JP6173915B2 - 感染症、自己免疫疾患、同種因子に対する免疫応答、アレルギー性疾患、腫瘍、移植片拒絶反応、および、遺伝子療法または遺伝子ワクチン接種のために使用されるウイルスベクターに対する免疫応答の予防および/または治療における使用のための免疫原性ペプチド - Google Patents
感染症、自己免疫疾患、同種因子に対する免疫応答、アレルギー性疾患、腫瘍、移植片拒絶反応、および、遺伝子療法または遺伝子ワクチン接種のために使用されるウイルスベクターに対する免疫応答の予防および/または治療における使用のための免疫原性ペプチド Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、免疫原性ペプチドに関し、さらに、感染症、自己免疫疾患、同種因子に対する免疫応答、アレルギー性疾患、腫瘍、移植片拒絶反応、および、遺伝子療法または遺伝子ワクチン接種のために使用されるウイルスベクターに対する免疫応答を治療する際の免疫原性ペプチドの使用に関する。
哺乳類の多くの疾患の治療は、特定の医薬が存在しないことにより限定されている。
ナチュラルキラーT(NKT)細胞は、非古典的MHC複合体分子CD1dにより提示された抗原を認識する、非従来Tリンパ球の明確なサブセットを構成する。NKT細胞の2つのサブセットが現在記載される。インバリアントNKT細胞(iNKT)とも呼ばれる1型NKT細胞は、最も豊富である。それらは、マウスではVa14、ヒトではVa24であるインバリアントα鎖からなるa−βT細胞受容体(TCR)の存在により特徴付けられる。このα鎖は、可変的であるが、限定的な数のβ鎖に結合する。2型NKT細胞は、a−βTCRを有するが、多形のa鎖を伴う。しかしながら、その表現型は未だ完全に規定されていないが、CD1d分子との関連で提示される糖脂質により活性化されるという特徴を共有する、NKT細胞の他のサブセットが存在することは明らかである。
(4)臓器移植前の特異的CD4+NKT細胞の欠失を含む、治療目的。
本発明は、対象における細胞内病原体による感染症の、当該細胞内病原体に由来する特異的抗原に対する免疫応答を増加させることによる、予防および治療のための単離された免疫原性ペプチドの使用に関する。
本発明は、移植片拒絶反応の予防のための単離された免疫原性ペプチドの使用にも関する。
本発明は、一局面では、(i)病原体関連抗原に由来するNKT細胞エピトープと、(ii)チオール−オキシドレダクターゼモチーフ(簡略してチオレドックスモチーフ)とを含有する、少なくとも1つの単離された免疫原性ペプチドの、対象における上記病原体による感染症を予防および/または治療するための医薬としての使用に関する。
本発明は、少なくとも1つのCD1d拘束性T細胞エピトープを包含する疎水性ペプチドに関する。CD1d分子の構造は、CD1d間隙の末端に配置された、2つの疎水性ポケットを占有する疎水性アミノ酸残基が必要であり、脂肪族残基は、間隙の中央の位置を占有するべきであることを示す。したがって、CD1d結合配列の一般的な例として、モチーフ[FW]−xx−[ILM]−xx−[FWTH]が使用され得、式中、[FW]は、FまたはWのいずれかが第1のアンカー残基(P1)を占有し得ることを示し、P4位が、I、L、またはMのいずれかにより占有され得ることを示し、P7が、F、W、TまたはHにより占有され得ることを示す。この一般的なモデルモチーフにおけるxは、任意のアミノ酸を表わす。これらのアミノ酸残基のさまざまな組合せが可能であることは当業者には明らかであるはずである。特定の実施形態では、一般的なモデルモチーフは、[FWTH]−xx−[ILM]−xx−[FW]などの反復配列として提示され得る。
(i) 単離された天然CD4+T細胞を提供するステップと、
(ii) 当該細胞を免疫原性ペプチドと接触させるステップとを含み、免疫原性ペプチドは、CD1d分子により提示されるT細胞エピトープと、上記T細胞エピトープに隣接するか、または、最大で7個のアミノ酸のリンカーにより上記T細胞エピトープから分離された、C−XX−[CST]または[CST]−XX−Cモチーフとを含有し、方法はさらに、
(iii) 上記細胞をIL−2/IL−15および/またはIL−7の存在下で増殖させるステップを含む方法、に関する。
(i) 分離された天然CD4+T細胞を提供するステップと、
(ii) 細胞傷害性であると考えられるCD4+T細胞を提供するステップと、
(iii) ステップ(i)で提供されたT細胞と比較して、ステップ(ii)で提供されたT細胞が、上に記載した特徴を示すことを判定するステップとを含む、方法を包含する。
(i) 細胞内病原体関連抗原、自己抗原、同種因子、アレルゲン、腫瘍関連抗原、同種抗原またはウイルスベクター抗原と、(ii)チオレドックスモチーフとを含有する免疫原性ペプチドを提供するステップと、
(ii) (アジュバントの存在下で)対象に免疫原性ペプチドを投与するステップと、
(iii)CD4+NKT細胞の集団を得るステップとを含む。
ここで用いられる「ペプチド」という用語は、ペプチド結合によりつながっているが、特定の実施形態では非アミノ酸構造(たとえば、連結有機化合物など)を含有し得る、2から200個の間のアミノ酸のアミノ酸配列を含有する分子を指す。本発明に従うペプチドは、従来の20個のアミノ酸のいずれか、もしくはそれらの修飾型を含有し得るか、または、化学ペプチド合成もしくは化学修飾もしくは酵素修飾により取込まれた非天然起源のアミノ酸を含有し得る。
本発明は、対象において、細胞内病原体による感染症を予防または治療するための方法を提供する。本発明はさらに、自己免疫疾患、同種因子の投与後またはアレルゲンに対する免疫応答を予防および治療するための方法を提供する。本発明はさらに、腫瘍を治療する、移植片拒絶反応を予防する、さらに、ウイルスベクターに対する免疫応答を予防するための方法を提供する。
(i) 増加したサイトカイン産生
(ii) 抗原提示細胞の増加した接触依存的かつ可溶性因子依存的な除去、を含む。
次に、ペプチドは、たとえば、当該技術分野で周知であるfmoc固相合成を用いた合成により製造することができる。
より特定的には、このようなアルゴリズムにより、CD1d分子の溝内に嵌まる1以上のペプチド配列の抗原性タンパク質内の予測が可能になる。
フランキング残基中にCD1d拘束性T細胞エピトープおよびチオレダクターゼモチーフを含有するペプチドによる免疫化による、第VIII因子に特異的なクラスII拘束性CD4+T細胞の活性化の制御
フランキング残基内にCD1d拘束性NKT細胞エピトープおよびC−XX−Cチオレダクターゼモチーフを含有する(配列番号1)、ペプチド2196 50μgにより、BALB/c第VIII因子KOマウス(A群)を1週間間隔で4回免疫化した。
次に、ヒト第VIII因子を、1週間に分けた5回の機会に、1回注入当たり10IUを用いた皮下経路により注入した。最後の免疫化後10日目にマウスを屠殺し、脾臓CD4+T細胞を磁気細胞分離により調製した。このような細胞を免疫化ペプチドおよび第VIII因子によりインビトロで2回刺激し、その後、IL−4およびIFNγの産生による測定により、それらの活性化状態を評価した。コントロール群(B)を同じプロトコルに従って処置したが、ペプチドワクチン接種は受けなかった。
実施例−2
CD1d拘束性NKT細胞エピトープおよびチオレダクターゼモチーフを含有するペプチドによる免疫化による抗Ad5IgG抗体応答の抑制
C57BL/6マウス(n=6)を、1週間間隔で行なったミョウバン中の配列番号2のペプチド50μgの4回の皮下注入により免疫化した。
このようなペプチドは、フランキング残基中に、アデノウイルス5(Ad5)のヘキソンタンパク質のCD1d拘束性NKT細胞エピトープおよびチオレダクターゼモチーフを含有する。マウスのコントロール群(n=6)は、ペプチドの代わりにミョウバン中の生理血清を受けた。次に、すべてのマウスは、1週間に分けて、IV経路により109Ad5ウイルス粒子の注入を2回受けた。最後のAd5注入後10日目に、マウスを出血させて、Ad5粒子に対する全IgG抗体の濃度を直接結合ELISAで測定した。簡潔に述べると、Ad5ウイルス粒子をポリスチレンプレート上に不溶化させ、続いて、マウス血清の希釈により洗浄およびインキュベートした。二度目の洗浄後、マウス抗Ad5抗体の結合を、ヤギ抗血清のマウスIgGへの添加により検出した。ペプチドで事前処置したマウス(黒色ヒストグラム、図2)は、有意な量の抗体を産生しなかったが、非免疫化マウス(白抜きヒストグラム)は、二度目のAd5注入の後に活発な応答を生じる。結果は、平均+SEMとして任意の単位で示す。
実施例−3
チオレダクターゼモチーフを含有するCD1d拘束性NKTエピトープを包含するペプチドによるマウス免疫化により惹起されたCD4+NKT細胞による腫瘍細胞のアポトーシスの誘発
C57BL/6マウス(n=6)を、1週間間隔で行なったミョウバン中の配列番号3のペプチド50μgの4回の皮下注入により免疫化した。
このようなペプチドは、フランキング残基中に、オバルブミンに由来するCD1d拘束性NKT細胞エピトープおよびチオレダクターゼモチーフを含有する。マウスのコントロール群(n=6)は、ペプチドの代わりにミョウバン中の生理血清を受けた。最後の免疫化後10日目に、マウスを屠殺し、磁気細胞分離により、脾臓CD4+NKT細胞を調製した。このような細胞を免疫化ペプチドによりインビトロで2回刺激し、その後、IL−4およびIFNγの産生による測定により、活性化状態を評価した。
MOG特異的CD4+NKTリンパ球の検出のためのCD1d分子の三量体の使用
多発性硬化症は、ミエリンオリゴデンドロサイト糖タンパク質(MOG)などの自己抗原に対するCD4+NKT細胞が重要な役割を果たす可能性の高い、慢性的脱髄疾患である。その実験等価物であるEAE(実験的自己免疫脳脊髄炎)は、ヒト疾患の特徴の大部分を模倣し、病原性メカニズムを理解し、新たな治療を描写するために用いられる。
未分化リンパ腫キナーゼ(ALK)に由来するCD1d拘束性NKT細胞エピトープで惹起したNKT細胞によるH−2b腫瘍細胞(R113)の直接的死滅
未分化リンパ腫キナーゼは、個体発生中に多くの細胞上で発現されるが、成体期の外肺葉起源の腫瘍上にのみ発現される膜貫通型受容体チロシンキナーゼである。したがって、それは、動物モデルおよびヒト腫瘍の両方に示されるような外肺葉起源のすべての腫瘍に直接関連するオンコジーンとして考えられる。たとえば、ヒト乳癌の60%以下がALKを発現する。マウス起源のALK+腫瘍細胞株が入手可能であり、本発明のALK特異的細胞溶解CD4+T細胞が腫瘍細胞を死滅させることが可能であるかどうかを評価するのに用いられ得る。
NKT細胞自体が細胞溶解活性を有するため、我々は、チオレドックスモチーフ(WLQIVTWWGPGS)なしで、天然配列の同じCD1d拘束性NKTエピトープに曝露することにより、並行実験で刺激された細胞を含めた。
(1) ペプチドは、CD1d決定因子と関連して提示され得る。
これらのデータは、NKT細胞に曝露されたとき、第2の無関係の腫瘍細胞株がアポトーシスへと誘発され得、この効果は、NKT細胞が、フランキング残基内にチオレダクターゼモチーフを含有するCD1d拘束性エピトープに曝露されることにより刺激されたときに有意に増加することを示唆している。
CD1d結合およびチオレダクターゼモチーフを含有するペプチドによる予備免疫化によるEAEの予防
EAE(実験的自己免疫脳脊髄炎)は、中枢神経系脱髄が起こり、多発性硬化腫の実験同等物として考えられるモデル疾患である。少数の自己抗原が疾患の惹起および維持に関与すると考えられ、その中にMOG(ミエリンオリゴデンドロサイト糖タンパク質)がある。疾患は、MOGアミノ酸35〜55を包含するCD4+T細胞エピトープを使用して、MOG免疫化によりC57BL/6マウスにおいて惹起され得る。
GAD65由来ペプチドによる突発性インスリン依存型糖尿病の予防および抑制
非肥満(NOD)マウスは、突発性インスリン依存型肥満のための好適な動物モデルとなる。このような動物では、ヒトと同様に、自己抗原グルタミン酸デカルボキシラーゼ(GAD65)に対する早期免疫応答が、インスリン炎が見られる時点で観察され、応答はそれから分子内および分子間拡散により延長する。新生仔へのタンパク質の投与によりGAD65への耐性を誘発することにより、糖尿病の発症が予防される。
アレルゲンDer p 1への曝露により誘発される喘息の予防
イエダニD. pteronyssinusからのアレルゲンは、アレルギー性喘息にしばしば関与する。Der p 1は、D. pteronyssinusの主なアレルゲンである。Der p 1の配列は、アミノ酸配列38から44に相当するCD1d結合モチーフを含有する。配列WAFSGVAATESのペプチドおよびチオレダクターゼモチーフを含有するその相当物が、合成により製造される。したがって、配列番号8 CGPCGGFSGVAATESのペプチドは、チオレダクターゼモチーフ(下線部分)およびモチーフとCD1d結合モチーフとの間の2つのグリシンのリンカーを含有する。
Claims (16)
- 単離された免疫原性ペプチドであって、前記免疫原性ペプチドは、
(1) 抗原性タンパク質の[FWHY]−xx−[ILMV]−xx−[FWHY]モチーフを有するナチュラルキラーT(NKT)細胞エピトープと、
(2) 前記NKT細胞エピトープのすぐ隣に隣接するか、または、最大で7個のアミノ酸のリンカーにより前記NKT細胞エピトープから分離された、チオレダクターゼ[CST]−xx−CまたはC−xx−[CST]モチーフと、
(3) ペプチドのNおよび/またはC末端において10個以下のアミノ酸の任意のフランキングアミノ酸配列とからなり、
ここにおいて、抗原性タンパク質は、自己抗原、同種因子、アレルゲン、移植片より脱落した同種抗原、細胞内病原体の抗原、ならびに、遺伝子療法もしくは遺伝子ワクチン接種のために使用されるウイルスベクターからの抗原からなる群から選ばれ、
ここにおいて、前記抗原性タンパク質は、その天然の配列において前記NKT細胞エピトープに隣接するNまたはC末端に11個のアミノ酸の[CST]−xx−CまたはC−xx−[CST]モチーフを含まない、ペプチド。 - 前記NKT細胞エピトープは、[FW]−xx−[ILMV]−xx−[FW]モチーフを有する、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 前記チオレダクターゼモチーフは、配列C−XX−Cを有する、請求項1または2に記載のペプチド。
- 医薬としての使用のための、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のペプチド、または、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のペプチドをコードする核酸。
- 細胞内病原体による感染症、自己免疫疾患、同種因子またはアレルゲン曝露に対する免疫応答、同種移植片拒絶反応、および、遺伝子療法または遺伝子ワクチン接種のために用いられるウイルスベクターに対する免疫応答からなる群から選択される病状に対する薬剤であって、前記薬剤は、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のペプチドを含有するか、または、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のペプチドをコードする核酸を含有する、薬剤。
- 哺乳類における、細胞内病原体による感染症、自己免疫疾患、同種因子またはアレルゲン曝露に対する免疫応答、同種移植片拒絶反応、および、遺伝子療法または遺伝子ワクチン接種のために用いられるウイルスベクターに対する免疫応答からなる群から選択される病状の予防または治療のための医薬組成物であって、前記医薬組成物は、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のペプチドを含有するか、または、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のペプチドをコードする核酸を含有する、医薬組成物。
- CD4+Tリンパ球の検出、調製および欠失のための請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のペプチドのインビトロでの使用。
- NKT細胞活性化を惹起することの可能なペプチドを調製するための方法であって、前記方法は、
(1) [FWHY]−xx−[ILMV]−xx−[FWHY]モチーフを含有するNKT細胞エピトープを有する抗原性タンパク質のペプチド配列を提供するステップと、
(2) チオレダクターゼ[CST]−xx−CまたはC−xx−[CST]モチーフを含有する配列を、前記ペプチド配列に、前記チオレダクターゼモチーフおよび前記NKT細胞エピトープが互いのすぐ隣に隣接するか、または、最大で7個のアミノ酸のリンカーにより分離されるように連結させるステップと、
(3) 任意に、ペプチドのNおよび/またはC末端において10個以下のアミノ酸のフランキングアミノ酸配列をさらに連結させるステップとを含む、方法。 - チオレダクターゼC−xx−Cモチーフを有する配列を、前記ペプチド配列に連結させるステップを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記抗原は、その天然の配列において前記NKT細胞エピトープに隣接するNまたはC末端に11個のアミノ酸の[CST]−xx−CまたはC−xx−[CST]モチーフを含まない、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 抗原特異的CD4+NKT細胞の集団を得るためのインビトロの方法であって、前記方法は、
インビトロで末梢血細胞を免疫原性ペプチドと接触させるステップを含み、前記免疫原性ペプチドは、(1)抗原性タンパク質の[FWHY]−xx−[ILMV]−xx−[FWHY]モチーフを有するNKT細胞エピトープと、(2)前記NKT細胞エピトープのすぐ隣に隣接するか、または、最大で7個のアミノ酸のリンカーにより前記NKT細胞エピトープから分離された、チオレダクターゼC−XX−[CST]または[CST]−XX−Cモチーフと、(3)ペプチドのNおよび/またはC末端において10個以下のアミノ酸の任意のフランキングアミノ酸配列とからなり、前記方法はさらに、
IL−2またはIL−15またはIL−7の存在下で前記細胞を増殖させるステップであって、ここにおいて前記抗原性タンパク質は、自己抗原、同種因子、アレルゲン、移植片より脱落した同種抗原、細胞内病原体の抗原、または、遺伝子療法もしくは遺伝子ワクチン接種のために使用されるウイルスベクターからの抗原である、ステップを含む、方法。 - 前記チオレダクターゼモチーフがCxxCである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 請求項11または12に記載の方法により得られる、抗原特異的CD4+NKT細胞の集団。
- 医薬としての請求項13に記載の抗原特異的CD4+NKT細胞の集団。
- 細胞内病原体による感染症、自己免疫応答、同種因子に対する免疫反応、アレルゲンに対する免疫応答、同種移植片拒絶反応、または、遺伝子療法もしくは遺伝子ワクチン接種のために用いられるウイルスタンパク質に対する免疫応答からなる群から選択される病状に対する薬剤であって、前記薬剤は、請求項13に記載の抗原特異的CD4+NKT細胞の集団を含有する、薬剤。
- 細胞内病原体による感染症、自己免疫応答、および同種因子に対する免疫反応、アレルゲンに対する免疫応答、同種移植片拒絶反応、および、遺伝子療法または遺伝子ワクチン接種に用いられるウイルスタンパク質に対する免疫応答からなる群から選択される病状の予防または治療のための医薬組成物であって、前記医薬組成物は、請求項13に記載の抗原特異的CD4+NKT細胞の集団を含有する、医薬組成物。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP10192559.2 | 2010-11-25 | ||
EP10192559 | 2010-11-25 | ||
PCT/EP2011/070898 WO2012069568A2 (en) | 2010-11-25 | 2011-11-24 | Immunogenic peptides for use in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, immune responses to allofactors, allergic diseases, tumors, graft rejection and immune responses against viral vectors used for gene therapy or gene vaccination |
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