JP6124267B2 - フィブロネクチン3型ドメインに基づくスカフォールド組成物、方法及び使用 - Google Patents
フィブロネクチン3型ドメインに基づくスカフォールド組成物、方法及び使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
and Pluckthun 2005)。
障害(CDC)、Fc受容体結合、抗体依存性細胞性細胞障害(ADCC)、食作用、細胞表面受容体(例えば、B細胞受容体、BCR)の下方制御などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。このようなエフェクター機能は、結合ドメイン(例えば、タンパク質スカフォールドループ)と結合するFc領域を必要とする場合があり、様々な試験法(例えば、Fc結合アッセイ、ADCCアッセイ、CDCアッセイなど)を用いて評価することができる。
トを含む)で測定し、又は効果を及ぼして、免疫疾患若しくは疾病、循環器疾患若しくは疾病、感染性、悪性、及び/若しくは神経性疾患若しくは疾病、又は他の既知の若しくは特定の関連症状の少なくとも1つから選択されるが、これらに限定されない、少なくとも1つの疾病又は症状を診断する、モニタする、調節する、処置する、緩和する、発生を予防するのを助ける、又は症状を低減することができる。
本発明の少なくとも1つのスカフォールドタンパク質は、所望により、当該技術分野において周知の細胞株、混合細胞株、不死化細胞又は不死化細胞のクローン集団によって産生することができる。例えば、Ausubelら、編、Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,NY,NY(1987〜2001)、Sambrookら、Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,2nd Edition,Cold Spring Harbor,NY(1989)、Harlow及びLane、Antibodies,a Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor,NY(1989)、Colliganら、編、Current Protocols in Immunology,John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,NY(1994〜2001)、Colliganら、Current Protocols in Protein Science,John Wiley & Sons,NY,NY,(1997〜2001)を参照のこと。
類似するタンパク質又は断片に特異的に結合するタンパク質スカフォールドのスクリーニングを、ヌクレオチド(DNA若しくはRNAディスプレイ)又はペプチドディスプレイライブラリ、例えば、インビトロディスプレイを用いて便利に達成することができる。この方法は、望ましい機能又は構造をもつ個々のメンバーについてペプチドの大規模コレクションをスクリーニングすることを含む。ディスプレイされたヌクレオチド又はペプチド配列の長さは、3〜5000個又はそれ以上のヌクレオチド又はアミノ酸、多くは5〜100個のアミノ酸、更に多くは約8〜25個のアミノ酸であってよい。ペプチドライブラリを作成する直接的化学合成方法に加えて、いくつかの組み換えDNA方法も記述されている。1つのタイプには、バクテリオファージ又は細胞の、表面上のペプチド配列のディスプレイが関与している。それぞれのバクテリオファージ又は細胞は、特定のディスプレイされたペプチド配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含有する。このような方法は、国際公開第91/17271号、同第91/18980号、同第91/19818号、及び同第93/08278号に記載されている。
and Company:New York,NY(1992)、及び本明細書に記載される方法を参照のこと)。特定のタンパク質スカフォールド−抗原相互作用の測定される親和性は、異なる条件(例えば、塩濃度、pH)下で測定される場合に異なる場合があ
る。したがって、親和性及びその他抗原結合パラメータ(例えば、KD、Kon、Koff)の測定は、好ましくは、タンパク質スカフォールド及び抗原の標準化溶液、及び本明細書で記載される緩衝液などの標準化緩衝液を用いて行われる。
本発明のタンパク質スカフォールドをコードする核酸分子は、mRNA、hnRNA、tRNA若しくは任意の他の形態などのRNAの形態、又はクローニングにより得られる若しくは合成的に生成されるcDNA及びゲノムDNAが挙げられるがこれらに限定されないDNAの形態、又はこれらの任意の組み合わせであってよい。DNAは、3本鎖、2本鎖若しくは1本鎖、又はこれらの任意の組み合わせであってよい。DNA又はRNAの少なくとも1本の鎖の任意の部分は、センス鎖としても知られるコード鎖であってよく、又はアンチセンス鎖と呼ばれる、非コード鎖であってもよい。
タンパク質スカフォールドの精製を容易にするペプチドをコードする配列と融合させてよい。
本発明は、本明細書で開示されるポリヌクレオチドに対して、選択的なハイブリダイゼーション条件下でハイブリダイズする単離核酸を提供する。したがって、本実施形態のポリヌクレオチドは、このようなポリヌクレオチドを含む核酸を単離、検出、及び/又は定量するために使用することができる。例えば、本発明のポリヌクレオチドを使用して、蓄積されたライブラリにおける部分又は完全長クローンを同定、単離、又は増幅することができる。いくつかの実施形態においては、ポリヌクレオチドは、単離された、又はそうでなければヒト若しくは哺乳類の核酸ライブラリからのcDNAに相補的な、ゲノム配列又はcDNA配列である。
本発明の単離核酸は、当該技術分野において周知の、(a)組み換え法、(b)合成法、(c)精製法、及び/又は(d)これらの組み合わせを用いて作成することができる。
例えば、RNA、cDNA、ゲノムDNA、又はこれらの任意の組み合わせのような本発明の単離核酸組成物は、当業者に既知の任意の数のクローニング手順を用いて生物源から得ることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、本発明のポリヌクレオチドに対してストリンジェントな条件下で選択的にハイブリダイズするオリゴヌクレオチドプローブが、cDNA又はゲノムDNAライブラリ内の望ましい配列を同定するために使用される。RNAの単離、及びcDNA及びゲノムライブラリの構築は、当業者にとって周知である(例えば、Ausubel、上記、又はSambrook、上記を参照されたい)。
本明細書で開示されているような、本発明のポリヌクレオチドの配列に基づいたプローブを用いて、cDNA又はゲノムライブラリをスクリーニングすることができる。プローブを使用して、同じ又は異なる生体内の相同遺伝子を単離するため、ゲノムDNA又はcDNA配列にハイブリダイズさせることができる。当業者であれば、アッセイ中でさまざまな度合のハイブリダイゼーションストリンジェンシーを用いることができ、ハイブリダイゼーション又は洗浄媒質のいずれかがストリンジェントであることができるということは明らかであろう。ハイブリダイゼーションのための条件がストリンジェントになるにつれて、二重鎖形成が生じるための、プローブと標的の間に必要な相補性の程度は大きくなるはずである。ストリンジェンシーの程度は、温度、イオン強度、pH、及びホルムアミドなどの部分的変性溶媒の存在のうちの、1つ以上によって制御することができる。例えば、ハイブリダイゼーションのストリンジェンシーは、例えば、0%〜50%の範囲内のホルムアミド濃度の操作を通して反応溶液の極性を変えることにより都合良く変更される。検出可能な結合のために必要な相補性(配列同一性)の程度は、ハイブリダイゼーション媒質及び/又は洗浄媒質のストリンジェンシーに従って変化する。相補の程度は、最適には100%、又は70〜100%、又はその中の任意の範囲若しくは値である。しかしながら、プローブ及びプライマー内のわずかな配列変動は、ハイブリダイゼーション及び/又は洗浄媒質のストリンジェンシーを低下させることで補償できるということを理解すべきである。
成するのに有用である場合がある。インビトロ増幅方法を通して当業者を導くのに十分な技術の例は、Berger、上記、Sambrook、上記、及びAusubel、上記、並びにMullisら、米国特許第4,683,202号(1987年)、及びInnisら、PCRプロトコル方法及び用途への手引き(PCR Protocols A Guide to Methods
and Applications)編、Academic Press Inc.,San Diego,CA(1990年)に見られる。ゲノムPCR増幅用の市販キットは当該技術分野において既知である。例えば、Advantage−GC Genomic PCR Kit(Clontech)を参照のこと。加えて、例えば、T4遺伝子32タンパク質(Boehringer Mannheim)を用いて、長いPCR産物の収率を改善することができる。
本発明の単離核酸は、既知の方法による直接化学合成によっても調製可能である(例えば、Ausubelら、上記を参照)。化学合成は、一般に、相補的配列とのハイブリダイゼーション、又は1本鎖をテンプレートとして使用するDNAポリメラーゼでの重合によって、2本鎖DNAに変換可能な1本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドを生成する。当業者であれば、DNAの化学合成が約100以上の塩基の配列に限定され得る一方で、より長い配列は、より短い配列のライゲーションによって得ることができることを認識するであろう。
本発明は、本発明の核酸を含む組み換え発現カセットを更に提供する。本発明の核酸配列、例えば、本発明のタンパク質スカフォールドをコードするcDNA又はゲノム配列を用いて、少なくとも1つの所望の宿主細胞に導入できる組み換え発現カセットを構築することができる。組み換え発現カセットは、典型的には、意図される宿主細胞においてポリヌクレオチドの転写を導く、転写開始調節配列に機能的に連結される、本発明のポリヌクレオチドを含む。異種及び非異種(すなわち、内因性)プロモーターの両方を使用して、本発明の核酸の発現を導くことができる。
本発明はまた、本発明の単離核酸分子を含むベクター、組換えベクターで遺伝子組換えされている宿主細胞、及び当該技術分野において周知であるような組換え技術による少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドの産生にも関与する。例えば、Sambrookら、上記、Ausubelら、上記を参照されたく、これらはそれぞれ参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
れるべきmRNAの最後に適切に位置する開始及び終止コドン(例えば、UAA、UGA、又はUAG)で始まる翻訳を含み、哺乳類又は真核生物細胞の発現ではUAA及びUAGが好ましい。
胞、HeLa細胞、その他同様物を含み、これらは例えば、American Type
Culture Collection,Manassas,Va(www.atcc.org)から容易に入手できる。好ましい宿主細胞には、骨髄腫及びリンパ腫細胞などのリンパ系起源の細胞が挙げられる。特に好ましい宿主細胞はP3X63Ag8.653細胞(ATCC登録番号CRL−1580)及びSP2/0−Ag14細胞(ATCC登録番号CRL−1851)である。特に好ましい実施形態では、組み換え細胞は、P3X63Ab8.653又はSP2/0−Ag14細胞である。
タンパク質スカフォールドは、プロテインA精製、硫酸アンモニウム又はエタノール沈殿、酸抽出、アニオン又はカチオン交換クロマトグラフィー、ホスホセルロースクロマトグラフィー、疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー、アフィニティクロマトグラフィー、ヒドロキシルアパタイトクロマトグラフィー及びレクチンクロマトグラフィーを含むが、これらに限定されない、周知の方法により、組換え細胞培養から、回収し、精製することができる。高速液体クロマトグラフィー(「HPLC」)を精製に利用することもできる。例えば、Colligan、「Current Protocols in Immunology」又は「Current Protocols in Protein Science」、John Wiley & Sons,Inc.、NY,NY、(1997〜2001年)の、例えば、第1、4、6、8、9、10章を参照されたく、これらはそれぞれ参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
れぞれ参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明のタンパク質スカフォールドを構成するアミノ酸は、略語化されることが多い。アミノ酸表記は、その1文字コード、その3文字コード、名称、又は3つのヌクレオチドのコドンによりアミノ酸を表記することにより示すことができ、当該技術分野においてよく理解されている(Alberts,B.ら、Molecular Biology of The Cell,Third Ed.,Garland Publishing,Inc.,New York,1994を参照のこと)。本発明のタンパク質スカフォールドは、本明細書で特定されるように、自然変異又はヒトによる操作のいずれかによる、1つ以上のアミノ酸の置換、欠失又は付加を含むことができる。機能上不可欠である本発明のタンパク質スカフォールド内のアミノ酸は、部位特異的突然変異誘発又はアラニン走査突然変位誘発などの、当該技術分野において既知の方法により同定できる(例えば、Ausubel、上記,Chapters 8,15、Cunningham及びWells,Science,244:1081〜1085(1989))。後者の手順によれば、分子内の全ての残基に単一アラニン突然変異が導入される。次いで得られた突然変異分子は、例えば(ただしこれに制限されない)少なくとも1つの中和活性などの生物活性について、試験される。タンパク質スカフォールド結合にとって重要な部位もまた、結晶化、核磁気共鳴又は光親和性標識などの構造解析によって同定することができる(Smithら、J.Mol.Biol.224:899〜904(1992)、及びde Vosら、Science,255:306〜312(1992))。
トキシ−ポリエチレングリコール(mPEG)、PPG等)、炭水化物(例えば、デキストラン、セルロース、オリゴ糖、多糖類等)、親水性アミノ酸のポリマー(例えば、ポリリシン、ポリアルギニン、ポリアスパルテート等)、ポリアルカンオキシド(例えば、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド等)及びポリビニルピロリドンを挙げることができる。好ましくは、本発明のタンパク質スカフォールドを修飾する親水性ポリマーは、個別の化合物として、約800〜約150,000ダルトンの分子量を有する。例えば、PEG5000及びPEG20,000を使用することができ、下付き文字は、ポリマーの平均分子量(ダルトン)である。親水性ポリマー基は、1〜約6個のアルキル基、脂肪酸基又は脂肪酸エステル基で置換することができる。脂肪酸又は脂肪酸エステル基で置換された親水性ポリマー類は、適切な方法を利用することによって調製することができる。例えば、アミン基を含むポリマーを、脂肪酸又は脂肪酸エステルのカルボン酸塩にカップリングさせることができ、脂肪酸又は脂肪酸エステル上の活性化カルボン酸塩(例えば、N,N−カルボニルジイミダゾールで活性化されている)をポリマー上のヒドロキシル基にカップリングさせることができる。
を脂肪酸と反応させることにより、遊離アミンと脂肪酸カルボキシレートとの間のアミド結合を形成することによって、生成可能である。Boc保護基を、トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)処理により生成物から除去し、記載されているように別のカルボン酸塩にカップリングできる一級アミンを露出させることができ、又はこれを無水マレイン酸と反応させ、得られる生成物を環化させて脂肪酸の活性化マレイミド誘導体を生成することができる(例えば、国際公開第92/16221号(Thompsonら)を参照されたく、参照によりこの教示の全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)。
本発明のタンパク質スカフォールド組成物は、所望により更に、抗感染症薬、心臓血管(CV)系作用薬、中枢神経系(CNS)薬、自律神経系(ANS)薬、呼吸器薬、消化(GI)管作用薬、ホルモン薬、体液又は電解質平衡薬、血液製剤、抗腫瘍薬、免疫調節薬、眼、耳又は鼻用薬、局所作用薬、栄養薬などのうち、少なくとも1つから選択される、少なくとも1つの化合物又はタンパク質(低分子又は高分子)を有効量含むことができる。このような薬物は、本明細書に提示されているそれぞれについての処方、適応症、用量及び用法を含め、当該技術分野において周知である(例えば、Nursing 2001 Handbook of Drugs,21st edition,Springhouse Corp.,Springhouse,PA,2001、Health Professional’s Drug Guide 2001 ed.,Shannon,Wilson,Stang,Prentice−Hall,Inc,Upper Saddle River,NJ、Pharmcotherapy Handbook,Wellsら、編、Appleton & Lange,Stamford,CTを参照されたく、これらはそれぞれ参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)。
(交感神経遮断薬)、骨格筋弛緩薬、及び神経筋遮断薬から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。呼吸器薬は、抗ヒスタミン薬、気管支拡張薬、去痰薬又は少なくとも1種の鎮咳薬、及び種々の呼吸器薬から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。GI管作用薬は、制酸剤、又は少なくとも1種の吸着剤、又は少なくとも1種の抗鼓腸薬、消化酵素、又は少なくとも1種の胆石溶解剤、止瀉薬、緩下剤、制吐剤、及び抗潰瘍薬から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。ホルモン薬は、コルチコステロイド、アンドロゲン、又は少なくとも1種のアナボリックステロイド、エストロゲン、又は少なくとも1種のプロゲスチン、ゴナドトロピン、抗糖尿病薬、又は少なくとも1種のグルカゴン、甲状腺ホルモン、甲状腺ホルモン拮抗薬、下垂体ホルモン、及び副甲状腺様薬から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。体液及び電解質平衡薬は、利尿薬、電解質又は少なくとも1種の補充液、酸性化薬、又は少なくとも1種のアルカリ性化薬から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。血液製剤は、造血剤、抗凝固薬、血液誘導体、及び血栓溶解酵素から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。抗腫瘍薬は、アルキル化剤、代謝拮抗薬、抗生物質性抗腫瘍薬、ホルモンバランスを変える抗腫瘍薬、及び種々の抗腫瘍薬から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。免疫調節薬は、免疫抑制薬、ワクチン又は少なくとも1種のトキソイド、抗毒素、又は少なくとも1種の抗蛇毒、免疫血清、及び生物学的応答調節物質から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。眼、耳、及び鼻用薬は、眼の抗感染薬、眼の抗炎症薬、縮瞳薬、散瞳薬、眼血管収縮薬、種々の眼、耳、及び鼻用薬から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。局所薬は、局所抗感染薬、抗疥癬薬、又は少なくとも1種の殺シラミ薬、又は局所コルチコステロイドから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。栄養薬は、ビタミン、ミネラル、又はカロリー剤のものから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。例えば、Nursing 2001 Drug Handbook、上記の内容を参照されたい。
も1種のセファロスポリンは、セファクロル、セファドロキシル、セファゾリンナトリウム、セフジニル、塩酸セフェピム、セフィキシム、セフメタゾールナトリウム、セフォニシドナトリウム、セフォペラゾンナトリウム、セフォタキシムナトリウム、セフォテタン二ナトリウム、セフォキシチンナトリウム、セフポドキシムプロキセチル、セフプロジル、セフタジジム、セフチブテン、セフチゾキシムナトリウム、セフトリアキソンナトリウム、セフロキシムアキセチル、セフロキシムナトリウム、塩酸セファレキシン、セファレキシン一水和物、セフラジン、及びロラカルベフから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種のテトラサイクリンは、塩酸デメクロサイクリン、ドキシサイクリンカルシウム、ドキシサイクリンヒクラート、塩酸ドキシサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン一水和物、塩酸ミノサイクリン、及び塩酸テトラサイクリンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種のスルホンアミドは、コトリモキサゾール、スルファジアジン、スルファメトキサゾール、スルフイソキサゾール、及びアセチルスルフイソキサゾールから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種のフルオロキノロンは、メシル酸アラトロフロキサシン、シプロフロキサシン、エノキサシン、レボフロキサシン、塩酸ロメフロキサシン、ナリジクス酸、ノルフロキサシン、オフロキサシン、スパルフロキサシン、及びメシル酸トロバフロキサシンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種のフルオロキノロンは、メシル酸アラトロフロキサシン、シプロフロキサシン、エノキサシン、レボフロキサシン、塩酸ロメフロキサシン、ナリジクス酸、ノルフロキサシン、オフロキサシン、スパルフロキサシン、及びメシル酸トロバフロキサシンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の抗ウイルス薬は、硫酸アバカビル、アシクロビルナトリウム、塩酸アマンタジン、アンプレナビル、シドフォビル、メシル酸デラビルジン、ジダノシン、エファビレンズ、ファムシクロビル、フォミビルセンナトリウム、ホスカルネットナトリウム、ガンシクロビル、硫酸インジナビル、ラミブジン、ラミブジン/ジドブジン、メシル酸ネルフィナビル、ネビラピン、リン酸オセルタミビル、リバビリン、塩酸リマンタジン、リトナビル、サキナビル、メシル酸サキナビル、スタブジン、塩酸バラシクロビル、ザルシタビン、ザナミビル、及びジドブジンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種のマクロライン抗感染薬は、アジトロマイシン、クラリスロマイシン、ジリトロマイシン、エリスロマイシン塩基、エリスロマイシンエストレート、エチルコハク酸エリスロマイシン、ラクトビオン酸エリスロマイシン、及びステアリン酸エリスロマイシンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の種々の抗感染薬は、アズトレオナム、バシトラシン、コハク酸クロラムフェニコールナトリウム、塩酸クリンダマイシン、塩酸パルミチン酸クリンダマイシン、リン酸クリンダマイシン、イミペネム及びシラスタチンナトリウム、メロペネム、ニトロフラントイン大結晶)、ニトロフラントイン微結晶、キヌプリスチン/ダルホプリスチン、塩酸スペクチノマイシン、トリメトプリム、及び塩酸バンコマイシンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる(例えば、Nursing 2001 Drug Handbookの24〜214頁を参照されたい)。
パミル、及び塩酸ベラパミルから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の降圧薬は、塩酸アセブトロール、ベシル酸アムロジピン、アテノロール、塩酸ベナゼプリル、塩酸ベタキソロール、フマル酸ビソプロロール、カンデサルタンシレキセチル、カプトプリル、塩酸カルテオロール、カルベジロール、クロニジン、塩酸クロニジン、ジアゾキシド、塩酸ジルチアゼム、メシル酸ドキサゾシン、エナラプリラート、マレイン酸エナラプリル、メシル酸エプロサルタン、フェロジピン、メシル酸フェノルドパム、ホシノプリルナトリウム、酢酸グアナベンズ、硫酸グアナドレル、塩酸グアンファシン、塩酸ヒドララジン、イルベサルタン、イスラジピン、塩酸ラベタロール、リシノプリル、ロサルタンカリウム、メチルドパ、塩酸メチルドペート、コハク酸メトプロロール、酒石酸メトプロロール、ミノキシジル、塩酸モエキシプリル、ナドロール、塩酸ニカルジピン、ニフェジピン、ニソルジピン、ニトロプルシドナトリウム、硫酸ペンブトロール、ペリンドプリルエルブミン、メシル酸フェントラミン、ピンドロール、塩酸プラゾシン、塩酸プロプラノロール、塩酸キナプリル、ラミプリル、テルミサルタン、塩酸テラゾシン、マレイン酸チモロール、トランドラプリル、バルサルタン、及び塩酸ベラパミルから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の抗高脂血症薬は、アトルバスタチンカルシウム、セリバスタチンナトリウム、コレスチラミン、塩酸コレスチポール、フェノフィブラート(微粒子化)、フルバスタチンナトリウム、ゲムフィブロジル、ロバスタチン、ナイアシン、プラバスタチンナトリウム、及びシンバスタチンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の種々のCV薬は、アブシキシマブ、アルプロスタジル、塩酸アルブタミン、シロスタゾール、重硫酸クロピドグレル、ジピリダモール、エプチフィバチド、塩酸ミドドリン、ペントキシフィリン、塩酸チクロピジン、及び塩酸チロフィバンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる(例えば、Nursing 2001 Drug Handbookの215〜336頁を参照されたい)。
なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の抗うつ薬は、塩酸アミトリプチリン、パモ酸アミトリプチリン、アモキサピン、塩酸ブプロピオン、臭化水素酸シタロプラム、塩酸クロミプラミン、塩酸デシプラミン、塩酸ドキセピン、塩酸フルオキセチン、塩酸イミプラミン、パモ酸イミプラミン、ミルタザピン、塩酸ネファゾドン、塩酸ノルトリプチリン、塩酸パロキセチン、硫酸フェネルジン、塩酸セルトラリン、硫酸トラニルシプロミン、マレイン酸トリミプラミン、及び塩酸ベンラファキシンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の抗不安薬は、アルプラゾラム、塩酸ブスピロン、クロルジアゼポキシド、塩酸クロルジアゼポキシド、クロラゼプ酸二カリウム、ジアゼパム、塩酸ドキセピン、エンボン酸ヒドロキシジン、塩酸ヒドロキシジン、パモ酸ヒドロキシジン、ロラゼパム、メフロバメート、塩酸ミダゾラム、及びオキサゼパムから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の抗精神病薬は、塩酸クロルプロマジン、クロザピン、デカン酸フルフェナジン、エナント酸フルエフェナジン、塩酸フルフェナジン、ハロペリドール、デカン酸ハロペリドール、乳酸ハロペリドール、塩酸ロキサピン、コハク酸ロキサピン、ベシル酸メソリダジン、塩酸モリンドン、オランザピン、ペルフェナジン、ピモジド、プロクロルペラジン、フマル酸ケチアピン、リスペリドン、塩酸チオリダジン、チオチキセン、塩酸チオチキセン、及び塩酸トリフルオペラジンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の中枢神経系刺激薬は、硫酸アンフェタミン、カフェイン、硫酸デキストロアンフェタミン、塩酸ドキサプラム、塩酸メタンフェタミン、塩酸メチルフェニデート、モダフィニル、ペモリン、及び塩酸フェンテルミンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の抗パーキンソン病薬は、塩酸アマンタジン、メシル酸ベンズトロピン、塩酸ビペリデン、乳酸ビペリデン、メシル酸ブロモクリプチン、カルビドパ−レボドパ、エンタカポン、レボドパ、メシル酸ペルゴリド、塩酸プラミペキソール、塩酸ロピニロール、塩酸セレギリン、トルカポン、及び塩酸トリヘキシフェニジルから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の種々の中枢神経系薬は、塩酸ブプロピオン、塩酸ドネペジル、ドロペリドール、マレイン酸フルボキサミン、炭酸リチウム、クエン酸リチウム、塩酸ナラトリプタン、ニコチンポラクリレックス、ニコチン経皮系、プロポフォール、安息香酸リザトリプタン、塩酸シブトラミン一水和物、コハク酸スマトリプタン、塩酸タクリン、及びゾルミトリプタンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる(例えば、Nursing 2001 Drug Handbookの337〜530頁を参照されたい)。
少なくとも1種であることができる(例えば、Nursing 2001 Drug Handbookの531〜84頁を参照されたい)。
ベタメタゾンナトリウム、リン酸ベタメタゾンナトリウム、酢酸コルチゾン、デキサメサゾン、酢酸デキサメサゾン、リン酸デキサメサゾンナトリウム、酢酸フルドロコルチゾン、ヒドロコルチゾン、酢酸ヒドロコルチゾン、シピオン酸ヒドロコルチゾン、リン酸ヒドロコルチゾンナトリウム、コハク酸ヒドロコルチゾンナトリウム、メチルプレドニゾロン、酢酸メチルプレドニゾロン、コハク酸メチルプレドニゾロンナトリウム、プレドニゾロン、酢酸プレドニゾロン、リン酸プレドニゾロンナトリウム、テブト酸プレドニゾロン、プレドニゾン、トリアムシノロン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、及び酢酸トリアムシノロンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種のアンドロゲン又はアナボリックステロイドは、ダナゾール、フルオキシメステロン、メチルテストステロン、デカン酸ナンドロロン、フェンプロピオン酸ナンドロロン、テストステロン、シピオン酸テストステロン、エナント酸テストステロン、プロピオン酸テストステロン、及びテストステロン経皮剤から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種のエストロゲン又はプロゲスチンは、エステル化エストロゲン、エストラジオール、シピオン酸エストラジオール、エストラジオール/酢酸ノルエチンドロン経皮系、吉草酸エストラジオール、エストロゲン(抱合)、エストロピペート、エチニルエストラジオール、エチニルエストラジオール及びデソゲストレル、エチニルエストラジオール及び二酢酸エチノジオール、エチニルエストラジオール及びデソゲストレル、エチニルエストラジオール及び二酢酸エチノジオール、エチニルエストラジオール及びレボノルゲストレル、エチニルエストラジオール及びノルエチンドロン、エチニルエストラジオール及び酢酸ノルエチンドロン、エチニルエストラジオール及びノルゲスチメート、エチニルエストラジオール及びノルゲストレル、エチニルエストラジオール及びノルエチンドロン並びに酢酸及びフマル酸鉄、レボノルゲストレル、酢酸メドロキシプロゲステロン、メストラノール及びノルエチンドロン、ノルエチンドロン、酢酸ノルエチンドロン、ノルゲストレル、及びプロゲステロンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種のゴナドロプトロピンは、酢酸ガニレリックス、酢酸ゴナドレリン、酢酸ヒストレリン、及びメノトロピンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の抗糖尿病薬又はグルカオンは、アカルボース、クロルプロパミド、グリメピリド、グリピジド、グルカゴン、グリブリド、インスリン、塩酸メトフォルミン、ミグリトール、塩酸ピオグリタゾン、レパグリニド、マレイン酸ロシグリタゾン、及びトログリタゾンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の甲状腺ホルモンは、レボチロキシンナトリウム、リオチロニンナトリウム、リオトリックス、及び甲状腺製剤から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の甲状腺ホルモン拮抗薬は、メチマゾール、ヨウ化カリウム、ヨウ化カリウム(飽和溶液)、プロピルチオウラシル、放射活性ヨウ素(ヨウ化ナトリウム131I)、及び濃ヨウ素溶液から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の下垂体ホルモンは、コルチコトロピン、コシントロピン、酢酸デスモフレシン、酢酸ロイプロリド、リポジトリコルチコトロピン、ソマトレム、ソマトロピン、及びバソプレシンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の副甲状腺様薬は、カルシフェジオール、カルシトニン(ヒト)、カルシトニン(サケ)、カルシトリオール、ジヒドロタキステロール、及びエチドロン酸二ナトリウムから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる(例えば、Nursing 2001 Drug Handbookの696〜796頁を参照されたい)。
ーチ、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、酢酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、塩化カリウム、グルコン酸カリウム、リンゲル液、リンゲル液(乳酸加)、及び塩化ナトリウムから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の酸性化剤又はアルカリ性化剤は、炭酸水素ナトリウム、乳酸ナトリウム、及びトロメタミンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる(例えば、Nursing 2001 Drug Handbookの797〜833頁を参照されたい)。
クチン、ヘモフィルスb型ワクチン、A型肝炎ワクチン(不活化)、B型肝炎ワクチン(組み換え)、インフルエンザウイルスワクチン1999〜2000年三価A & B型(精製表面抗原)、インフルエンザウイルスワクチン1999〜2000年三価A & B型(サブビリオン又は精製サブビリオン)、インフルエンザウイルスワクチン1999〜2000年三価A & B型(全ビリオン)、日本脳炎ウイルスワクチン(不活化)、ライム病ワクチン(組み換えOspA)、麻疹及び流行性耳下腺炎及び風疹ウイルスワクチン(生)、麻疹及び流行性耳下腺炎及び風疹ウイルスワクチン(生、弱毒化)、麻疹ウイルスワクチン(生、弱毒化)、髄膜炎菌多糖ワクチン、流行性耳下腺炎ウイルスワクチン(生)、ペストワクチン、肺炎球菌ワクチン(多価)、ポリオウイルスワクチン(不活化)、ポリオウイルスワクチン(生、経口、三価)、狂犬病ワクチン(吸着)、狂犬病ワクチン(ヒト2倍体細胞)、風疹及び流行性耳下腺炎ウイルスワクチン(生)、風疹ウイルスワクチン(生、弱毒化)、破傷風類毒素(吸着)、破傷風類毒素(液体)、腸チフスワクチン(経口)、腸チフスワクチン(非経口)、腸チフスVi多糖ワクチン、水痘ウイルスワクチン、及び黄熱病ワクチンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の抗毒素又は抗蛇毒は、クロゴケグモ抗蛇毒、マムシ科抗蛇毒(多価)、ジフテリア抗毒素(ウマ)、及びアメリカサンゴヘビ抗蛇毒から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の免疫血清は、サイトメガロウイルス免疫グロブリン(静脈内)、B型肝炎免疫グロブリン(ヒト)、免疫グロブリン筋肉内、免疫グロブリン静脈内、狂犬病免疫グロブリン(ヒト)、呼吸器合胞体ウイルス免疫グロブリン静脈内(ヒト)、Rh0(D)免疫グロブリン(ヒト)、Rh0(D)免疫グロブリン静脈内(ヒト)、破傷風免疫グロブリン(ヒト)、及び水痘−帯状ヘルペス免疫グロブリンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の生物学的応答調節物質は、アルデスロイキン、エポエチンアルファ、フィルグラスチム、注射用酢酸グラチラマー、インターフェロンアルファコン−1、インターフェロンアルファ−2a(組み換え)、インターフェロンアルファ−2b(組み換え)、インターフェロンベータ−1a、インターフェロンベータ−1b(組み換え)、インターフェロンガンマ−1b、塩酸レバミソール、オプレルベキン、及びサルグラモスチムから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる(例えば、Nursing 2001 Drug Handbookの964〜1040頁を参照されたい)。
ことができる。少なくとも1種の耳用薬は、ホウ酸、過酸化カルバミド、クロラムフェニコール、及びオレイン酸トリエタノールアミンポリペプチド縮合物から選択される少なくとも1種であることができる。少なくとも1種の鼻用薬は、ジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、ブデソニド、硫酸エフェドリン、塩酸エピネフリン、フルニソリド、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン、塩酸ナファゾリン、塩酸オキシメタゾリン、塩酸フェニレフリン、塩酸テトラヒドロゾリン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、及び塩酸キシロメタゾリンから選択される少なくとも1種であることができる(例えば、Nursing 2001 Drug Handbookの1041〜97頁を参照されたい)。
ドロキシクロロキン、レフルノミド、スルファサラジン)、筋弛緩薬、麻薬、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAID)、鎮痛薬、麻酔薬、鎮静薬、局所麻酔薬、神経筋遮断薬、抗菌薬(例えば、アミノグリコシド、抗真菌薬、抗寄生虫薬、抗ウイルス薬、カルバペナム、セファロスポリン、フルオロキノロン、マクロライド、ペニシリン、スルホンアミド、テトラサイクリン、その他抗菌薬)、乾癬治療薬、コルチコステロイド、アナボリックステロイド、糖尿病関連薬、ミネラル、栄養薬、甲状腺剤、ビタミン、カルシウム関連ホルモン、止瀉薬、鎮咳薬、制吐剤、抗腫瘍薬、緩下剤、抗凝固薬、エリスロポエチン(例えば、エポエチンアルファ)、フィルグラスチム(例えば、G−CSF、Neupogen)、サルグラモスチム(GM−CSF、Leukine)、免疫付与剤、免疫グロブリン、免疫抑制剤(例えば、バシリキシマブ、シクロスポリン、ダクリズマブ)、成長ホルモン、ホルモン補充薬、エストロゲン受容体調節薬、散瞳剤、毛様体筋麻痺薬、アルキル化剤、代謝拮抗薬、分裂阻害剤、放射性医薬品、抗うつ薬、抗躁薬、抗精神病薬、抗不安薬、睡眠薬、交感神経刺激薬、刺激薬、ドネペジル、タクリン、ぜんそく治療薬、ベータ作用薬、吸入ステロイド、ロイコトリエン阻害剤、メチルキサンチン、クロモリン、エピネフリン若しくは類縁体、ドルナーゼアルファ(Pulmozyme)、サイトカイン若しくはサイトカイン拮抗薬から選択される、少なくとも1種を更に含む、このようなサイトカインの、非制限的な例としては、IL−1〜IL−28(例えば、IL−1、IL−2等)のいずれかが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。適切な投与量は、当該技術分野において周知である。例えば、Wellsら編、「Pharmacotherapy Handbook」、第2版、Appleton & Lange、Stamford,CT(2000年)、「PDR Pharmacopoeia,Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2000,Deluxe Edition」、Tarascon Publishing、Loma Linda,CA(2000年)を参照されたく、これらはそれぞれ、参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
い。例えば、Stein編、INTERNAL MEDICINE,3rd ed.,pp 1〜13,Little,Brown and Co.,Boston,(1990)、Evansら、Bacterial Infections of Humans:Epidemiology and Control,2d.ed.,pp 239〜254,Plenum Medical Book Co.,New York(1991)、Mandellら、Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases,3d.Ed.,Churchill Livingstone,New York(1990)、Berkowら、The Merck Manual,16th edition,Merck and Co.,Rahway,N.J.,1992、Woodら、FEMS Microbiology Immunology,76,121〜134(1991)、Marrackら、Science,248,705〜711(1990)を参照されたく、参照により、これら参考文献の内容は全て本明細書に組み込まれる。
上記のとおり、本発明は、好ましくは、生理食塩水又は選択された塩を含むリン酸緩衝剤を含む安定した処方、並びに保存剤を含有する保存溶液及び処方、並びに製薬学的に許容できる処方中の少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドを含む医薬品又は動物用医薬品用に好適な多用途保存処方を提供する。保存処方は、水性希釈剤中に、少なくとも1種の既知の、又は所望により少なくとも1種のフェノール、m−クレゾール、p−クレゾール、o−クレゾール、クロロクレゾール、ベンジルアルコール、硝酸フェニル水銀、フェノキシエタノール、ホルムアルデヒド、クロロブタノール、塩化マグネシウム(例えば、六水和物)、アルキルパラベン(メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル等)、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム及びチメロサール、ポリマー、又はそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される保存剤を含有する。当該技術分野において既知であるように、任意の好適な濃度又は混合物、例えば約0.0015%、又は所望の範囲、値、又はこの中の一部を使用することができる。非限定例としては、保存料を全く含まないもの、約0.1〜2%のm−クレゾール(例えば、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.9、1.0%)、約0.1〜3%のベンジルアルコール(例えば、0.5、0.9、1.1、1.5、1.9、2.0、2.5%)、約0.001〜0.5%のチメロサール(例えば、0.005、0.01)、約0.001〜2.0%のフェノール(例えば、0.05、0.25、0.28、0.5、0.9、1.0%)、0.0005〜1.0%のアルキルパラベン(類)(例えば、0.00075、0.0009、0.001、0.002、0.005、0.0075、0.009、0.01、0.02、0.05、0.075、0.09、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.5、0.75、0.9、1.0%)等が挙げられる。
、その包装材は、水性希釈剤中の少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドを溶解して、24時間以上にわたって保存できる溶液を形成するように患者に指示するラベルを含む。
従来の溶解及び混合手順を使用して実施する。好適な処方を調製するため、例えば、緩衝溶液中の一定量の少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドを、所望の濃度のタンパク質及び保存剤を提供するのに十分な量の緩衝溶液中で所望の保存剤と組み合わせる。当業者は、このプロセスの変化形態を認識する。例えば、構成要素の添加順序、付加的な添加剤を使用するか否か、処方が調製される温度及びpHは、全て、使用する投与濃度及び手段について最適化されることができる因子である。
enson.com)、Disetronic(Burgdorf,Switzerland,www.disetronic.com)、Bioject,Portland,Oregon(www.bioject.com)、National Medical
Products,Weston Medical(Peterborough,UK,www.weston−medical.com)、Medi−Ject Corp(Minneapolis,MN,www.mediject.com)によって製造又は開発された、例えば、BD Pens、BD Autojector(登録商標)、Humaject(登録商標)、NovoPen(登録商標)、B−D(登録商標)Pen、AutoPen(登録商標)、及びOptiPen(登録商標)、GenotropinPen(登録商標)、Genotronorm Pen(登録商標)、Humatro Pen(登録商標)、Reco−Pen(登録商標)、Roferon Pen(登録商標)、Biojector(登録商標)、Iject(登録商標)、J−tip Needle−Free Injector(登録商標)、Intraject(登録商標)、Medi−Ject(登録商標)などの溶液送達用ペン型注射器デバイス、及び類似の好適なデバイスが挙げられる。二重バイアルシステムを含む承認済みデバイスとしては、乾燥凍結された薬物を、HumatroPen(登録商標)など、溶解済み液の送達用カートリッジ中で溶解するためのそれらのペン型注射器システムが挙げられる。その他好適なデバイスの例として、プレフィルドシリンジ、自動注入器、無針注射器及び無針静脈内点滴セットが挙げられる。
均質な本質的に球状の微粒子処方は、米国特許第4,589,330号に教示されるとおり、活性薬剤及びポリマーを含有する水相と非水相とを接触させ、次いで非水相を蒸発させて水相からの粒子の合体を引き起こすことにより形成することができる。多孔性微小粒子は、米国特許第4,818,542号に教示されるとおり、連続溶媒中に分散された活性薬剤及びポリマーを含有する第1相を使用し、凍結乾燥又は希釈−抽出−沈殿により懸濁液からその溶媒を除去して調製することができる。こうした調製に好ましいポリマーは、ゼラチン寒天、デンプン、アラビノガラクタン、アルブミン、コラーゲン、ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸、グリコリド−L(−)ラクチドポリ(エプシロン−カプロラクトン、ポリ(エプシロン−カプロラクトン−CO−乳酸)、ポリ(エプシロン−カプロラクトン−CO−グリコール酸)、ポリ(β−ヒドロキシ酪酸)、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリエチレン、ポリ(アルキル−2−シアノアクリレート)、ポリ(ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート)、ポリアミド、ポリ(アミノ酸)、ポリ(2−ヒドロキシエチルDL−アスパルトアミド)、ポリ(エステル尿素)、ポリ(L−フェニルアラニン/エチレングリコール/1,6−ジイソシアナトヘキサン)及びポリ(メチルメタクリレート)からなる群から選択される、天然又は合成のコポリマー又はポリマーである。特に好ましいポリマーは、ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸、グリコリド−L(−)ラクチドポリ(エプシロン−カプロラクトン)、ポリ(エプシロン−カプロラクトン−CO−乳酸)、及びポリ(エプシロン−カプロラクトン−CO−グリコール酸)などのポリエステルである。ポリマー及び/又は活性物質を溶解させるのに有用な溶媒としては水、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール、塩化メチレン、テトラヒドロフラン、へキサン、ベンゼン、又はヘキサフルオロアセトンセスキ水和物がある。第2相に活性物質を含有する相を分散させるプロセスには、ノズル内のオリフィスにその第1相を圧力で強制的に通過させて液滴形成に作用する工程を含むことができる。
本発明はまた、当該技術分野において既知又は本明細書に記載のように、少なくとも1つの本発明のタンパク質スカフォールドを用いて、例えば、細胞、組織、器官、動物、又は患者に、治療的有効量のタンパク質スカフォールドを投与又は接触させて、細胞、組織、器官、動物、又は患者における疾病を調節又は処置するための方法も提供する。本発明
はまた、細胞、組織、器官、動物、又は患者における、肥満、免疫関連疾患、循環器疾患、感染症、悪性疾患又は神経学的疾患のうち少なくとも1つを含むが、これらに限定されない疾病を調節又は処置するための方法も提供する。
動、心房粗動、心房細動(持続性又は発作性)、潅流後症候群、心肺バイパス炎症反応、多源性つまり多病巣性心房頻拍、通常の幅の狭いQRS、頻拍、特異的不整脈、心室細動、ヒス束不整脈、房室ブロック、脚ブロック、心筋虚血性疾患、冠動脈疾患、狭心症、心筋梗塞、心筋症、拡張型うっ血性心筋症、収縮性心筋症、弁膜性心疾患、心内膜炎、心膜疾患、心臓腫瘍、大動脈及び末梢動脈瘤、大動脈解離、大動脈の炎症、腹部大動脈及びその分枝の閉塞、末梢血管障害、閉塞性動脈性疾患、末梢アテローム硬化性疾患、閉塞性血栓血管炎、機能性末梢動脈性疾患、レイノー現象及びレイノー病、先端チアノーゼ、肢端紅痛症、静脈疾患、静脈血栓症、静脈瘤、動静脈瘻、リンパ浮腫、脂肪性浮腫、不安定狭心症、再潅流傷害、ポストポンプ症候群、虚血再潅流傷害等の少なくとも1つを含むが、それらに限定されない。このような方法は、少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドを含む有効量の組成物又は医薬組成物を、このような調節、処置又は治療を必要とする、細胞、組織、器官、動物又は患者に対して投与することを、所望により含むことができる。
;びまん性レヴィー小体病;レヴィー型老年性認知症;ウェルニッケ・コルサコフ症候群;慢性アルコール依存症;クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病;亜急性硬化性全脳炎、ハレルフォルデン−スパッツ病;ボクサー認知症;神経外傷性障害(例えば、脊髄損傷、脳損傷、震盪、反復震盪);疼痛;炎症性疼痛;自閉症;抑うつ;脳卒中;認知障害;てんかん等の少なくとも1つを含むが、それらに限定されない。所望により、少なくとも1つのTNF抗体又は特定部分又は変異体を含む有効量の組成物又は医薬組成物を、このような調節、処置又は治療を必要としている細胞、組織、器官、動物又は患者に対し投与する工程を含むことができる。例えば、Merck Manual,16th Edition,Merck & Company,Rahway,NJ(1992)を参照のこと。
そく治療薬、ベータ作用薬、吸入ステロイド、ロイコトリエン阻害剤、メチルキサンチン、クロモリン、エピネフリン若しくは類縁体、ドルナーゼアルファ(Pulmozyme)、サイトカイン若しくはサイトカイン拮抗薬から選択される少なくとも1つの前に、同時に、及び/又は後に、その少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールド、特定部分又はその変異体を投与することを更に含む。適切な投与量は、当該技術分野において周知である。例えば、Wellsら、編、Pharmacotherapy Handbook,2nd Edition,Appleton and Lange,Stamford,CT(2000)、PDR Pharmacopoeia,Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2000,Deluxe Edition,Tarascon Publishing,Loma Linda,CA(2000)、Nursing 2001 Handbook of Drugs,21st edition,Springhouse Corp.,Springhouse,PA,2001、Health Professional’s Drug Guide 2001,ed.,Shannon,Wilson,Stang,Prentice−Hall,Inc,Upper Saddle River,NJ.を参照されたく、これらの参考文献はそれぞれ参照によって全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明による少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドの製薬学的に有効な量を投与するために、本発明にしたがって、数多くの既知の及び開発された投与方式を使用することができる。下記の記述では経肺投与が使用されているが、本発明にしたがってその他の投与方式を使用して、適切な結果を得ることもできる。本発明のタンパク質スカフォールドは、担体中で、溶液、エマルション、コロイド、若しくは懸濁液として、又は乾燥粉末として、吸入によるか、又は本明細書に記載の若しくは当該技術分野において既知であるその他の方式による投与に好適な様々なデバイス及び方法のいずれかを用いて、送達することができる。
非経口投与用処方は、一般的な賦形剤として滅菌水又は生理食塩水、ポリエチレングリコールなどのポリアルキレングリコール、植物性油、水素化ナフタレン等を含有してよい。注射用の水性又は油性懸濁液は、既知の方法にしたがって、適切な乳化剤又は加湿剤及び懸濁剤を使用することによって調製可能である。注射剤は、例えば水溶液、無菌注射液又は溶媒中懸濁液などの非毒性の非経口投与可能な希釈剤であってよい。使用可能なビヒクル又は溶媒としては、水、リンゲル液、等張食塩水等が許容され、通常の溶媒又は懸濁溶媒としては、無菌不揮発性油を使用することができる。これらの目的では、天然又は合成若しくは半合成の、脂肪油又は脂肪酸、天然又は合成若しくは半合成の、モノグリセリド又はジグリセリド又はトリグリセリドを含む、あらゆる種類の不揮発性油及び脂肪酸を使用することができる。非経口投与は当該技術分野において既知であり、従来の注射手段、米国特許第5,851,198号に記載のようなガス加圧式無針注入デバイス、及び米国特許第5,839,446号に記載のようなレーザー穿孔機デバイスが挙げられるが、これらに限定されず、これらは参照によって全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は更に、非経口、皮下、筋肉内、静脈内、関節内、気管支内、腹内、関節包内、軟骨内、洞内、腔内、小脳内、脳室内、結腸内、頚管内、胃内、肝内、心筋内、骨内、骨盤内、心膜内、腹腔内、胸膜内、前立腺内、肺内、直腸内、腎臓内、網膜内、脊髄内、液嚢内、胸郭内、子宮内、膀胱内、病巣内、ボーラス、膣内、直腸、口腔内、舌下、鼻腔内、又は経皮手段による少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドの投与に関する。少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールド組成物を、特に液体溶液又は懸濁液の形での非経口(皮下、筋肉内、若しくは静脈内)又は任意のその他投与に使用するため;クリーム又は座薬といった(ただしこれらに限定されない)特に半固体形態で膣内又は直腸内投与に使用するため;錠剤又はカプセルの形での(ただしこれらに限定されない)口腔内又は舌下投与のため;又は粉末、点鼻薬、若しくはエアロゾル、若しくは一部の作用物質の形で(ただしこれらに限定されない)鼻腔内で;又は皮膚構造を修飾するか若しくは経皮パッチ内の薬物濃度を増大させるためジメチルスルホキンドなどの化学的エンハンサーを伴う(Junginger,et al.「Drug Permeation Enhancement」、Hsieh,D.S.,Eds.,pp.59〜90(Marcel Dekker,Inc.New York 1994、参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)、又は皮膚上へのタンパク質及びペプチドを含有する処方の適用(国際公開第98/53847号)若しくは電気穿孔などの過渡的輸送経路を作り出すか若しくはイオントフォレシスなどの皮膚を通して荷電薬物の易動性を増大させるための電界の適用、若しくはソノフォレシスなどの超音波の適用(米国特許第4,309,989号及び同第4,767,402号)を可能にする酸化剤を伴う、ゲル、軟こう、ローション、懸濁液若しくはパッチ送達系(ただしこれらに限定されない)などで経皮的に投与するために、調製することができる(上述の刊行物及び特許は参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)。
経肺投与のためには、好ましくは、少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールド組成物が、肺の下気道又は洞に達するのに有効な粒径で送達される。本発明にしたがって、少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドは、吸入により治療薬を投与するため、当該技術分野において既知の様々な吸入又は鼻腔内デバイスのいずれかにより送達することができる。患者の洞腔又は肺胞内にエアロゾル化した処方を被着させる能力のあるこれらのデバイスとしては、定量吸入器、ネブライザー、乾燥粉末発生器、噴霧器等が挙げられる。タンパク質スカフォールドの肺又は鼻腔内投与を目的とするのに好適なその他のデバイスも、当該技術分野において既知である。このようなデバイスは全てエアロゾル中のタンパク質スカフォールドを分配するための投与に好適な処方を使用することができる。このようなエアロゾルは、溶液(水性及び非水性の両方)又は固体粒子のいずれかで構成されることができる。
cal Products)などのネブライザー(米国特許第5404871号(Aradigm)、国際公開第97/22376号)(以上の参考文献は参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)は溶液からエアロゾルを発生させるのに対し、定量吸入器、乾燥粉末吸入器などは小粒子エアロゾルを発生させる。市販の吸入デバイスのこれらの具体例は、本発明の実施に適した具体的デバイスを代表するものとして意図されており、本発明の範囲を制限するものとして意図されているものではない。
タンパク質スカフォールド組成物を含むスプレーは、少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドの懸濁液又は溶液を加圧下でノズルを通させることにより作成することができる。ノズルの大きさ及び構成、適用される圧並びに液体供給速度は、所望の出力及び粒径を達成するように選定することができる。例えば、キャピラリー又はノズルフィードとともに電界により電気スプレーを作成することができる。有利には、噴霧器により送達される少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールド組成物の粒子は、約10μm未満、好ましくは約1μm〜約5μm、最も好ましくは約2μm〜約3μmの範囲の粒径を有する。
本発明のタンパク質スカフォールド組成物は、ジェットネブライザー又は超音波ネブライザーなどのネブライザーにより投与できる。典型的には、ジェットネブライザー中では、オリフィスを通して高速の空気ジェットを作り出すのに圧縮空気供給源を使用する。ガスがノズルを超えて膨脹する際に低圧領域が作り出され、それが液体リザーバに接続された毛細管を通してタンパク質スカフォールド組成物の溶液を引き出す。毛細管からの液体流は、それが管を出る際に不安定な糸状体及び液滴に剪断されてエアゾールを作り出す。
ある範囲の構成、流速及びバッフル型を、所定のジェットネブライザーから所望の性能の特徴を達成するのに使用することができる。超音波ネブライザーにおいては、高周波電気エネルギーを使用して、典型的には圧電変換器を使用して、振動性の機械的エネルギーを作り出す。このエネルギーが、直接又はカップリング液を通じてタンパク質スカフォールド組成物の処方に伝播されて、タンパク質スカフォールド組成物を含むエアゾールを作り出す。有利には、ネブライザーにより送達されるタンパク質スカフォールド組成物の粒子は、約10μm未満、好ましくは約1μm〜約5μm、最も好ましくは約2μm〜約3μmの範囲の粒径を有する。
計量式吸入器(MDI)では、噴射剤、少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールド、及び任意の賦形剤又は他の添加剤が、液化圧縮ガスを包含する混合物としてキャニスター中に収容される。計量バルブの起動により、約10μm未満、好ましくは約1μm〜約5μm、最も好ましくは約2μm〜約3μmの範囲の大きさの粒子を含有するエアゾールとして混合物が放出される。所望のエアゾール粒子径は、ジェットミル粉砕、噴霧乾燥、臨界点凝縮等が挙げられる当業者に既知の多様な方法により生成されるタンパク質スカフォールド組成物の処方を使用することにより得ることができる。好ましい計量式吸入器としては、3M又はグラクソにより製造されかつヒドロフルオロカーボン噴射剤を使用するものが挙げられる。計量式吸入デバイスで使用するための少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドの処方は、一般に、少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドを、例えば、界面活性剤の助けを借りて噴射剤中に懸濁した非水性溶媒中の懸濁液として含有する微粉を含む。噴射剤は、トリクロロフルオロメタン、ジクロロジフルオロメタン、ジクロロテトラフルオロエタノール及び1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン、HFA−134a(ヒドロフルオロアルカン−134a)、HFA−227(ヒドロフルオロアルカン−227)等が挙げられる、クロロフルオロカーボン、ヒドロクロロフルオロカーボン、ヒドロフルオロカーボン、又は炭化水素のような本目的上使用される任意の従来の物質であることができる。好ましくは、噴射剤はヒドロフルオロカーボンである。界面活性剤は、少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドを噴射剤中の懸濁液として安定化させる、活性薬剤を化学的分解に対して保護する等のために選定することができる。好適な界面活性剤はソルビタントリオレエート、ダイズレシチン、オレイン酸等が挙げられる。いくつかの場合には、エタノールなどの溶媒を使用する溶液エアゾールが好ましい。タンパク質の処
方のための当該技術分野で既知の付加的な剤を処方中に含んでもよい。当業者は、本発明の方法を、本明細書に記述されないデバイスを介する少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールド組成物の経肺投与により達成し得ることを認識するであろう。
経口投与のための処方は、腸壁の浸透性を人工的に増大させるためのアジュバント(例えば、レゾルシノール、並びにポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル及びn−ヘキサデシルポリエチレンエーテルのような非イオン性界面活性剤)の同時投与、並びに酵素的分解を阻害するための酵素阻害剤(例えば、膵トリプシン阻害剤、ジイソプロピルフルオロリン酸(DFF)及びトラシロール)の同時投与による。経口、口腔内、粘膜、鼻、肺、膣経膜、又は直腸投与を意図する、タンパク質及びタンパク質スカフォールド並びに少なくとも2つの界面活性剤の組み合わせを包含する親水性剤の送達のための処方が、米国特許第6,309,663号に教示されている。経口投与のための固体型剤形の活性成分化合物を、ショ糖、乳糖、セルロース、マンニトール、トレハロース、ラフィノース、マルチトール、デキストラン、デンプン、寒天、アルギン酸塩、キチン、キトサン、ペクチン、トラガカントガム、アラビアゴム、ゼラチン、コラーゲン、カゼイン、アルブミン、合成又は半合成ポリマー、及びグリセリドを含む、少なくとも1種の添加物と混合することができる。これらの剤形はまた、他の種類の添加剤、例えば、不活性希釈剤、ステアリン酸マグネシウムのような滑沢剤、パラベン、ソルビン酸、アスコルビン酸、アルファ−トコフェロールのような保存剤、システインのような抗酸化剤、崩壊剤、結合剤、増粘剤、緩衝剤、甘味剤、着香剤、香料等を含有してもよい。
生じるマイクロカプセルの適正な大きさにより、消化管を通過した剤による有効を失わず、別名で動物の「パイエル板」又は「GALT」として知られる集合リンパ小節に達し、それにより取り込まれる剤をもたらすマイクロカプセルを供給する、1つ以上の生物適合性ポリマー又はコポリマー賦形剤、好ましくは生物分解性ポリマー又はコポリマーにカプセル化された、生物活性薬剤を経口投与するための処方。類似の集合リンパ小節は気管支(BALT)及び大腸に見ることができる。上述の組織は一般に粘膜関連リンパ組織(MALT)と称される。粘膜表面を通る吸収のため、少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドの組成物及び投与方法は、複数のサブミクロン粒子、粘膜付着性巨大分子、生物活性ペプチド、及びエマルション粒子の粘膜付着を達成することにより粘膜表面を通る吸収を促進する水性連続相を含むエマルション(米国特許第5,514,670号)を含む。本発明のエマルションの適用に適する粘膜表面には、角膜、結膜、口腔内、舌下、鼻、膣、肺、胃、腸及び直腸投与経路を挙げることができる。膣又は直腸投与のための処方、例えば、坐剤は、賦形剤として、例えば、ポリアルキレングリコール、ワセリン、カカオバター等を含有してよい。鼻内投与のための処方は固体であってよく、賦形剤として例えば、乳糖を含有することができ、又は点鼻薬の水性若しくは油性溶液であることができる。口腔内投与のために、賦形剤として、糖、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、前ゼラチン化デンプン等が挙げられる(米国特許第5,849,695号)。
経皮投与のためには、少なくとも1つのタンパク質スカフォールドを、リポソーム若しくはポリマーナノ粒子、微小粒子、マイクロカプセル、又はミクロスフェア(特に明示しない限り集合的に微小粒子と称する)のような送達デバイス中にカプセル化する。ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸及びそれらのコポリマーのようなポリヒドロキシ酸、ポリオルトエステル、ポリ無水物及びポリホスファゼンのような合成ポリマー、並びにコラーゲン、ポリアミノ酸、アルブミン及び他のタンパク質、アルギン酸塩及び他の多糖類のような天然ポリマー、並びにそれらの組み合わせから作成される微小粒子を包含する多くの好適なデバイスが既知である(米国特許第5,814,599号)。
本発明の化合物を、単回投与により、長期間にわたり、例えば、1週〜1年間、被験体に送達することが望ましい場合がある。多様な徐放、デポー又は埋め込み剤形を利用することができる。例えば、剤形は、体液中での溶解度が低い化合物の製薬学的に許容できる非毒性の塩、例えば、(a)リン酸、硫酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、タンニン酸、パモ酸、アルギン酸、ポリグルタミン酸、ナフタレンモノ若しくはジスルホン酸、ポリガラクツロン酸等のような多塩基性酸との酸付加塩、(b)亜鉛、カルシウム、ビスマス、バリウム、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、銅、コバルト、ニッケル、カドミウム等のような多価金属カチオン、若しくは例えば、N,N’−ジベンジル−エチレンジアミン若しくはエチレンジアミンから形成される有機カチオンとの塩、又は(c)(a)及び(b)の組み合わせ、例えば、亜鉛タンニン酸塩を含有することができる。加えて、本発明の化合物、又は好ましくは前述したものなどの比較的不溶性の塩を、注射に好適な例えば、ゴマ油とともに、例えば、モノステアリン酸アルミニウムゲルなどのゲル中で処方することができる。とりわけ好ましい塩は、亜鉛塩、亜鉛タンニン酸塩、パモ酸塩等である。別の種類の注射用徐放デポー処方は、例えば米国特許第3,773,919号に記述されるところのポリ乳酸/ポリグリコール酸ポリマーのようなゆっくりと分解する非毒性の非抗原性ポリマー中にカプセル化のため分散された化合物又は塩を含有する。化合物、又は好ましくは上述したものなどの比較的不溶性の塩は、特に動物での使用のためコレステロールマトリックスのシラスティックペレット中でもまた処方することができる。更なる徐放デポー又は注入処方、例えば、気体又は液体リポソームは、文献(米国特許第5,770,222号、及び「Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems」,J.R.Robinson編、Marcel Dekker,Inc.,N.Y.,1978)で既知である。
ヒトテネイシンの第3 FN3ドメイン(配列番号3)を、抗体の相補性決定領域(CDR)に構造的に類似する表面露出ループを介して特定の標的分子に結合するよう改変することができる代替スカフォールドとして使用することができる。天然型のこのドメインの融解温度はPBS中で54℃である。類似構造及び改善された物理学的特性、例えば改善された熱安定性を有するスカフォールド分子を製造するため、ヒトテネイシンの15のFN3ドメイン(配列番号1〜15)の配列比較に基づいて共通配列を設計した。
た(高頻度の)アミノ酸を組み入れることにより設計した。対で配列比較すると、Tenconとして設計された本発明の共通配列(配列番号16)、テネイシンのFN3ドメインに対して34〜59%の位置で同一であり、平均配列同一性は43%である。
Tenconのアミノ酸配列(配列番号16)を逆翻訳すると、配列番号17に示すDNA配列が得られた。この配列をオーバーラッピングPCRにより構築し、修飾されたpET15ベクターにサブクローンし、BL21Star(DE3)大腸菌(Invitrogen)に形質転換し、75μg/mLカルベニシリン含有LB寒天平板上で培養した。コロニーを1つ取り、37℃で、2%ブドウ糖及び100μg/mLカルベニシリンを含有するTB培地50mL中で一晩培養した。この培養液を用いて、2.5L容のUltra Yieldフラスコ(Thomson Instrument Company)中の自己誘導培地(Overnight Express Instant TB media,Novagen)500mLに播種した。増殖及び発現は、ATR Multitron振盪培養機の二重プログラム(37℃、300rpmで3時間、続いて30℃、250rpmで16時間)を用いて行った。
Complete Protease inhibitor(EDTAフリー、Roche)、及びBenzonase(Sigma−Aldrich、0.25μL/mL最終濃度)を含有する緩衝剤30mLに再懸濁し、Misonix XL2020超音波処理器を用いて、氷上で5分間、パルスモード(5秒オン、30秒オフ)で溶解した。JA−17ローターで、17,000rpm、30分間遠心分離して、不溶性物質を除去した。
Tenconの構造及び安定性を、それぞれ円偏光二色性分光法及び示差走査熱量測定法によって特徴づけた。PBS中濃度0.2mg/mLで、20℃において、AVIV分光計でCD測定を実施した。図2のスペクトルは218nmで最小を示し、設計したとおり、FN3ファミリーに属するタンパク質に予測されるβシート構造が示唆される。0.5mg/mL PBS溶液のテネイシン第3 FN3ドメイン又はTenconを、N−DSCII熱量計(Applied Thermodynamics)において、35℃から95℃まで、1℃/分の割合で加熱することによりDSCデータを得た。緩衝剤のみの曲線を差し引き、図3に示す特性を得た。このデータから、第3 FN3ドメイン及びTenconそれぞれについて、CpCalc(Applied Thermodynamics)ソフトウェアを用い、54℃及び78℃の融解温度が計算された。両ドメインのフォールディング及びアンフォールディングは、これらの温度で可逆的である。
ヒトに対するアミノ酸配列の免疫原性をモデリングするコンピュータプログラムを用い、ヒトテネイシンの第3 FN3ドメイン、Tencon、及び種々の治療用抗体(表2に示す)を表すアミノ酸配列の予測される免疫原性を比較した。このプログラムで解析したキメラmAb及びヒトmAb(アダリムマブ)に、続いて寛容限界を適用した(ヒト生殖細胞系にコードされた配列に100%同一である9マーのペプチドを除去する)。寛容限界は、テネイシン又はTenconに適用しなかった。寛容限界は、ヒト生殖細胞系にコードされたmAb配列に対する幅広いT細胞寛容を仮定し、主にCDR及び隣接ドメインにおける新規配列に関する解析に焦点を当てる。
Tenconのアミノ酸配列をコードする遺伝子を、PCR及び制限消化クローニングによりファージミド発現ベクターpPep9にサブクローニングし、ベクターpTencon−pIXを得た。この系は、C末端がM13 pIXタンパク質のN末端に融合するN末端Myc−タグ化Tenconを発現する(図4)。Lacプロモーターにより、IPTGがない状態で発現レベルが低く、IPTGの添加後に発現を増加するることができる。OmpAシグナル配列をTenconのN末端に追加し、周辺質への効率的な移動を促進した。短いTSGGGGSリンカー(配列番号141)をTenconとpIXとの間に構築し、これらのタンパク質間における立体相互作用を防止した。
mLで希釈し、O.D.600が0.7に達するまで振盪しながら37℃で増殖させ、この
時点でIPTGを添加して最終濃度1mMとし、温度を30℃に下げた。16時間後、4000Xgで20分間培養液を遠心分離し、上清を回収し、分析用に4℃で保管した。
Tencon変異体ライブラリを所望の複雑度、及び分子内における変異体の相対位置に応じて、様々な方法で作成することができる。Tencon遺伝子全体に点在する変異体を作るには、DNA合成法が好ましい。遺伝子の異なる領域に変異を含有するDNA断片を組み換えるための、制限酵素クローニングも用いることができる。単一のTenconループなど、小さく定められた領域における飽和突然変異誘発は、変性オリゴヌクレオチド及びオリゴヌクレオチド指定突然変異誘発を用いて導入することができる(Kunkelら、1987)。
TconFG7−For5’pho:(配列番号18)
GAATACACCGTTTCTATCTACGGTGTTNNSNNSNNSNNSNNSNNSNNSCCGCTGTCTGCGGAATTCAC
1本鎖DNAテンプレートを精製するため、pDsbA−Tencon−Asc−loop−Myc−pIIIをもつ大腸菌CJ236のコロニーを1つ、カルベニシリン(50μg/mL最終濃度)及びクロラムフェニコール(10μg/mL)を含む2YT増殖培地5mLに取った。6時間後、VCSM13ヘルパーファージを最終濃度1010pfu/mLになるよう加え、振盪せずに10分間インキュベートし、カルベニシリン(10μg/mL)及びウリジン(0.25μg/mL)を含む2YT 150mLに移して200rpmで振盪しながら37℃で一晩インキュベートした。細胞を遠心分離で沈殿させ、上清を回収し、ファージをPEG NaClで沈殿させた。QIAprep Spin M13キット(Qiagen)をメーカーの使用説明書にしたがって用い、この沈殿物から1本鎖DNAを精製した。
Tc−BC6−For−5’phos:(配列番号19)
gactctctgcgtctgtcttggNNSNNSNNSNNSNNSNNSTTCGACTCTTTCCTGATCCAGTACC
POP 2149:(配列番号20)
GTGAATTCCGCAGACAGCGGSNNSNNSNNSNNSNNSNNSNNAACACCGTAGATAGAAACGGTG
トを増幅し、このプロセスにおいて、B:C及びF:Gループに同時にNNSコドンを導入した。2本鎖PCR生成物を、磁気ストレプトアビジンビーズ(Dynal)とB&W緩衝剤(10mM Tris−HCl(pH7.5)、1mM EDTA、2M NaCl、0.1% Tween−20)内で混合し、20分間インキュベート後、磁石で落とし、B&W緩衝剤で2回洗浄した。順方向鎖を150mM NaOH 300μLでビーズから溶出した。この「メガプライマー」(理論的多様性において8×1016を超える長いプライマーの混合物)を用い、1本鎖ライブラリテンプレートをアニーリングした。ライブラリ構築は、FG7ライブラリについて上述のとおりに実施した。
IgGに結合するTenconライブラリメンバーの選択を実施するため、組み換えIgG(ヒトIgG1サブタイプ)をスルホ−NHS−LC−ビオチン(Pierce)を用いてビオチン化し、PBS内に透析した。選択には、200μLのファージディスプレイライブラリFG7又はBC6/FG7を200μLのケミブロッカーでブロッキングした後、500nM(1回目)又は100nM(2回目及び3回目)の濃度のビオチン化IgGを添加した。結合したファージを、1回目はNeutravidin磁気ビーズ(Seradyne)で、2回目及び3回目はストレプトアビジン磁気ビーズ(Promega)で回収した。未結合のファージを、tween含有Tris緩衝生理食塩水(TBST)1mLで5〜10回洗浄し、続いてTris緩衝生理食塩水(TBS)1mLで2回洗浄し、ビーズから洗い流した。結合したファージを、対数期の中間部の大腸菌MC1061F’を加えることにより、ビーズから溶出した。感染細胞を、カルベニシリン及びブドウ糖が追加されたLB寒天平板上で培養した。翌日、細胞をプレートからかき取り、対数期の中間部まで増殖させた後、VCSM13ヘルパーファージで回復させ、一晩増殖した。PEG/NaCl沈殿で単離したファージ粒子を、次の選択回で用いた。
Claims (1)
- フィブロネクチン3型(FN3)ドメインの共通配列に由来するFN3ドメインに基づくタンパク質スカフォールドのライブラリを構築する方法であって、
配列番号16のアミノ酸配列に少なくとも90%同一性を有する、FN3ドメインの共通配列に由来するポリペプチドを提供する工程と、
該ポリペプチドのコピーに多様性を導入し、タンパク質スカフォールドライブラリを形成する工程と、を含む、方法。
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