JP6216769B2 - 微細藻類により産生されるスクアレンを精製する方法 - Google Patents
微細藻類により産生されるスクアレンを精製する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6216769B2 JP6216769B2 JP2015506284A JP2015506284A JP6216769B2 JP 6216769 B2 JP6216769 B2 JP 6216769B2 JP 2015506284 A JP2015506284 A JP 2015506284A JP 2015506284 A JP2015506284 A JP 2015506284A JP 6216769 B2 JP6216769 B2 JP 6216769B2
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- squalene
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Description
スクアレンは、特に日本では、栄養補助食品として、長期にわたって使用されてきた。
スクアレンは、従来、深海のサメ肝臓から抽出される。
− スラウストキトリド(Thraustochytrid)ACEM 6063では、およそ0.1mg/gバイオマス(LEWIS et al.,Mar.Biotechnol.,2001,pp 439−447参照)、
− スキゾキトリウム マングロベイ(Schizochytrium mangrovei)FB1では、およそ0.162mg/gバイオマス(JIANG et al.,J.Agric.Food Chem.,2004,52,pp 1196−1200参照)。
− スラウストキトリド(Thraustochytrid)ACEM 6063のバイオマス1g当たり1mg〜1.2mgのスクアレン(QIAN Li et al.,J.Agric.Food Chem.,2009,57,4267−4272またはMar.Biotechnol.,2001,3,439−447のLEWIS et al.参照)。
− スキゾキトリウム(Schizochytrium)のバイオマス1g当たり0.72mgのスクアレン(G.CHEN et al.,New Biotechnology,2010,27−4,pp 382−389参照)。
− オーランチオキトリウム マングロベイ(Aurantiochytrium mangrovei)FB31のバイオマス1g当たり0.53mgのスクアレン(K.W.FAN et al.,World J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.,2010,26−3,pp 1303−1309参照)。
− スキゾキトリウム マングロベイ(Schizochytrium mangrovei)のバイオマス1g当たり1.17±0.6mgのスクアレン(C−J YUE and Y.JIANG,Process Biochemistry,2009,44,923−927参照)。
− 結晶化、
− クロマトグラフィ、
− 蒸留または
− 超臨界流体(超臨界CO2等)を使用した抽出。
本発明による方法の第1の好ましい実施形態において、下記のステップ:
1)スラウストキトリアレス(Thraustochytriales)科に属する微細藻類のバイオマスを調製するステップ、
2)少なくとも10重量%のスクアレン、好ましくは少なくとも15重量%のスクアレンを含有する粗製油を得るために、バイオマスを処理するステップ、
3)70〜75%のスクアレン含量を有する抽出物および1.5%未満のスクアレンを有するラフィネートを製造するために、このようにして得られる粗製油を、抽出物の還流を伴う向流で動作する多段式分留塔で超臨界圧の流体と接触させることにより分画するステップ、
4)95〜99重量%のスクアレン含量を得るために、このようにして得られる抽出物を、ステップ3)におけるものと同様の、抽出物の還流を伴う向流で動作する多段式分留塔で超臨界圧の流体と接触させるステップ、
5)このようにして得られるスクアレン組成物を回収するステップを含むことを特徴とする、方法が実施される。
− スキゾキトリウム(Schizochytrium sp.)参照(referenced)ATCC 20888、
− オーランチオキトリウム(Aurantiochytrium sp.)参照AT
CC PRA 276。
− グルコース、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、酵母エキスおよび様々な微量元素を含む寒天栄養培地で維持された株から出発するステップ、
− 復活したバイオマスを得るために、オービタルスターラ上の三角フラスコ内、pH6、温度25℃で、前培養を実施するステップ、
− 前培養で使用されるものと同じ培地が入っている別シリーズの生産三角フラスコに、前ステップで得られるバイオマス約0.5%(v/v)をまき、温度25℃で維持するステップ。
− バイオマスを脱塩水で、乾燥物含量6〜12%に、好ましくは乾燥物含量10〜12%に、調整すること、
− 前記微細藻類の細胞壁を破壊するために、このようにして得られるバイオマスを、アルカラーゼタイプの酵素を使用して処理すること、
− 5%(v/v)超、好ましくは約10%(v/v)のエタノールを反応混合物に加えること(水中油エマルジョンの形)、
− 水相から油を分離するために、このようにして得られる反応混合物を遠心分離すること、
− スクアレン中で濃縮された油性の上相を回収すること。
がって抽出物の一部と、油と混合されたその還流との脱混合を引き起こす。
本発明による方法の第2の好ましい実施形態で、下記のステップ:
1)スラウストキトリアレス(Thraustochytriales)科に属する微細藻類のバイオマスを調製するステップ、
2)少なくとも10重量%のスクアレン、好ましくは少なくとも15重量%のスクアレンを含有する粗製油を得るために、バイオマスを処理するステップ、
3)このようにして得られる粗製油を、脱ガム、脱酸、脱色および脱臭という一連のステップによって任意選択的に精製するステップ、
4)60重量%超、好ましくは80重量%超のスクアレン含量を有する軽質画分を得るために、いわゆる「短経路」分子蒸留によってスクアレンを抽出するステップ、
5)スクアレン含量95〜100%を有するラフィネートを得るために、鹸化、2相分離、洗浄、脱色および脱臭という一連のステップによってこの軽質画分を精製するステップ、
6)このようにして得られるスクアレン組成物を回収するステップ
を含むことを特徴とする、方法が実施される。
− 脱ガム:酸性媒体中で沈殿によりリン脂質の除去を可能にする;
− 脱酸:塩基の使用により遊離脂肪酸の中和を提供する;
− 脱色:従来、活性炭で実施される;
− 脱臭:真空蒸留、いわゆる水蒸気「ストリッピング」による。
この実施例は、出願人に属する微細藻類スキゾキトリウム(Schizochytrium sp.)(2011年4月14日に、フランスのパスツール研究所の国立微生物培養物寄託機関(Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes[National Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms])に第CNCMI−4469号で寄託された)の発酵により産生されるスクアレンを多く含む油を抽出する方法を説明する。
第1の前培養は、バッフルを備えた500ml三角フラスコ内で、COGNIS GmbH Dusseldorfにより販売されているCLEAROL FBA 3107消泡剤一滴を添加して実施した。
本来の培養を、下記の通りに20リットル反応装置で実施した。
− 培地の滅菌(沈殿の形成を避けるために、一部は反応装置内で、残りは別途)、
− 培地の0.5%v/vの比率で、第2の前培養の終わりに産生されたバイオマスを用いて実施される播種、
− 30℃に維持される培養。
− 35〜40mmol/l/時間に固定された酸素の移動率、
− 0.2〜0.3VVMの通気、
− 初期pH>5.5、
− 一度のグルコースの供給(グルコース濃度を15〜70g/lに維持するために、濃度は>20%である)。
発酵槽から取り出され、遠心分離(5000gで5分)およびバイオマスの希釈(1/3Vpellet/Vwaterの比率)により、連続した2つの濃度系列で間質可溶物から洗浄された、バイオマス。
洗浄したバイオマスを、船用プロペラおよびバッフルを備えた2リットル発酵槽タイプの実験室規模反応装置(Interscience社により販売されているもの等)内で撹拌する。
1m3発酵槽で実施される産生(実施例1のものと同様の発酵条件)から出発して、バイオマスを、Flottweg S3E Sedicanteur(清澄剤)を給送するSEEPEX容積移送型ポンプで発酵槽から抜き取る。
実施例2に従って調製される微細藻類のバイオマスからの抽出によって、スクアレン21.8%を含有する粗製油が得られる。
これは、実施例1および2に近い操作条件で、10m3発酵槽内で培養されたスキゾキトリウム(Schizochytrium)藻から産生されるスクアレン15%超を含有する油200リットルを使用した。
− C14、C16短鎖、27%まで
− C20および特にC22長鎖、43%まで、および
加えて、本質的にスクアレンから成る(〜15.5%)、この大量の不鹸化物、
と共に、トリグリセリド類を含む。
− ステップ1:スクアレンを多く含む抽出物およびスクアレンを含まないラフィネートを生じる超臨界圧の流体との接触による粗製油の分画;
− ステップ2:超臨界圧の流体との接触により、ステップ1で得られた抽出物の分画によるスクアレンの精製;
を含む。
塔の底から数えて、区域3と4の間で、塔に油を給送する。プロセスパラメータを、下表Vに提示する。
粗製油に使用したものと同様の条件ではあるが、下表VIに示す通り、圧力および温度が僅かに異なる条件で、スクアレンの超臨界分画をもう一度実施する。
Claims (12)
- 抽出物の還流を伴う向流で動作する多段式分留塔で超臨界CO2を用いた抽出、および「短経路」分子蒸留からなる群から選択される精製ステップを含むことを特徴とする、微生物の発酵により産生される高スクアレン含量を有する組成物を調製する方法であって、
前記微生物が、スラウストキトリアレス科(Thraustochytriales sp.)に属する微細藻類であり、
前記スラウストキトリアレス科(Thraustochytriales sp.)に属する微細藻類が、スキゾキトリウム種(Schizochytrium sp.)、オーランチオキトリウム種(Aurantiochytrium sp.)およびスラウストキトリウム種(Thraustochytrium sp.)の微細藻類であり、
下記のステップ:
1)スラウストキトリアレス(Thraustochytriales)科に属する微細藻類のバイオマスを調製するステップ、
2)少なくとも10重量%のスクアレンを含有する粗製油を得るために、前記バイオマスを処理するステップ、
3)70〜75%のスクアレン含量を有する抽出物、およびラフィネートを製造するために、このようにして得られる前記粗製油を、抽出物の還流を伴う向流で動作する多段式分留塔で超臨界圧の流体と接触させることにより分画するステップ、
4)95〜99重量%のスクアレン含量を得るために、このようにして得られる前記抽出物を、ステップ3)におけるものと同様の、抽出物の還流を伴う向流で動作する多段式分留塔で超臨界圧の流体と接触させるステップ、
5)このようにして得られる前記スクアレン組成物を回収するステップ、
を含むことを特徴とする、微生物の発酵により産生される高スクアレン含量を有する組成物を調製する方法。 - 前記向流で動作する多段式分留塔が、構造化パッキングを備えた塔であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ3)で使用される前記超臨界圧の流体を、圧力10〜50MPa、および温度
40〜80℃に上昇させることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - ステップ4)で使用される前記超臨界圧の流体を、圧力10〜30MPa、および温度40〜80℃に上昇させることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記超臨界圧の流体が純二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 抽出物の還流を伴う向流で動作する多段式分留塔で超臨界CO 2 を用いた抽出、および「短経路」分子蒸留からなる群から選択される精製ステップを含むことを特徴とする、微生物の発酵により産生される高スクアレン含量を有する組成物を調製する方法であって、
前記微生物が、スラウストキトリアレス科(Thraustochytriales sp.)に属する微細藻類であり、
前記スラウストキトリアレス科(Thraustochytriales sp.)に属する微細藻類が、スキゾキトリウム種(Schizochytrium sp.)、オーランチオキトリウム種(Aurantiochytrium sp.)およびスラウストキトリウム種(Thraustochytrium sp.)の微細藻類であり、
下記のステップ:
1)スラウストキトリアレス(Thraustochytriales)科に属する微細藻類のバイオマスを調製するステップ、
2)少なくとも10重量%のスクワレンを含有する粗製油を得るために、前記バイオマスを処理するステップ、
3)このようにして得られる前記粗製油を、脱ガム、脱酸、脱色および脱臭という一連のステップによって、任意選択的に精製するステップ、
4)60重量%超のスクアレン含量を有する軽質画分を得るために、0.1mbar未満の値の高真空で、かつ、蒸発器の温度を、150〜250℃の範囲内で調節して行う「短経路」分子蒸留によって前記スクアレンを抽出するステップ、
5)スクアレン含量95〜100%を有するラフィネートを得るために、鹸化、2相分離、洗浄、脱色および脱臭という一連のステップによってこの軽質画分を精製するステップ、
6)このようにして得られる前記スクアレン組成物を回収するステップ、
を含むことを特徴とする、微生物の発酵により産生される高スクアレン含量を有する組成物を調製する方法。 - 「短経路」が1分未満の期間、接触することを意味することを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ステップ4)の分子蒸留を、蒸発チャンバ内の圧力を、10 −2 〜10 −4 mbarの範囲内で調節して行うことを特徴とする、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- ステップ2)のバイオマスを処理するステップは、
−バイオマスを脱塩水で、乾燥物含量6〜12%に調整するステップ、
−前記微細藻類の細胞壁を破壊するために、このようにして得られるバイオマスを、アルカラーゼタイプの酵素を使用して処理するステップ、
−5%(v/v)超のエタノールを反応混合物に加えるステップ、
−水相から油を分離するために、このようにして得られる反応混合物を遠心分離するステップ、
−スクアレンが濃縮された油性の上相を回収するステップ、
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項により得られるスクアレン組成物の、化粧品分野、製薬分野および医学分野における使用。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法を実施することによって得られる前記高純度スクアレン組成物の水素化により、スクアランを多く含む組成物を調製する方法。
- 請求項11に記載のスクアラン組成物の、化粧品分野における使用。
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CN106588542A (zh) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-04-26 | 宁波大红鹰生物工程股份有限公司 | 一种植物角鲨烯浓缩液及其制备方法 |
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FR2933403B1 (fr) | 2008-07-07 | 2010-08-27 | Sophim | Procede d'extration de squalene, de stereols et de vitamine e contenus dans des condensats de raffinage physique et/ou dans des distillats de desodorisation d'huiles vegetales |
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CN104245076A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
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EP2838630A2 (fr) | 2015-02-25 |
CA2869358A1 (fr) | 2013-10-24 |
WO2013156720A2 (fr) | 2013-10-24 |
US9346722B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 |
CN104245076B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
US20150140030A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
WO2013156720A3 (fr) | 2014-01-09 |
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KR102192410B1 (ko) | 2020-12-17 |
CN105296552A (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
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