JP6056789B2 - 電気自動車の回生制動制御装置 - Google Patents
電気自動車の回生制動制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6056789B2 JP6056789B2 JP2014035899A JP2014035899A JP6056789B2 JP 6056789 B2 JP6056789 B2 JP 6056789B2 JP 2014035899 A JP2014035899 A JP 2014035899A JP 2014035899 A JP2014035899 A JP 2014035899A JP 6056789 B2 JP6056789 B2 JP 6056789B2
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- battery
- regenerative braking
- temperature
- control device
- power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
- B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
- B60W2510/244—Charge state
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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Description
以下、本発明の第1実施形態について図1ないし図4を用いて詳細に説明する。図1は、本案を実施するための電気自動車の回生制動制御装置(システム)の構成を示す。
まず、この実施形態の概要について先に説明する。この電気自動車は、内燃機関から成るエンジンを装備していない。冷却機1は、車室内を空調する装置を兼ねてもよいが、この実施形態では専用の冷凍サイクル装置10を形成している。
そして、バッテリ5の出力を得るために、バッテリ5を加熱する加熱装置(電気ヒータ)を備える。バッテリ5が満充電時には、回生制動により得られる電力を用いて、バッテリを加熱する加熱サイクル装置11と、この加熱サイクル装置11の媒体を加熱するための加熱サイクル装置11とを積極的に動作させ、エネルギ消費モードにする。このことにより、バッテリ5の電力を消費させるものである。
この電気自動車は、内燃機関から成る高温のエンジン温調流体を生じるエンジンは搭載されていない。つまり電気自動車はハイブリッド自動車でも良いが、高温のエンジン温調流体の温度は利用できない。
ユーザが、どれだけアクセルを踏んでいるのかに基づいて、車としてどれだけのパワー(N/m)を出すかの算出をステップS201で行う。ここで要求駆動力の算出とは、車としてどのくらいのパワーを必要とするかの算出である。これに対して、クルーズ制御に入っているならば、クルーズコントロールの目標車速に対してどれだけのパワーが必要かの算出をステップS203で行う。
このようにして、電動発電機6の回生動力がクルーズ制御中において制御され、バッテリ5内を流れる温調流体の温度が適正化される。
(第1実施形態の作用効果)
上記実施形態においては、電気自動車の回生制動制御装置は、車両情報であるアクセルペダル、クルーズスイッチ、ブレーキスイッチ、車速、シフト入力を直接の入力としている。シフト入力は、回生電力の算出に用いる。また制御装置は、バッテリ5の情報である電圧値、バッテリ温度、温調流体温度、電流値を直接の入力としている。また、制御装置は、クルーズスイッチと走行状態とに応じて、運転モードを判断し、各装置に対して駆動信号を出力している。
クルーズ制御中において、回生制動が不可能になって、クレーズ制御が破綻する可能性、つまり、回生制動力だけでは必要とされる制動力が得られない可能性を事前に運転者に図3のステップS304において表示器17を用いて報知する。表示器17は、音声又はブザーを併用して報知することもでき、クルーズ制御の解除の可能性を事前に報知する。これによって運転者が知らない間にクルーズ制御が解除されて、前方車両と意図せず接近するなどの不具合を回避する。
この通知(クルーズキャンセル予告)の条件は、クルーズ中であることと、満充電であることと、回生電力で充分な制動力が得られないつまり、回生電力が小さいつまり加速することを知らせる。
上記の実施形態では、本発明の好ましい実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記した実施形態に何ら制限されることなく、本発明の主旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々変形して実施することが可能である。上記実施形態の構造は、あくまで例示であって、本発明の範囲はこれらの記載の範囲に限定されるものではない。本発明の範囲は、特許請求の範囲の記載によって示され、さらに特許請求の範囲の記載と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更を含むものである。
6T 車輪
6 電動発電機
6v インバータ
10c 熱交換器
10 冷凍サイクル装置
11 加熱サイクル装置
2 制御装置
ステップS303、ステップS305 電力消費制御手段
Claims (7)
- バッテリ(5)の電力で車輪(6T)を駆動する電動発電機(6)と、
前記電動発電機(6)を駆動し、前記車輪(6T)の回転エネルギで前記電動発電機(6)に発電させ、回生制動を行なわせるインバータ(6v)と、
熱交換器(10c)を含み、冷媒を前記バッテリ(5)の電力で圧縮し前記熱交換器で温熱を発生させるとともに、前記熱交換器で前記冷媒を蒸発させて冷熱を発生させる冷凍サイクル装置(10)と、
前記熱交換器(10c)によって加熱又は冷却され、前記バッテリ(5)の温度調整を行う媒体が流れる加熱サイクル装置(11)と、
前記冷凍サイクル装置(10)と、前記加熱サイクル装置(11)と、前記インバータ(6v)とを制御する制御装置(2)と、を備え、
前記バッテリ(5)を流れる前記媒体の温度が前記熱交換器(10c)によって調整され、前記媒体の温度を計測する温度センサ(TH)にて前記バッテリ(5)の温度を前記制御装置(2)が検出して前記媒体の温度が制御され、
前記制御装置(2)は、前記バッテリ(5)が、前記電動発電機(6)の回生電力を充電できない満充電状態にある場合に、前記冷凍サイクル装置(10)および前記加熱サイクル装置(11)を動作させて前記媒体を加熱又は冷却し、前記バッテリ(5)の温度を適正に調整しつつ前記バッテリ(5)の電力を強制的に消費させる電力消費制御手段(ステップS303、ステップS305)を有することを特徴とする電気自動車の回生制動制御装置。 - 前記電力消費制御手段(ステップS303、ステップS305)は、回生制動による制動力を確保するために、前記バッテリ(5)の充電状態に応じて前記冷凍サイクル装置(10)及び前記加熱サイクル装置(11)の制御を通常モードとエネルギ消費モードに切替え、前記通常モードでは、回生電力を利用して前記バッテリ(5)の充電を行いながら前記バッテリ(5)の温度を適正に調整し、前記エネルギ消費モードでは、前記冷凍サイクル装置(10)及び前記加熱サイクル装置(11)で、前記バッテリ(5)の電力を強制的にあらかじめ定めた所定のパターンで消費させ、前記バッテリ(5)を回生制動が可能な非満充電状態にすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気自動車の回生制動制御装置。
- 前記制御装置(2)は、前記バッテリ(5)が回生電力を充電できない満充電状態の場合に、前記冷凍サイクル装置(10)又は前記加熱サイクル装置(11)以外の他の電気負荷装置(20)により、前記バッテリ(5)の電力を強制的にあらかじめ定めた所定のパターンで消費させることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電気自動車の回生制動制御装置。
- 前記制御装置(2)は、前記冷凍サイクル装置(10)及び前記加熱サイクル装置(11)において、前記バッテリ(5)の電力を強制的に充分に消費させることができない場合は、ユーザに警報又は表示を行うことを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の電気自動車の回生制動制御装置。
- 更に、機械的ブレーキが運転者によって操作された場合に、定速走行制御を解除するクルーズ制御装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の電気自動車の回生制動制御装置。
- 前記制御装置(2)は、必要な回生制動力を得られない場合には、前記他の電気負荷装置(20)の中の電動ブレーキ制御装置により摩擦ブレーキを掛ける指示を出すことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電気自動車の回生制動制御装置。
- 内燃機関から成るエンジンを装備していない電気自動車に搭載されてなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の電気自動車の回生制動制御装置。
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