JP6306700B2 - アルブミン改変体及びその使用 - Google Patents
アルブミン改変体及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6306700B2 JP6306700B2 JP2016526852A JP2016526852A JP6306700B2 JP 6306700 B2 JP6306700 B2 JP 6306700B2 JP 2016526852 A JP2016526852 A JP 2016526852A JP 2016526852 A JP2016526852 A JP 2016526852A JP 6306700 B2 JP6306700 B2 JP 6306700B2
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
本明細書で使用する用語「アルブミン」は、HSAと実質的に同一の三次元構造を有するタンパク質を意味する。本発明のアルブミンタンパク質の例には、ヒト血清アルブミン、チンパンジー血清アルブミン、ゴリラ血清アルブミンのような霊長類の血清アルブミン、ウサギ血清アルブミン、マウスアルブミン及びラット血清アルブミンのようなげっ歯類の血清アルブミン、ウシ血清アルブミン、ウマの血清アルブミン、ロバ血清アルブミン、ハムスター血清アルブミン、ヤギ血清アルブミン、ヒツジ血清アルブミン、イヌ血清アルブミン、モルモット血清アルブミン、ニワトリ血清アルブミン、及びブタ血清アルブミンが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。配列番号1に開示のHSAまたは天然に生じるその任意の対立遺伝子は本発明による好ましいアルブミンであり、分子量67kDaを有する。天然の対立遺伝子は、本質的にHSAと同一の特性を有するが配列番号1に比べ1つまたは少数の変更を有して存在する場合があり、本発明者らはこのような天然の対立遺伝子の使用も意図することを当業者には理解されるであろう。
参照配列内の位置「に対応するアミノ酸位置」という表現及び同様の表現は、一次構造または空間的構造において、参照配列の特定の位置に対応するアミノ酸残基を特定することが意図される。これが、所与の配列を参照配列と整列させ、参照配列の特定の位置と整列するアミノ酸残基を特定することにより可能であることは、当業者には理解されるであろう。例えば、HSAの573位に対応する所与のアルブミン配列のアミノ酸残基を見出すためには、所与のアルブミン配列をHSAと整列させ、HSAの573位と整列しているアミノ酸が、HSAの573位に対応する所与のアルブミン配列のアミノ酸として特定される。
本発明によるアルブミンまたはその断片を、当該技術分野で公知の技術を使用して免疫原(例えば、抗原)に結合させてよい。本発明は特定の免疫原に限定されるものではない。いかなる免疫原または抗原性断片を用いてもよい。例としは、微生物(例えば、病原性微生物)由来の免疫原、腫瘍(例えば、癌ワクチン用)等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
アルブミン改変体の工学的操作
材料及び方法
アルブミン改変体をコードする発現ベクターの構築
GSTをコードするcDNAセグメントに融合したマウス及びヒトのアルブミン改変体をコードするcDNAをクローニングするためにpcDNA3ベクター(Invitrogen)を使用した。先に記載があるように(Andersen et al.,Clinical biochemistry 43,367−372(2010);Berntzen,et al.Journal of immunological methods 298,93−104(2005))、全ベクターともエプスタイン−バーウイスルの複製起点(OriP)もコードする。MSA及びHSA遺伝子(表1)をコードするcDNA断片はいずれもGenScript Inc(NJ,USA)社に依頼しpUC57ベクター内に作製した。pUC57ベクター両端に制限部位HindIII及びXhoIを隣接させた。アミノ酸のグリシン−セリン(GS)伸長部をコードするDNA配列((GGS)4GG)のN末端にGST配列を融合させた。pcDNA3−HSAwt−GST−OriP及びpcDNA3−HSAbartin−GST−OriPの両ベクターについては先に記載がある(Andersen et al.,2010、前掲)。
接着性HEK293E細胞の一過的トランスフェクションをポリエチレンイミン(PEIMax;MW 4000;Polysciences,Inc,Warrington)を使用して行った。トランスフェクションに先立ち、T175ボトル(50ml)内で95%コンフルエントな状態まで細胞を増殖させた。62.5μgのプラスミドDNAを3.75mlのOptiMEM培地(Invitrogen)(溶液1)及び25μlのPEI−MAX(6.45mg/ml)及び3.75mlのdH2Oと混合した。次いで、溶液1と2を混合し室温で30分間インキュベーションを行ってから、播種した細胞に混合物を加えた。トランスフェクション後2日ごとに最高12日まで上清を回収した。
マウス及びヒトのHisタグ付き切断型単量体FcRn(mFcRn及びhFcRn)を、本質的には先に記載のように(Kim et al.、European journal of immunology29,2819−2825(1999);Popov,S.et al.Molecular immunology 33,521−530(1996))バキュロウイルス発現ベクター系を使用して作製した。受容体は、Ni2+イオンが供給されたHisTrap HPカラム(GE Healthcare,UK)を使用して精製した。使用に先立ち、0.05%アジ化ナトリウム含有1×PBSでカラムの予備平衡を行った。上清のpHを1×PBS/0.05%アジ化ナトリウム(pH10.9)を用いてpH7.2に調整してから、HisTrap HPカラムに流量5ml分−1で添加した。200mlの1×PBSに続き50mlの25mMイミダゾール/1×PBSで洗浄後、結合した受容体を50mlの250mMイミダゾール/1×PBS(pH7.2〜7.4)で溶出させた。タンパク質を、Amicron Ultra−10カラム(Millipore)を使用して再濃縮(up−concentrated)し1×PBSに緩衝液を交換してから、製造者のプロトコルに従いHiLoad26/600Superdex200プレップグレードカラム(GE Healthcare)に添加した。Amicon Ultraカラム(Millipore)を使用して、溶出した画分をプール及び再濃縮(up−concentrated)し、4℃で保存した。
ウサギIgG(10μg/ml)(Southern Biotech)をマイクロタイターウェル(Nunc)にコーティングし、4℃で一晩インキュベートした。その後、ウェルをPBS/4%スキムミルクで1時間室温でブロックし、pH6.0のPBS/0.005% Tween20(PBS/T)で4回洗浄した。可溶性mFcRnまたはhFcRn(20μg/ml)をPBS/T/4%スキムミルク(pH6.0)に希釈し、ウェルに加え、1.5時間室温でインキュベートしてから、上記のように洗浄した。続いて、GSTタグの付いたアルブミン改変体(5μg/ml)をPBS/T/4%スキムミルク(pH6.0)で希釈し、ウェルに室温で2時間加えた。上記のように洗浄した後、PBS/T/4%スキムミルクpH6.0で希釈した(1:4000)ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ結合抗GST抗体(GE Healthcare)を加えて1時間インキュベートした。続いて、ウェルを上記のように洗浄し、結合したアルブミン改変体をテトラメチルベンジジン基質(Calbiochem)を使用して検出した。100μlの1M HCl添加後、分光光度計Sunrise(TECAN)を使用して450nmで吸光を測定した。
SPRによる実験をBIAcore3000装置(GE Healthcare)で実施し、アミンカップリング(GE Healthcare)を使用してGST融合アルブミン改変体をCM5チップに固定化した。本質的に製造者による記載のとおり、pH5.0の10mM酢酸ナトリウム(GE Healthcare)に2μg/mlずつ注入した。チップ表面の未反応部分を1Mエタノールアミンでブロックした。実験は、ランニング試料または希釈試料いずれにもリン酸緩衝液(67mMリン酸緩衝液、0.15M塩化ナトリウム、0.005%Tween20)(pH6.0または7.4)を用いて行った。動態測定は、Hisタグの付いた単量体hFcRnの系列希釈(1.0〜0.015μM)を、pH6.0またはpH7.4で固定化したアルブミン改変体に25℃にて流量50μL/分で注入して実施した。BIAevaluation4.1ソフトウェアで提供される簡便なラングミュア1:1リガンド結合モデルを使用して反応速度値を計算した。平均二乗を表す統計データχ2で表記されるフィッティングの近似性は、すべての親和性推定値において2.0以下であった。非特異的結合及び大量の緩衝液作用を補正するため、対照群であるCM5表面及びブランク注射から得た結合応答を各相互作用曲線から引いた。
ヒト上皮細胞株T84(ATCC)を、10%熱非働化FBS、2mM Lg、及び50U/ml PS(すべてBio−Wittaker製)を添加した、Dulbecco改変イーグル培地(DMEM:Invitrogen)及びHam F−12培地(1:1)(Invitrogen)に維持した。細胞を、CO25%、空気95%の加湿インキュベーターで37℃にてインキュベートした。PTFEメンブレンを備えた細孔径0.4μmのトランスウェルフィルター(1.12cm2)(Corning Costar,MA,USA)を載せ、発育培地内でインキュベートしてから1.0x106細胞/ウェルを播種した。経上皮電気抵抗(TER)をMILLICELL−ERSボルト−オームメーター(MILLIPORE)を使用して連日測定した。TER値が1000〜1500Ωxcm2に達するまで4〜6日間細胞を培養した。発育培地を連日交換した。
hFcRn結合が促進または抑制された、単一点変異をC末端DIII内に有する工学操作された各種のHSA改変体を作製した。このようなHSA改変体は、hFcRn−HSA複合体のドッキングモデルの評価(Andersen et al.,Nature communications 3,610 2012)に基づき構築された。ここで、単一点変異または変異の組み合わせによりhFcRnへの結合にどのような影響があるのかを調べるため、変異を選択してHSAのDIIIに導入した。さらに、変異改変体のいくつかとI523Gを組み合わせた(WO201211218A1;参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられたものとする)。
hFcRnへの結合が促進された、C末端DIII内に点変異を有する工学操作したHSA改変体であった。HSA改変体を、hFcRn−HSA複合体1及びV547のドッキングモデルの評価に基づき構築した(バイオ製薬企業11社による記載(WO2013075066 A2)。ここで、変異の組み合わせによりhFcRnへの結合にどう影響するかを調べるため、変異の組み合わせをHSAのDIII内に導入した。
アルブミン改変体をコードする発現ベクターの構築
GSTをコードするcDNAセグメントに融合させた、ヒト血清アルブミン改変体をコードするcDNAのクローニングに、pcDNA3ベクター(Invitrogen)を使用した。先に記載があるように、全ベクターとも、エプスタイン−バーウイスルの複製起点(OriP)もコードする(Andersen et al.,2010、前掲;Berntzen et al.、前掲)。HSA遺伝子をコードするcDNA断片はいずれもGenScript Inc(NJ,USA)社に依頼しpUC57ベクター内に得たものである。pUC57ベクター両端に制限部位HindIII及びXhoIを隣接させた。アミノ酸のグリシン−セリン(GS)伸長部をコードするDNA配列((GGS)4GG)のN末端にGST配列を融合させた。ベクターpcDNA3−HSAwt−GST−OriPについては、先に記載がある(Andersen et al.,2010、前掲)。
接着性HEK293E細胞の一過的トランスフェクションをポリエチレンイミンを使用して行った(PEIMax;MW 4000;Polysciences,Inc,Warrington)。トランスフェクションに先立ち、細胞をT175ボトル(50 ml)内で95%コンフルエントな状態まで増殖させた。62.5μgのプラスミドDNAを、3.75mlのOptiMEM培地(Invitrogen)(溶液1)及び25μlのPEI−MAX(6.45mg/ml)及び3.75mlのdH2Oと混合した。次いで、溶液1及び2を混合した後、室温で30分間インキュベーションを行ってから、播種した細胞に混合物を加えた。トランスフェクション後2日ごとに最高12日まで上清を回収した。
本質的には先に記載があるように(Kim et al.、前掲;Popov et al.、前掲)、切断型単量体のHisタグの付いたヒトFcRn(hFcRn)をバキュロウイルス発現ベクター系を使用して作製した。Ni2+イオンが供給されたHisTrap HPカラム(GE Healthcare,UK)を使用して受容体を精製した。カラム使用前に、0.05%アジ化ナトリウム含有1×PBSでカラムの予備平衡を行った。上清のpHを1×PBS/0.05%アジ化ナトリウム(pH10.9)を用いてpH7.2に調整してから、HisTrap HPカラムに流量5ml分−1で添加した。200mlの1×PBSに続き50mlの25mMイミダゾール/1×PBSで洗浄後、結合した受容体を50mlの250mMイミダゾール/1×PBS(pH7.2〜7.4)で溶出させた。タンパク質を、Amicron Ultra−10カラム(Millipore)を使用して再濃縮(up−concentrated)し1×PBSに緩衝液を交換してから、製造者のプロトコルに従いHiLoad26/600Superdex200プレップグレードカラム(GE Healthcare)に添加した。Amicon Ultraカラム(Millipore)を使用して、溶出した画分をプール及び再濃縮(up−concentrated)し、4℃で保存した。
SPRによる実験をBIAcore3000装置(GE Healthcare)で実施し、アミンカップリング(GE Healthcare)を使用してGST融合HSAをCM5チップに固定化した。本質的に製造者による記載のとおり、pH5.0の10mM酢酸ナトリウム(GE Healthcare)に2μg/mlずつ注入した。チップ表面の未反応部分を1Mエタノールアミンでブロックした。実験は、ランニング試料または希釈試料いずれにもリン酸緩衝液(67mMリン酸緩衝液、0.15M塩化ナトリウム、0.005%Tween20)(pH6.0または7.4)を用いて行った。動態測定は、Hisタグの付いた単量体hFcRnの系列希釈(1.0〜0.015μM)を、固定化したHSA改変体にpH6.0、25℃にて流量50μl/分で注入して実施した。BIAevaluation4.1ソフトウェアで提供される簡便なラングミュア1:1リガンド結合モデルを使用して反応速度値を計算した。平均二乗を表す統計データχ2で表記されるフィッティングの近似性は、すべての親和性推定値において2.0以下であった。非特異的結合及び大量の緩衝液作用を補正するため、対照群であるCM5表面及びブランク注射から得た結合応答を各相互作用曲線から引いた。
hFcRn結合性が改変されたHSA改変体の設計
hFcRn結合が促進または抑制された、単一点変異をC末端DIII内に有する工学操作された各種のHSA改変体を作製した。このようなHSA改変体は、hFcRn−HSA複合体のドッキングモデルの評価(Andersen et al.,Nature communications 3,610 2012)に基づき構築された。ここで、単一点変異または変異の組み合わせによりhFcRnへの結合にどのような影響があるのかを調べるため、変異を選択してHSAのDIIIに導入した。さらに、変異改変体のいくつかを、I523GまたはV547Aと組み合わせた(WO201211218A1及びWO2013075066A2;参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられたものとする)。
GSTタグをコードするcDNAセグメントに融合させた、HSA改変体をコードするcDNAのクローニングに、pcDNA3ベクター(Invitrogen)を使用した。先に記載があるように、全ベクターとも、エプスタイン−バーウイスルの複製起点(OriP)もコードする(Andersen et al.、Clinical biochemistry 43,367−372; Berntzen et al.,(2005) Journal of immunological methods 298,93−104)。HSA遺伝子をコードするcDNA断片はいずれもGenScript Inc(NJ,USA)社に依頼しpUC57ベクター内に得たものである。pUC57ベクター両端に制限部位HindIII及びXhoIを隣接させた。アミノ酸のグリシン−セリン(GS)伸長部をコードするDNA配列((GGS)4GG)のN末端にGST配列を融合させた。ベクターpcDNA3−HSAwt−GST−OriP及びpcDNA3−HSAbartin−GST−OriPは先に記載がある(Anderson et al.,2010、前掲)。
接着性HEK293E細胞の一過的トランスフェクションをポリエチレンイミンを使用して行った(PEIMax;MW 4000;Polysciences,Inc,Warrington)。トランスフェクションに先立ち、細胞をT175ボトル(50 ml)内で95%コンフルエントな状態まで増殖させた。62.5μgのプラスミドDNAを、3.75mlのOptiMEM培地(Invitrogen)(溶液1)及び25μlのPEI−MAX(6.45mg/ml)及び3.75mlのdH2Oと混合した。次いで、溶液1及び2を混合した後、室温で30分間インキュベーションを行ってから、播種した細胞に混合物を加えた。トランスフェクション後2日ごとに最高12日まで上清を回収した。
切断型単量体のHisタグの付いたhFcRnを、本質的には先に記載があるように(Kim et al.,(1999)European journal of immunology 29,2819−2825;Popov et al.,(1996)Molecular immunology 33,521−530)バキュロウイルス発現ベクター系を使用して作製した。Ni2+イオンが供給されたHisTrap HPカラム(GE Healthcare,UK)を使用して受容体を精製した。カラム使用前に、0.05%アジ化ナトリウム含有1×PBSでカラムの予備平衡を行った。上清のpHを1×PBS/0.05%アジ化ナトリウム(pH10.9)を用いてpH7.2に調整してから、HisTrap HPカラムに流量5ml分−1で添加した。200mlの1×PBSに続き50mlの25mMイミダゾール/1×PBSで洗浄後、結合した受容体を50mlの250mMイミダゾール/1×PBS(pH7.2〜7.4)で溶出させた。タンパク質を、Amicron Ultra−10カラム(Millipore)を使用して再濃縮(up−concentrated)し1×PBSに緩衝液を交換してから、製造者のプロトコルに従いHiLoad26/600Superdex200プレップグレードカラム(GE Healthcare)に添加した。Amicon Ultraカラム(Millipore)を使用して、溶出した画分をプール及び再濃縮(up−concentrated)し、4℃で保存した。
4−ヒドロキシ−3−ヨード−5−ニトロフェニル酢酸(10μg/ml)に対する特異性を有する抗ヒトIgG1変異改変体(M252Y/S254T/T256E/H433K/N434F)をマイクロタイターウェル(Nunc)にコーティングして、GST融合HSA改変体のスクリーニングを行った。プレートを4℃で一晩インキュベートしてからウェルをPBS/4%スキムミルクで1時間室温にてブロックし、その後、PBS/T(pH6.0)で4回洗浄した。Hisタグの付いたhFcRn(20μg/ml)の一定量をPBS/T/4%スキムミルク(pH6.0)に希釈し、ウェルに加え、2時間室温でインキュベートしてからウェルを上記のように洗浄した。続いて、5μg/mlのGSTタグ付きWT HSA及び変異改変体をPBS/T/4%スキムミルク(pH6.0)で希釈し、ウェルに室温で2時間加えた。上記のように洗浄した後、PBS/T/4%スキムミルク(pH6.0)に希釈した(1:3000)ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ結合抗GST抗体(GE Healthcare)を次に加え、1時間インキュベートした。洗浄後、結合したHSA改変体を、テトラメチルベンジジン基質(Calbiochem)を使用して検出した。Sunrise分光光度計(TECAN)を使用して620nmで吸光を測定した。
SPRによる実験をBIAcore3000装置(GE Healthcare)で実施し、アミンカップリング(GE Healthcare)を使用してGST融合HSA改変体をCM5チップに固定化した。本質的に製造者による記載のとおり、pH5.0の10mM酢酸ナトリウム(GE Healthcare)に2μg/mlずつ注入した。チップ表面の未反応部分を1Mエタノールアミンでブロックした。実験は、ランニング試料または希釈試料いずれにもリン酸緩衝液(67mMリン酸緩衝液、0.15M塩化ナトリウム、0.005%Tween20)(pH6.0または7.4)を用いて行った。動態測定は、Hisタグの付いた単量体hFcRnの系列希釈(1.0〜0.015μM)を、固定化したHSA改変体にpH6.0、25℃にて流量50μl/分で注入して実施した。BIAevaluation4.1ソフトウェアで提供される簡便なラングミュア1:1リガンド結合モデルを使用して反応速度値を計算した。平均二乗を表す統計データχ2で表記されるフィッティングの近似性は、すべての親和性推定値において5.0以下であった。非特異的結合及び大量の緩衝液作用を補正するため、対照群であるCM5表面及びブランク注射から得た結合応答を各相互作用曲線から引いた。
1,5ml CL−30Q02−CA(5mg Fe/ml)(BioPal)を、100MWCOスピンカラム(Millipore)を用いて50mM MES(pH5.5)に緩衝液交換を行った。カルボキシル基の活性化を、EDC及びNHS溶液(GE healthcare)をそれぞれ600μl及び900μl加え、その後、回転ホイール上で室温にて20分インキュベーションして行った。未反応試薬を除去するため、カラム製造者の使用法に従って50mM MES緩衝液(pH5.5)で平衡化されたNAP−G−25カラム(GE healthcare)に活性化した粒子を通した。CL−30Q02−CAの1mlあたり2mgのHSA改変体(0.1M炭酸水素ナトリウム緩衝液(pH8.0)中に溶解)を使用し、混合後、回転ホイール上で室温にて120分インキュベートした。続いて、カップリングした粒子の緩衝液を100MWCOスピンカラム(Millipore)で1×PBS/0.05%アジドに交換し、4℃で保存した。
ヒト上皮細胞株T84(ATCC)を、10%熱非働化FBS、2mM Lg及び50U/ml PS(いずれもBio−Wittaker製)を添加した、Dulbecco改変イーグル培地DMEM(Invitrogen)及びHam F−12培地(1:1)(Invitrogen)に維持した。細胞を、CO25%、空気95%の加湿インキュベーターで37℃にてインキュベートした。PTFEメンブレンを備えた細孔径0.4μmのトランスウェルフィルター(1.12cm2)(Corning Costar,MA,USA)を載せ、発育培地内でインキュベートしてから1.0x106細胞/ウェルを播種した。経上皮電気抵抗(TER)をMILLICELL−ERSボルト−オームメーター(MILLIPORE)を使用して連日測定した。TER値が1000〜1500Ωxcm2に達するまで4〜6日間細胞を培養した。発育培地を連日交換した。
中性pHにおけるHSA融合体の結合能を比較するため、正規化HSA−GST改変体をヒトIgG変異体上に捕捉したhFcRnに加え、結合したHSA−GST改変体を、ヤギ由来HRP結合抗GST抗体を使用して検出し(図11F)、これにより、変異改変体は中性pHでは1つも受容体に結合しなかったことが示された(図11)。
Claims (12)
- 野生型のヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)またはマウス血清アルブミン(MSA)より高い親和性でFcRnに結合する、少なくとも1個の改変型アミノ酸を含む改変型のHSAまたはMSAポリペプチドであって、
配列番号1の547位、573位、523位、527位、500位、及び505位またはMSAの500位若しくは510位のアミノ酸の1またはそれ以上の位置に置換を有し、
前記置換が、配列番号1のK573Y/I523G、K573Y/I523G/T527M、K573Y/E505Q/T527M、K573Y/T527M、K573P/I523G、K573P/I523G/T527M、K573P/E505Q/T527M、V547A/K573P、V547A/E505Q/K573P/T527M、及びK500A/H510Q、ならびに野生型MSAのK500A/H510Qからなる群から選択されるポリペプチド。 - 前記置換が、配列番号1のK573Y/I523G、K573Y/I523G/T527M、K573Y/E505Q/T527M、K573Y/T527M、K573P/I523G、K573P/I523G/T527M、及びK573P/E505Q/T527Mからなる群から選択される請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記置換が、配列番号1のV547A/K573P及びV547A/E505Q/K573P/T527Mからなる群から選択される請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記置換が、配列番号1のK500A/H510Q、及び野生型MSAのK500A/H510Qからなる群から選択される請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- a)請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のポリペプチド、及びb)複合体を含む、融合タンパク質。
- 前記複合体が免疫原である、請求項5に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドまたは融合タンパク質をコードする、核酸。
- 請求項7に記載の核酸を含む、宿主細胞。
- 請求項5または6に記載の融合タンパク質及び薬理学的に許容される担体を含む、ワクチン組成物。
- 被検体に免疫応答を引き起こすための、請求項9に記載のワクチン組成物。
- 被検体の粘膜表面に送達される、請求項10に記載のワクチン組成物。
- 経鼻または吸入を介して送達される、請求項11に記載のワクチン組成物。
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