JP6124789B2 - 発泡剤、発泡性組成物、及びフォーム - Google Patents
発泡剤、発泡性組成物、及びフォーム Download PDFInfo
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- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3442—Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
- B29C44/3446—Feeding the blowing agent
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4018—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/48
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/18—Binary blends of expanding agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
[0002]本発明は、ポリマーフォームを形成するための組成物、システム、及び方法などの、発泡剤、発泡性材料、及びフォームとしての有用性を有する組成物、方法、及びシステムに関する。
[0033]発泡剤は、幾つかの基本的な環境及び毒性特性を有することが一般に望ましい。幾つかの発泡剤の幾つかの物理特性に関する情報の概要を下表1に与える。ここで用いるHBA−2という用語は、トランス−HCFO−1233zdを示し且つ意味する。
[0036]それぞれの発泡剤を加圧ポリオール流中に注入する位置又はほぼその位置に混合装置を含ませる他は図1に概して示されているタイプの第3流添加システムにおいて、液化発泡剤として、HCFC−12、HCFC−22、HFC−245fa、及びHFC−134aのそれぞれを用いる。約6重量%のHFC−245fa発泡剤を、低圧ポリオール容器内に含ませる。用いる処理条件は、下表2において報告するものと同じである。実質的に均一な混合物が噴霧装置に導入され、許容できるフォームが生成される。
[0037]図1に概して示されているタイプの第3流添加システムにおいて、液化発泡剤として、HFC−12、HFC−22、及びHFC−134aのそれぞれを用いる。それぞれの発泡剤を加圧ポリオール流中に注入する位置又はほぼその位置に、混合装置は含ませない。約6重量%のHFC−245fa発泡剤を、低圧ポリオール容器内に含ませる。用いる処理条件は、下表2において報告するものと同じである。実質的に不均一な混合物が噴霧装置に導入され、ガン内にポリオールのスラグと発泡剤が交互に現れ、許容できないフォームが生成する。
[0038]補助発泡剤をシステムに加えなかった他は図1に示す基本概要配置にしたがって、
約6重量%のHFC−245fa発泡剤を低圧ポリオール容器内に含ませる従来の噴霧フォーム装置を用いて、データの第1組を生成させる。この試験のために用いる処理条件を、表2において「245fa」の表題でまとめる。
[0039]比較例2Aに関して記載したものと同じ従来の噴霧フォーム装置を用い、低圧ポリオール容器内で同じ6重量%のHFC−245fa発泡剤を用いて、データの第2の組を生成させる。しかしながら、更に、トランス−HFO−1234zeを含む約10重量%の発泡剤(高圧ポリオール成分流の重量を基準)を、注入ポンプを用いて高圧ポリオール流に加え、次に、中間混合装置を用いないで混合流を噴霧装置中に導入する。実質的に均一な混合物が噴霧装置に導入され、許容できるフォームが生成する。この試験のために用いる処理条件を、表2において「1234ze/245fa」の表題でまとめる。
[0041]HFCO−1233zdを、商業的に処理した噴霧フォーム試料の長期間経時変化、フォームマトリクス中での溶解度、及び245faとのブレンドとしての使用に関して評価する。噴霧フォーム産業においては、通常は6月経時変化後のλを考察する。下表4は、この長期間経時変化研究において用いる配合物の概要を含む。この研究のために調製したフォームを、表5に示す処理条件下で噴霧した。グラフ7におけるデータは、同等の速度で経時変化させたHBA−2及び245faのフォーム、並びに商業的な装置を通して噴霧したHBA−2のフォームは、未だ、試験した245faフォームよりも良好な経時変化後のλを示すことを示す。
Claims (13)
- (a)第1の反応性成分を含む第1の圧力の第1の流体をドラム又は容器内に与え;
(b)前記ドラム又は容器から排出される液体流の形態の前記第1の流体の少なくとも一部の圧力を上昇させて、第1の反応性成分を含む大気圧よりも高い第2の流れを生成させ;
(c)前記第2の流れの中に大気圧よりも高い圧力で注入することによって、1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234ze)及び/又は1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(HFCO−1233zd)を含む液体発泡剤組成物を導入して、大気圧よりも高い圧力で、前記発泡剤を含む第3の流れを生成させ;そして
(d)前記第3の流れの少なくとも一部を、第1の反応性成分と反応性である成分を含む第4の流れと混合して、混合した反応性の流れを生成させる;
ことを含む熱硬化性フォームを形成する方法であって、
前記第1の反応性成分がポリオールを含み、前記液体発泡剤が前記第1の流体の全重量に基づいて1〜30重量%の量で存在する、方法。 - (a)第1の流れのポリオール成分を含む第1の圧力の第1のドラム又は容器、及びイソシアネート成分を含む第2の圧力の第2のドラム又は容器を与え;
(b)第1のドラム又は容器からポリオール成分の一部を排出してポンプに導入することによって、ポリオール成分の一部の圧力を増大させて、大気圧よりも高い圧力を有する第2の流れのポリオール成分を生成させ;
(c)第2の流れの中に注入によって、大気圧よりも高い圧力を有する液体発泡剤組成物を導入して、大気圧よりも高い圧力を有し前記発泡剤およびポリオール成分を含む第3の液体流れを生成させ;そして
(d)第2のドラム又は容器からイソシアネート成分の一部を排出してポンプに導入することによって、イソシアネート成分の一部の圧力を増大させて、大気圧よりも高い圧力を有する第4の流れのイソシアネート成分を生成させ;
(e)ミキサーにおいて第3の流れの少なくとも一部を第4の流れと混合して、混合物がフォームを形成する;
ことを含む熱硬化性フォームを形成する方法であって、
前記液体発泡剤組成物が、1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO−1234ze)及び/又は1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(HFCO−1233zd)を含み、
前記液体発泡剤が前記第1の流れの全重量に基づいて1〜30重量%の量で存在する、方法。 - 前記液体発泡剤組成物がトランスHFO−1234zeを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記液体発泡剤組成物がトランスHFCO−1233zdを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記液体発泡剤が液体共発泡剤を更に含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記液体共発泡剤が、ヒドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)、ヒドロフルオロオレフィン(HFO)、ヒドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFC)またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記液体共発泡剤が、水;1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245fa);1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロブタン(HFC−365mfc);1−フルオロ−1,1−ジクロロエタン(HCFC−141b);シス−1,1,1,4,4,4−ヘキサフルオロ−2−ブテン;及びこれらの任意の2以上の組合せ;からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 第1の液体の流れが、共発泡剤、共溶媒、界面活性剤、ポリマー変性剤、着色剤、染料、溶解度向上剤、流動性調節剤、可塑剤、難燃剤、可燃性抑制剤、抗菌剤、粘度低下調節剤、充填剤、蒸気圧調節剤、成核剤、触媒、ポリオール、イソシアネート、安定剤、及びこれらの2以上の任意の組合せからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の助剤を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記熱硬化性フォームがポリウレタンフォーム、ポリイソシアヌレートフォーム、フェノールフォーム、またはこれらの組み合わせである、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記フォームは、
(i)ブロック、スラブ、積層体、硬質フォーム、独立気泡フォーム、軟質フォーム;
(ii)噴霧適用フォーム、冷蔵庫用フォーム、冷凍庫用フォーム、給湯器用フォーム等の電化製品用フォーム;
(iii)不連続又は連続パネル用フォーム又は断熱輸送容器用フォーム等の注入フォーム;
である、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記フォームは、噴霧適用フォームである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記フォームは、不連続又は連続パネル用フォームである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記混合装置は、静的ミキサー、高圧ミキサー、又は衝突ミキサーである、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の方法。
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US13/210,188 US20120046372A1 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2011-08-15 | Blowing agents, foamable compositions and foams |
US13/210,188 | 2011-08-15 | ||
PCT/US2011/047855 WO2012024259A2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2011-08-16 | Blowing agents, foamable compositions and foams |
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ITMI20120571A1 (it) | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-07 | Versalis Spa | "procedimento per l'adduzione e il trasporto di additivi labili in correnti di materiale fuso" |
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JP7045802B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-27 | 2022-04-01 | 株式会社カネカ | スチレン系樹脂押出発泡体およびその製造方法 |
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