JP6139405B2 - 有機発光デバイスおよび方法 - Google Patents
有機発光デバイスおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6139405B2 JP6139405B2 JP2013515961A JP2013515961A JP6139405B2 JP 6139405 B2 JP6139405 B2 JP 6139405B2 JP 2013515961 A JP2013515961 A JP 2013515961A JP 2013515961 A JP2013515961 A JP 2013515961A JP 6139405 B2 JP6139405 B2 JP 6139405B2
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- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Description
図1は、例示的なOLEDの第1のエネルギー移動機構を示す。疑わしさを回避するために、本明細書では図1を含むエネルギー準位の図には、目盛りを記載していない。図1は、一重項励起状態のエネルギー準位S1Eおよび一重項基底状態のエネルギー準位S0Eを有する発光ポリマーが配されたOLEDのエネルギー移動を示している。エネルギーS1Eを有する一重項励起子は、図1のS1EとS0Eの間の実線矢印によって示した蛍光発光hvによって減衰する。三重項と三重項励起子の相互反応または三重項と一重項励起子の相互反応は、発光ポリマーの上に、「超励起」状態を作り出すことができる。いかなる理論にも拘泥するものではないが、発光ポリマー上にこれらの高エネルギーの「超励起」状態が形成されることは、ポリマーの操作寿命にとって有害になり得ると思われる。しかし、T1Eより低い励起三重項状態のエネルギー準位T1Aを有する三重項受容単位を提供することによって、クエンチのために三重項励起子を三重項受容単位に移動させることが可能になり、これは、図1の点線で示したスピン禁制過程であるT1EからS0Eへの放射減衰の代替となる。S1およびT1準位は、それぞれ蛍光およびリン光スペクトルから測定され得る。
図2は、例示的なOLEDの第2のエネルギー移動機構を示す。
i)三重項吸収材料は、T1A上の三重項励起子が、相対的に長い寿命τTAを有するように選択することができる。相対的に長い寿命とは、S0Aへの減衰速度が相対的に緩慢であることを意味するだけでなく、TTAの確率が相対的に高いことを意味している。
ii)発光層における三重項吸収材料の濃度は、相対的に高く、例えば1mol%超、例えば1〜10mol%の範囲であってよい。
iii)2つ以上の三重項受容材料は、例えば式(II)の単位に関して以下に記載の通り、近接して配されることができる。
使用される三重項受容単位は、発光ポリマーおよび発光組成物の任意の他の成分に化学的には結合しないが、物理的に混合される化合物であってよい。あるいは、三重項受容単位は、直接的にまたはスペーサー基を介して組成物の成分に結合することができ、特に共有結合することができる。
PG−重合可能な単位−PG
|
三重項吸収単位
式中、PGは、前述の脱離基などの重合可能な基、または重合可能な二重結合を表す。
TAU−スペーサー−TAU
(II)
式中、「TAU」は、式(I)の三重項受容単位を表し、スペーサーは、共役しているか、または共役していないスペーサー基である。スペーサー基は、2つの三重項受容TAU基を分離し、好ましくはそれらの電子的な特徴を分離する(例えば、HOMOとLUMO)。共役および軌道の重なりの正確な性質に応じて、Spは、任意選択により、置換されているフェニル、ビフェニルまたはフルオレンなどの1つまたは複数のアリーレン基またはヘテロアリーレン基を含むことができる。あるいは、Spは、任意選択により、アルキルなどの共役していない連結基、またはTAU基とTAU基の間に共役経路を提供しない別の分子の連結を含むことができる。
(TAU−スペーサー)m
(IIb)
式中、mは、少なくとも2である。このオリゴマーまたはポリマーは、発光ポリマーと混合することができ、またはポリマー主鎖内に配されることができる。
発光ポリマーは、発光繰返し単位を含む発光ホモポリマーであってよく、または例えばWO00/55927に開示の通り、発光繰返し単位と、正孔輸送および/または電子輸送繰返し単位などのさらなる繰返し単位を含むコポリマーであってもよい。各繰返し単位は、ポリマーの主鎖または側鎖に配される。
伝導性有機材料または無機材料から形成することができる伝導性正孔注入層を、陽極2およびエレクトロルミネセント層3の間に提供して、陽極から半導体ポリマーの1つまたは複数の層に正孔を注入するのに役立てることができる。
正孔輸送層は、陽極およびエレクトロルミネセント層の間に提供することができる。同様に、電子輸送層は、陰極およびエレクトロルミネセント層の間に提供することができる。
陰極4は、エレクトロルミネセント層に電子を注入することができる仕事関数を有する材料から選択される。陰極とエレクトロルミネセント材料との間に有害な相互反応が生じる可能性があるなどの他の因子も、陰極の選択に影響を及ぼす。陰極は、アルミニウム層などの単一材料からなることができる。
光学デバイスは、湿気および酸素に感受性が高い傾向がある。したがって基板は、好ましくは、デバイスへの湿気および酸素の侵入を防止するための良好なバリア特性を有する。基板は、一般にガラスであるが、特にデバイスの可撓性が望ましい場合には、代替の基板を使用することができる。例えば、基板は、プラスチック層とバリア層が交互になった基板を開示している米国特許第6268695号にみられるようなプラスチック、または欧州特許第0949850号に開示されている薄いガラスおよびプラスチックのラミネートを含むことができる。
発光層3は、真空蒸着および溶媒中溶液からの堆積を含む任意の方法によって堆積させることができる。発光層が、ポリフルオレンなどのポリアリーレンを含む場合、溶液堆積に適した溶媒には、トルエンおよびキシレンなどのモノ−またはポリ−アルキルベンゼンが含まれる。特に好ましい溶液堆積技術には、印刷技術およびコーティング技術、好ましくはスピンコーティングおよびインクジェット印刷が含まれる。
三重項をクエンチする単位を形成するためのモノマーを、以下の方法に従って調製した。
モノマー1を、WO00/53656に記載の鈴木重合によって、トリアリールアミンおよびフルオレンのコモノマーと重合して、式(V)のアミン繰返し単位および式(IV)のフルオレン繰返し単位を含むコポリマーを形成した。
三重項をクエンチする材料11を、以下の方法に従って調製した。
以下の構造を有するデバイスを形成した。
ITO/HIL/HTL/EL/MF/Al
ITOは、酸化インジウムスズ陽極を表し、HILは、35nmの正孔注入層であり、HTLは、式(IV)のフルオレン繰返し単位および式(V)のアミン繰返し単位を含むポリマーの、15nmの正孔輸送層であり、ELは、三重項受容材料とブレンドした、式(IV)のフルオレン繰返し単位および式(V)のアミン繰返し単位を含む発光ポリマーを含むエレクトロルミネセント層(70nm)であり、MFは、フッ化金属であり、MF/Alの二層は、デバイスの陰極を形成する。HIL、HTLおよびEL層は、溶液から組成物をスピンコーティングし、溶媒を蒸発させることによって堆積させた。
デバイス実施例1の通りにしてデバイスを形成した。このデバイスでは、HTLは、50:50molのコポリマーF8−TFB(ポリ−(9,9−ジオクチルフルオレン−N−(4−(2−ブチル)フェニル)−ジフェニルアミン))を含み、ELは、三重項をクエンチする添加物であるDPVBi(4,4’−ビス(2,2’ジフェニルビニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル)とブレンドした(1%mol比)95:5molのコポリマーF8−PFB(ポリ−(9,9’−ジオクチルフルオレン−co−ビス−N,N’−(4−ブチルフェニル)−ビス−N,N’−フェニル−1,4−フェニレンジアミン))を含む。
Claims (20)
- 以下の式(IIb)で表される繰り返し単位を含む三重項受容オリゴマーまたはポリマーと、蛍光発光ポリマーと、を含む組成物であって、
(IIb) (TAU−スペーサー)m
(式中、「TAU」は三重項受容単位を、「スペーサー」はスペーサー基を表し、mは少なくとも2である。)
ここで、T 1 E>T 1 Aであり、
T 1 Eは、蛍光発光ポリマーの三重項励起状態のエネルギー準位を表し、
T 1 Aは、三重項受容オリゴマーまたはポリマーの三重項励起状態のエネルギー準位を表す、前記組成物。 - スペーサーがアリーレン基またはヘテロアリーレン基から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- スペーサーが置換されているフェニル、ビフェニルまたはフルオレンから選択される、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記三重項受容オリゴマーまたはポリマーがポリマーであり、前記TAUが以下の式で表される繰り返し単位から選択される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(式中、*は、繰返し単位を連結してポリマー鎖にするための連結点を示し、Akはアルキル、Rは、Hまたは置換基である) - 前記三重項受容オリゴマーまたはポリマーがポリマーであり、前記TAUが以下の式で表される化合物の一つから形成される繰り返し単位である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 該三重項受容単位が、1以上の可溶化基で置換されている、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 該可溶化基がアルキルおよびアルコキシから選択される、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 該発光ポリマーがアリールアミン繰返し単位を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 該アリールアミン繰返し単位が、以下の式(V)で表される単位である、請求項8に記載の組成物。
(式中、Ar1およびAr2は、置換されてもよいアリール基またはヘテロアリール基であり、nは、1以上であり、Rは、Hまたは置換基である。) - nが1または2である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 該発光ポリマーがアリールまたはヘテロアリール繰返し単位を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 該発光ポリマーが、以下の式(IV)の繰返し単位を含む、請求項11に記載の組成物。
(式中、R1およびR2は、独立に、Hまたは置換基であり、R1およびR2は、連結されて、環を形成することができる。)
- 400〜500nmの範囲のフォトルミネセント発光ピーク波長を有する、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 該三重項受容単位がペリレンを含まない、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 溶媒および請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含む配合物。
- 陽極と、陰極と、陽極および陰極の間の発光層とを含む、有機発光デバイスであって、該発光層は請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含む、該有機発光デバイス。
- 請求項16に記載の有機発光デバイスを形成する方法であって、請求項15に記載の配合物を堆積させるステップおよび溶媒を蒸発させるステップを含む、該方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の、三重項受容単位および発光ポリマーを含む組成物における、発光ポリマーによって発生した三重項励起子を受容するための単位の使用。
- 該三重項受容単位は、発光ポリマーによって発生した三重項励起子をクエンチする、請求項18に記載の使用。
- 該三重項受容単位は、発光ポリマーから三重項受容単位に移動した三重項励起子の三重項−三重項消滅を媒介する、請求項18に記載の使用。
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2011
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- 2011-06-24 KR KR1020137001917A patent/KR101888705B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112011102125T5 (de) | 2013-04-25 |
KR101916480B1 (ko) | 2019-01-07 |
DE112011102125B4 (de) | 2022-06-15 |
GB201101642D0 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
JP2013531100A (ja) | 2013-08-01 |
JP5812302B2 (ja) | 2015-11-11 |
GB201408305D0 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
KR20130097708A (ko) | 2013-09-03 |
JP6018052B2 (ja) | 2016-11-02 |
JP2013538242A (ja) | 2013-10-10 |
JP2013538438A (ja) | 2013-10-10 |
KR101888705B1 (ko) | 2018-08-14 |
GB2515182B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
GB2499969A (en) | 2013-09-11 |
GB2515182A (en) | 2014-12-17 |
KR20140000660A (ko) | 2014-01-03 |
JP2013539198A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
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