JP6217836B1 - 核材料および半導体パッケージおよびバンプ電極の形成方法 - Google Patents
核材料および半導体パッケージおよびバンプ電極の形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6217836B1 JP6217836B1 JP2016237468A JP2016237468A JP6217836B1 JP 6217836 B1 JP6217836 B1 JP 6217836B1 JP 2016237468 A JP2016237468 A JP 2016237468A JP 2016237468 A JP2016237468 A JP 2016237468A JP 6217836 B1 JP6217836 B1 JP 6217836B1
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- solder plating
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- 239000011824 nuclear material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020830 Sn-Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910018728 Sn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 95
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 16
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0227—Rods, wires
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
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- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
Description
核を被覆するはんだめっき層としては、Snを主成分とする鉛フリーはんだが用いられることが多い。好適な例としては、SnとBiからなるSn系はんだ合金を挙げることができる(特許文献1および特許文献2参照)。
特許文献1では、はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの含有量は、内側(内周側)が薄く、外側(外周側)に向かって濃くなるような濃度勾配でめっき処理されている。
特許文献2の技術は、特許文献1とは全く逆の濃度勾配となっている。これは、特許文献2による濃度制御の方が、特許文献1による場合よりも簡単であり、造り易いためと考えられる。
溶融タイミングにずれが起こると、核材料の外表面が溶融し始めていても、内周面側の領域ではまだ溶融が起きていないような、部分溶解が混在することになり、その結果核材料は溶融している側に僅かに位置ずれを起こす。挟ピッチの高密度実装では、この位置ずれによるはんだ処理は致命的な欠陥となるおそれがある。
この体積膨張の内外周側での遅速により、Biの内周側と外周側(外気)とで圧力差が生じ、Biの外周側が溶融し始めると、内周側の体積膨張による圧力差で核となっているCuボールがはじけ飛ぶような事態が発生する。このような事態の発生は避けなければならない。
このようにSnとBiからなるSn系はんだ合金からなるはんだめっき層を有するCu核ボールは、はんだめっき層中のBiに濃度勾配がある場合、不良が発生していた。
但し、核と(Sn−Bi)系はんだ合金のはんだめっき層との間にNiめっき等の下地めっき層が施される場合には、下地めっき層を除いたはんだめっき層中においてBiが均質に分布している核材料を提供するものである。
なお、本願で用いるBi濃度比(%)とは、はんだめっき層の所定領域における、目標とするBi含有量(質量%)に対するBi計測値(質量%)の比(%)、あるいは目標とするBi含有量(質量%)に対するBi計測値の平均の値(質量%)の比(%)をいう。
また、所定領域におけるBi含有量は、その所定領域におけるBi濃度と言い換えることもできるので、本願で用いるBi濃度比(%)とは、はんだめっき層の所定領域における、目標とするBi濃度に対する計測されたBi濃度の比(%)、あるいは目標とするBi濃度に対する計測されたBi濃度の平均の比(%)をいう。
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体かこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比は、91.4〜106.7%の範囲内となされたことを特徴とするものである。
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体やこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比は、91.4〜108.6%の範囲内となされたことを特徴とするものである。ここに、(Sn−58Bi)は、(Sn−58重量%Bi)のことである。
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体やこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比は、90〜107.5%の範囲内となされたことを特徴とするものである。ここに、(Sn−40Bi)は、(Sn−40重量%Bi)のことである。
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体やこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比は、90〜106.7%の範囲内となされたことを特徴とするものである。ここに、(Sn−40Bi)は、(Sn−40重量%Bi)のことである。
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体かこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比が、91.4〜106.7%の範囲内となされた核材料を電極上に搭載する工程と、
搭載した前記核材料を加熱することによりバンプ電極を形成する工程を含むことを特徴とするものである。
この発明では、SnとBiからなるSn系はんだ合金を核表面に電気めっき処理によってめっき被膜した核材料において、はんだめっき層中のBiの分布が均質となされた核材料およびこれを使用した半導体パッケージを提供するものである。
なお、許容範囲とは、この範囲内にあれば、問題なくバンプ形成等のはんだ付けを行い得る範囲をいう。また、濃度比(%)とは目標とする含有量(質量%)に対する計測値(質量%)、あるいは目標とする含有量(質量%)に計測値の平均の値(質量%)の比(%)をいう。すなわち、濃度比(%)は、
濃度比(%)=計測値(質量%)/目標とする含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とする含有量(質量%)
として表することができる。
添加元素としては、Ag、Cu、Ni、Ge、Ga、In、Zn、Fe、Pb、Sb、Au、Pd、Coなどのうち一種または二種以上使用することが考えられる。
核(コア)としては金属材料が使用される。核の形状は球体その他の形状(柱状のカラムやシート状など)が考えられる。本例では、球体であって、核として特にCuからなるボール(以下Cuボールという)を使用したCu核ボールの場合について説明する。
核としては、Cu以外にも、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体やこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物により構成しても良い。
粒径が1〜300μm程度のCu核ボール10の集合体を「Cu核パウダ」と呼称する場合がある。このCu核パウダは、はんだペースト中の粉末用はんだとして配合された状態で使用される場合がある。
この場合、前述のようにはんだめっき層16中のBi含有量は目標値の58質量%に対して許容範囲として53質量%(濃度比91.4%)〜63質量%(濃度比108.6%)程度が好ましい。
めっき液としては、有機酸、メタンスルホン酸Biおよび界面活性剤の混合液が使用される。めっき液の濃度ははんだめっき層形成中、一定となるように制御される。
計測タイミングのCu核ボールの粒径が、目的の値となっているときのはんだめっき層中のBiの含有量を順次測定すると、図6曲線Laのような結果が得られた。この結果よりはんだめっき層16が所定の厚みだけ順次増加してもそのときのBiの含有量は、直前の含有量とほぼ同じ値となっていることが判る。曲線Laの場合にはBiの含有量はほぼ58〜60質量%となっている。従って、図6曲線LaからBiの濃度分布はめっき厚に対して均質(均等)となっており、濃度勾配が無いことが理解できる。
はんだめっき層16中のBiの濃度は、はんだめっき層16の厚みが成長してもほぼ同じ状態を維持していることから、はんだめっき層16中のBiはほぼ均質に分布した状態で成長(析出)していることが明らかとなった。Bi濃度が所期の値内に収まるようにめっき液中のBi濃度が均質にされた状態でめっき処理が行われる。この例では、はんだめっき層16中のBiの含有量としては58質量%を目標値としているので、目標値に到達するようにめっき液中のBi濃度が制御される。
はんだめっき層16中のBiの濃度分布を所期値に収めるためには、電圧・電流制御を行いながらめっき処理がなされる。このような電気めっき処理によってはんだめっき層16中のBiの分布を所期値に維持することができる。
実施例においては、めっき液中のBi濃度はめっき処理中ほぼ42〜44質量%となっているが、これは上述したようにはんだめっき層16中のBi濃度が53〜63質量%となるように、めっき液中のBi濃度を随時調整しながらめっき処理を行っているためである。
(1)下記条件にてはんだめっき層16の組成が(Sn−58)BiとなるCu核ボール10を作成した。
・Cuボール12の直径 :250μm
・Ni下地めっき層14の膜厚 :2μm
・はんだめっき層16の膜厚 :23μm
・Cu核ボール10の直径 :300μm
実験結果の測定を容易にするため、Cu核ボール10としてはその厚みが比較的薄いはんだめっき層を有するCu核ボールを作製した。
めっき方法は電気めっき工法にて図6の条件となるように作製した。
(2)試料としては、同一組成の(Sn−58Bi)系はんだ合金のはんだめっき層が形成されたCu核ボール10を10個用意した。これらを試料Aとして使用した。
(3)それぞれの試料A1〜A10を樹脂で封止する。
(4)封止した各試料A1〜A10を、樹脂ごと研磨して各試料A1〜A10の断面を観察する。観察機材は日本電子製のFE−EPMAJXA−8530Fを使用した。
その結果を纏めたものが(表−1)である。この(表−1)によれば、内層、中間層、外層において最小値53.29質量%(濃度比91.9%)、最大値60.97質量%(濃度比105.1%)の範囲にあることが分かる。上述したように、Biの許容範囲を53質量%(濃度比91.4%)〜63質量%(濃度比108.6%)としたが、この実験結果の実測値から53.29質量%(濃度比91.9%)〜60.97質量%(濃度比105.1%)の範囲まで許容できることがわかった。
内層領域17a=57.46(質量%)(濃度比99.1%)
中間層領域17b=56.32(質量%)(濃度比97.1%)
外層領域17c=56.62(質量%)(濃度比97.6%)
となった。
そしてこれらの試料A〜Dと同じロットで製造したCu核ボールそれぞれ10個(例)を抽出し、それぞれを基板に通常のリフロー処理により接合した。
接合結果も併せて(表−2)に示す。
接合結果については、全てのサンプルにて一切の接合不良が測定されなかったものを「良」、1つのサンプルでも接合時に位置ずれが発生したもの、及び1つのサンプルでも接合時にCu核ボール10がはじけ飛ばされたものを「不良」と判定した。
いずれも内周側が外周側より早めに溶融して、内周側と外周側とで体積膨張差が生じてCu核ボール10がはじき飛ばされるような事態は、発生せず、またはんだめっき層16全体がほぼ均一に溶融するから、溶融タイミングのずれによって発生すると思われる核材料の位置ずれは生じていないので、位置ずれなどに伴う電極間の短絡などのおそれはない。よって接合不良は一切発生しない良好な結果が得られた為、「良」と判定した。
・Cuボールの直径 :180μm
・Ni下地めっき層の膜厚 :2μm
・はんだめっき層の膜厚 :33μm
・Cu核ボールの直径 :250μm
Cu核ボールの作製方法は、実施例1と同様な電気めっき条件によってめっき液中のBi濃度が均質となるように行った。
測定した結果を(表−2)のE〜Hに示す。
(表−2)試料E〜Hの結果から分かることは、このときのBiは目標値としては40質量%であるが、そのときのはんだめっき層16中のBiは平均値では最小37.81質量%(濃度比94.5%)〜最大41.33質量%(濃度比103.3%)(何れも同一組成のはんだ合金に対し10回計測した平均値)と、多少のバラツキはあるものの、ほぼ目標値相応の値、すなわち、許容範囲の36質量%(濃度値比90.0%)〜43質量%(濃度値比107.5%))内にあることが分かる。そして全てのサンプルにおいて、接合判定は、実施例1と同じく接合不良は一切発生しない良好な結果が得られた為、「良」と判定した。
この例では、実施例1と同様にCuボールの初期値として粒径215μmのものを使用した場合である。はんだめっき層16の厚みを逐一モニターし、この例でははんだめっき層16の厚みが所定値ずつ順次増加したときのCu核ボール10をその都度サンプルとして採集する。採集したサンプルは洗浄してから乾燥させた上で、粒径を計測する。
計測タイミングのCu核ボールの粒径が、目的の値となっているときのはんだめっき層中のBiの含有量を順次測定すると、図8の曲線Lcのような結果が得られた。この結果よりはんだめっき層16が所定の厚みだけ順次増加してもそのときのBiの含有量は、直前の含有量とほぼ同じ値となっていることが判る。曲線Lcの場合にはBiの含有量はほぼ40〜42質量%となっている。曲線LcのようにBiの濃度分布はめっき厚に対して均質(均等)となっており、濃度勾配が無いことが理解できる。はんだめっき層16内のBi濃度(曲線Lc)とめっき液中のBi濃度(曲線Ld)が一致していないのは、図6と同様にめっき液中のBiがめっき液中のSnより優先してはんだめっき層内に取り込まれるためである。
Cu核ボールの作製方法は、実施例1および実施例2と同じである。
その結果を(表−2)試料I〜Lとして示す。この場合には目標値となるBiは3質量%であるので、試料I〜Lに示すように、2.81〜3.08質量%(何れも同一試料に付き10回計測した平均値)と、多少のバラツキ(平均値の最小2.81質量%(濃度比93.7%)〜最大3.08質量%(濃度比102.7%)程度はあるものの、許容範囲である。したがって2.7質量%(濃度比90.0%)〜3.2質量%(濃度比106.7%)に収まっていることが分かる。接合判定は、実施例1と同じく接合不良は一切発生しない良好な結果が得られた為、「良」と判定した。
上記[実施例1]〜[実施例3]の結果を表−3にまとめた。Biの濃度比は91.4%〜106.7質量%である。
その結果、はんだめっき層中のBi濃度が内側が薄く、外側に向かうにつれ濃くなる濃度勾配(内層0質量%、中層52.12質量%、外層100質量%)を有し、はんだめっき層全体としてBiの含有量を目標値58質量%となるようなはんだめっき層が形成された。
その結果、はんだめっき層中のBi濃度が内側が高く、外側に向かうにつれ低くなる濃度勾配(内層70.7質量%、中層24.8質量%、外層3.8質量%)となり、はんだめっき層全体としてBiの含有量を目標値58質量%となるようなはんだめっき層が形成された。
結果、比較例1では接合時に位置ずれが発生し、比較例2ではCu核ボールがはじき飛ばされてしまったため、共に「不良」と判定した。
このようにはんだめっき層16内のBi濃度を変えた場合には、位置ずれやCu核ボール10の吹き飛びなどの現象が発生した。
この発明における核表面にはんだめっき層を被覆した材料中に含まれるBiは均質になっている。例えば、BGAのような半導体パッケージにおいてははんだバンプとしてこの発明に係る核材料を使用することができる。核としてはボールが好適であり、しかもCuなどの金属球が好適である。
例えば上面および底面の径:1〜1000μm,高さ:1〜3000μmであるCu製のカラムの表面へ片側1〜4μmのNi下地めっき層、Fe下地めっき層やCo下地めっき層等を設け、実施例と同じ条件にて(Sn−Bi)系はんだめっき層を被覆したCu核カラムは、はんだめっき層中のBiが91.4〜106.7%の所定範囲の濃度比となり、本願実施例のCu核ボールと同じく、接合不良が発生しない。
12 Cuボール
14 下地めっき層
16 はんだめっき層
16a 内層
16b 中間層
16c 外層
17a〜17c 切片(計測領域)
Claims (9)
- 核表面に 電気はんだめっきされたSnとBiからなる(Sn−Bi)系はんだ合金の電気はんだめっき層を有する核材料において、
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体かこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比は、91.4〜106.7%の範囲内となされた
ことを特徴とする核材料。 - 核表面に電気はんだめっきされたSnと58質量%のBiからなる(Sn−58Bi)系はんだ合金の電気はんだめっき層を有する核材料において、
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体やこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比は、91.4〜108.6%の範囲内となされた
ことを特徴とする核材料。 - 核表面に電気はんだめっきされたSnと40質量%のBiからなる(Sn−40Bi)系はんだ合金の電気はんだめっき層を有する核材料において、
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体やこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比は、90〜107.5%の範囲内となされた
ことを特徴とする核材料。 - 核表面に電気はんだめっきされたSnと3質量%のBiからなる(Sn−3Bi)系はんだ合金の電気はんだめっき層を有する核材料において、
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体やこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比は、90〜106.7%の範囲内となされた
ことを特徴とする核材料。 - 前記核材料は、前記核表面から順にNi及びCoから選択された1元素以上の下地めっき層と前記電気はんだめっき層を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の核材料。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の核材料であって、核としてCuボールが使用されている
ことを特徴とする核材料。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の核材料であって、核としてCuカラムが使用されている
ことを特徴とする核材料。 - 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の核材料がはんだバンプとして使用されている
ことを特徴とする半導体パッケージ。 - 核表面に電気はんだめっきされたSnとBiからなる(Sn−Bi)系はんだ合金の電気はんだめっき層を有する核材料であって、
前記核は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Bi、Pb、Al、Sn、Fe、Zn、In、Ge、Sb、Co、Mn、Au、Si、Pt、Cr、La、Mo、Nb、Pd、Ti、Zr、Mgの金属単体かこれらの二種以上の合金、金属酸化物、あるいは金属混合酸化物からなり、
上記はんだめっき層中に含まれるBiの濃度比を、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
あるいは、
濃度比(%)=Biの計測値の平均の値(質量%)/目標とするBi含有量(質量%)
として表したとき、上記濃度比が、91.4〜106.7%の範囲内となされた核材料を電極上に搭載する工程と、
搭載した前記核材料を加熱することによりバンプ電極を形成する工程を含む
ことを特徴とするバンプ電極の形成方法。
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EP (1) | EP3334260B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6217836B1 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR102023821B1 (ja) |
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JP2018140436A (ja) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-09-13 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | はんだ材料、はんだペースト、フォームはんだ及びはんだ継手 |
TWI755603B (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2022-02-21 | 日商千住金屬工業股份有限公司 | Cu核球、焊接頭、焊膏及泡沫焊料 |
TWI766168B (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2022-06-01 | 日商千住金屬工業股份有限公司 | Cu核球、焊接頭、焊膏及泡沫焊料 |
US11495566B2 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2022-11-08 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Core material, electronic component and method for forming bump electrode |
US11872656B2 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2024-01-16 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Core material, electronic component and method for forming bump electrode |
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US20210130659A1 (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2021-05-06 | Sekisui Fuller Company, Ltd. | Synthetic resin composition, fire-proof material, sealing material, adhesive, and joint structure |
CN115106678B (zh) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-06-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳) | 一种高温复合钎料及其制备方法和应用 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3334260A1 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
KR102023821B1 (ko) | 2019-09-20 |
CN108172523B (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
JP2018089677A (ja) | 2018-06-14 |
KR20180065952A (ko) | 2018-06-18 |
CN108172523A (zh) | 2018-06-15 |
TWI648416B (zh) | 2019-01-21 |
TW201823482A (zh) | 2018-07-01 |
KR20190040951A (ko) | 2019-04-19 |
PT3334260T (pt) | 2020-03-06 |
US20180174991A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
EP3334260B1 (en) | 2020-01-29 |
US10381319B2 (en) | 2019-08-13 |
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