JP6281575B2 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 128
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 112
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 25
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
カソード電極 : 4H+ +4e- +O2 →2H2O …(2)
図3は、本発明の第1実施形態による燃料電池システム100の概略図である。
したがって、出力電流を走行許可前上限電流までの間で変動させて、少なくとも任意の2点の実出力電流Ir1、Ir2に対応する基準電圧Vb1、Vb2及び実出力電圧Vr1、Vr2をそれぞれ算出すれば、(3)式の傾きA及び切片Bを算出することができる。その結果、(3)式に基づいて、走行許可前上限電流以上の領域の任意の出力電流における出力電圧を算出することができるので、図5に一点鎖線で示すように、走行許可前上限電流以上の領域における実IV特性を推定することができる。
なる場合がある。この場合に出力電流をシステム要求下限電流ISLよりも降下させてしまうと、ドライアウト現象や高電位劣化減少が発生するおそれがある。そのため、出力電流をIV推定用負荷下げ目標電流ItLまで降下させるのは望ましくない。
なお、本実施形態では燃料電池スタック1の出力電流が所定電流以上の領域で出力電流と出力電圧の関係が一次関数で近似できることを利用し、その領域内で出力電流を一定以上の電流幅で変化させたときの出力電圧の変化をみることでIV特性が推定される。
Claims (6)
- アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給して発電させる燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池に接続される負荷と、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、前記負荷への供給電力を調整して前記燃料電池の出力電流を所定幅変化させる電流制御手段と、
変化させている間に検出される少なくとも2組の出力電流値及び出力電圧値に基づいて、前記燃料電池のIV特性を推定するIV推定手段と、
前記IV推定手段の実施中に、前記燃料電池の出力電圧値の検出値が第1所定値以下になったときは、前記IV特性を推定するIV推定を停止するIV推定停止手段と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記IV推定手段によるIV推定精度を確保するために、出力電流を変化させる際の出力電流の最低値を設定する最低値設定手段をさらに備え、
前記IV推定の実施中に、前記燃料電池の出力電流値が前記最低値を下回ると判断したときは、前記IV推定を停止する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記IV推定を停止したときは、前記負荷としてのバッテリを放電させた後に、再度前記IV推定を実施する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項2又は請求項3に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記最低値設定手段は、
前記燃料電池の暖機が進むほど、前記最低値を小さくする、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項2から請求項4までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、出力電流が所定の暖機用目標電流となるように、前記負荷への供給電力を調整して前記燃料電池を暖機させる暖機手段を備え、
出力電流を前記暖機用目標電流から上昇させた後、出力電流が低下するように前記負荷への供給電力を調整すると共に、
前記IV推定手段は、出力電流を低下させている間に検出された少なくとも2組の出力電流値及び出力電圧値に基づいて、前記IV特性を推定する、
燃料電池システム。 - アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給して、前記燃料電池に接続される負荷に応じて発電させる燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、前記負荷への供給電力を調整して前記燃料電池の出力電流を所定幅変化させる電流制御ステップと、
変化させている間に検出される少なくとも2組の出力電流値及び出力電圧値に基づいて、前記燃料電池のIV特性を推定するIV推定ステップと、
前記IV推定ステップの実施中に、前記燃料電池の出力電圧値の検出値が第1所定値以下になったときは、前記IV推定ステップの実施を停止するIV推定停止ステップと、
を備える燃料電池システムの制御方法。
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