鎖小胞体の終濃度:1.0質量%)を調製し、これを実施例14に係る芳香剤とした。また、芳香剤の有効成分G(ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド及びドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルにより乳化できなかったもの)が1.0質量%、エタノールが5質量%となるように水と混合して、比較例18に係る芳香剤を調製した。また、芳香剤の有効成分である香料Gが1.0質量%、エタノールが20質量%となるように水と混合して、比較例19に係る芳香剤を調製した。
Claims (19)
- 水相と、以下の数式(1)及び(2)の条件を満たす油である油相(但し、N,N−ジエチル−3−メチルベンズアミドを含む油相を除く。)と、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体及び/又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーの粒子とを含有し、
組成物中の前記油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比が、25以下(0を含む)である、乳化組成物。
- 水相と、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド又はドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルのいずれの界面活性剤によっても乳化不可能な油である油相(但し、N,N−ジエチル−3−メチルベンズアミドを含む油相を除く。)と、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体及び/又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーの粒子とを含有し、
組成物中の前記油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比が、25以下(0を含む)である、乳化組成物。 - 忌避剤用、芳香剤用、殺虫剤用、殺菌剤用又は除草剤用である、請求項1に記載の乳化組成物。
- 忌避剤用、芳香剤用、殺虫剤用、殺菌剤用、除草剤用、又はワックス用である、請求項2に記載の乳化組成物。
- 前記有機溶媒の含有量が組成物全体の質量に対して20.0質量%以下(0を含む)である、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の乳化組成物。
- 前記有機溶媒を含まない、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の乳化組成物。
- O/W型エマルションである、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の乳化組成物。
- 揮発性油を有効成分とする製品用である、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の乳化組成物。
- 自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体を含有する、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の乳化組成物。
- 前記閉鎖小胞体及び/又は前記重縮合ポリマーの粒子の合計質量と前記油の含有量との質量比が0.0001以上0.001以下:1である、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の乳化組成物。
- 請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の乳化組成物を備える、製品。
- 忌避剤、芳香剤、殺虫剤、殺菌剤、又は除草剤である、請求項11に記載の製品。
- 揮発性の油を有効成分とする、請求項11又は12に記載の製品。
- エアゾール剤の形態である、請求項11から13のいずれかに記載の製品。
- 水相と、以下の数式(1)及び(2)の条件を満たし且つN,N−ジエチル−3−メチルベンズアミドを含む油である油相と、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体及び/又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーの粒子とを含有し、
組成物中の前記油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比が、25以下(0を含む)である、忌避剤用乳化組成物。
- 水相と、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド又はドデカオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルのいずれの界面活性剤によっても乳化不可能であり且つN,N−ジエチル−3−メチルベンズアミドを含む油である油相と、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体及び/又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーの粒子とを含有し、
組成物中の前記油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比が、25以下(0を含む)である、忌避剤用乳化組成物。 - 水相と、以下の数式(1)及び(2)の条件を満たす油である油相(但し、N,N−ジエチル−3−メチルベンズアミドを含む油相を除く。)とを含む組成物を、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体及び/又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーの粒子により乳化することによって、
前記組成物中における前記油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比を低減させる方法。
- 水相と、以下の数式(1)及び(2)の条件を満たし且つN,N−ジエチル−3−メチルベンズアミドを含む油である油相とを含む忌避剤用組成物を、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体及び/又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーの粒子により乳化することによって、
前記忌避剤用組成物中における前記油の含有量に対する、該油に対する良溶媒である有機溶媒の含有量の質量比を低減させる方法。
- 油について以下の数式(1)及び(2)の条件を満たすか否かを測定し、
その結果に基づいて、該油に対する乳化剤として自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成された閉鎖小胞体又は水酸基を有する重縮合ポリマーを選択する方法。
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