JP6046267B2 - セラミック成型体製造のためのセラミック前駆体無塩素ポリマーの合成方法 - Google Patents
セラミック成型体製造のためのセラミック前駆体無塩素ポリマーの合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6046267B2 JP6046267B2 JP2015547022A JP2015547022A JP6046267B2 JP 6046267 B2 JP6046267 B2 JP 6046267B2 JP 2015547022 A JP2015547022 A JP 2015547022A JP 2015547022 A JP2015547022 A JP 2015547022A JP 6046267 B2 JP6046267 B2 JP 6046267B2
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- polysilane
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- silicon carbide
- fiber
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/60—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
(i)塩素を含有しているオリゴシランを製造するためのメチルクロロジシラン混合物の不均化反応、
(ii)オリゴシラン中に含有されている塩素原子の第一級アミンと反応させることによる置換反応、
(iii)ポリシランを製造するための鎖形成剤を使用するオリゴシランの架橋反応、
を含む。
出発物質、即ち炭化水素基を有して/含有しており、上記の不均化によって得られる粗製のポリシラン/オリゴシランが、適切な不活性及び非プロトン性溶媒に溶解される。可能な溶媒としては、特に非プロトン性の非極性溶媒、例えば脂肪族炭化水素(例えば、n-ペンタン、n-ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、n-オクタン)、ハロゲン化炭化水素(例えば、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、1,1,1-トリクロロエタン、クロロベンゼン)又は芳香族炭化水素(例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、o-キシレン、sym-メシチレン)、更にエーテルを含有している溶媒(例えば、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン又はより高級な若しくは非対称のエーテル)等が挙げられる。この溶媒は好ましくはハロゲンが含まれていない炭化水素であり、より好ましくはベンゼン、トルエン、o-キシレンの群からの芳香族炭化水素である。
比較例は、3つの、即ち第1にオリゴシランの調製工程、第2にそのオリゴシランの気体のジメチルアミンによる変性工程、及び第3にジメチルアミン変性されたオリゴシランの熱架橋結合工程において製造された。
600gのメチルクロロジシラン混合物(それぞれ45モル%のCl2MeSiSiMeCl2及びCl2MeSiSiMe2Cl並びに10モル%のClMe2SiSiMe2Clからなるミュラー-ロショウ工程からの「ジシラン留分」、沸点150〜155℃)が、14gのN-メチルイミダゾール及び69gのフェニルトリクロロシランと混合され、0.5K/分で180℃まで加熱される。およそ450mlのMeSiCl3、Me2SiCl3及びMe2ClSiSiMe2Clからなる留出物並びに室温で固体であり、およそ25質量%の塩素含量を有する153gの暗褐色の加水分解しやすいオリゴシランが得られる。これはトルエン又はキシレンに溶解され、60質量%のオリゴシランを含有する溶液を生じる。
底弁、還流冷却器、KPGスターラー、内部温度計及び吸気チューブを備えた二重壁の2Lの反応容器中に、「ジシラン留分」の不均化によって得られたオリゴシランのトルエン又はキシレン中の60%溶液の1500mlが導入され、その溶液はその後0℃まで冷却される。その後およそ700gの気体のジメチルアミンが、液面下に激しい撹拌と共に3時間以内で導入される。その際、その混合物の温度は、30〜35℃に上昇し、反応の終了に向かって再び低下する。その生成物は、加圧アルゴン下で底弁によって除去され、分離されたジメチルアンモニウムクロリドは、圧力吸引ろ過器により濾別される。溶媒はその濾液から留去される。その変性オリゴシランは、依然としておよそ1.5〜2質量%の塩素を含有する。
600gの変性オリゴシランが、蒸留装置の中でおよそ400℃の終了温度までゆっくり加熱される。加熱手順の間、およそ200mlの黄色がかった留出物が得られ、その本体の凝固は架橋結合の終点を指し示す。冷却後、得られたコポリマーは、その塩素含量が今やわずかほぼ0.5質量%であり、トルエンに溶解され、未焼成繊維の製造のための乾式紡糸工程において使用することができる。
ポリシラン調製の第1及び第2工程、即ちWO2010072739による不均化及び気体のジメチルアミンを使用する変性(比較例を参照)は、本発明によるポリシランの調製のために実施することができる。その調製方法の第3工程、WO2010072739による熱架橋結合は、本発明によっては実施されない。代わりに、重合が鎖形成剤による架橋結合により行われる。本発明によれば、この架橋反応は、以下のプロトコルに従って行い得る:
実施例2の反応は、実施例1と同様に行われる。HMDAの代わりに1,2-エチレンジアミンが鎖形成剤として使用される。
実施例3の反応は、実施例1と同様に行われる。HMDAの代わりにメラミンが鎖形成剤として使用される。
実施例4の反応は、実施例1と同様に行われる。HMDAの代わりにトリエチレンジアミン(TREN)が鎖形成剤として使用される。
実施例5の反応は、実施例1と同様に行われる。HMDAの代わりにグリセリンが鎖形成剤として使用される。
実施例6の反応は、実施例1と同様に行われる。HMDAの代わりにトリエタノールアミンが鎖形成剤として使用される。
実施例7の反応は、実施例1と同様に行われる。HMDAの提示されている濃度の代わりに、1〜20モル%のHMDAを使用することも可能である。
乾式紡糸工程における加工
本発明によって調製されたポリシランは、乾式紡糸により未焼成繊維に加工される。このために、そのポリシランは、トルエン、THF又はジオキサンに溶解され、ポンプにより7μmの直径を有する紡糸口金を通して導かれる。結果として生じる圧力は、5〜250バールである。その紡糸カラムは、30℃の窒素雰囲気を含む。50〜200m/分の引取り速度で、少なくとも6〜8の延伸倍率を実現することができる。その後の工程のための適切な未焼成繊維を得ることが可能である。
熱分解
硬化された繊維が、最高1200℃までの保護ガス雰囲気の下で熱分解される。その加熱速度は10K/分である。400〜500℃で、ポリシランの炭化ケイ素への変換は完全である。セラミックSiCN繊維が製造され、それは、例えば19〜25μmの直径を有しており、元素分析によると、50質量%のケイ素、39質量%の炭素、7質量%の窒素、3質量%の酸素及び1質量%の塩素から構成される。
10 うねりのある境界線
11 外側を覆う円形
12 最大限の円形表面
Claims (11)
- 以下の工程:
(i) 塩素含有オリゴシランを製造するためのメチルクロロジシラン混合物の不均化反応、
(ii) 前記オリゴシラン中に含有される塩素原子の第二級アミンとの反応による置換反応、
(iii) ジアミン、トリアミン、ジオール及び/又はトリオールから選択される鎖形成剤を使用してポリシランを製造する、前記オリゴシランの架橋反応
を含む、ポリシランを調製する方法。 - 1,6-ジアミノヘキサン、1,2-エチレンジアミン、メラミン、トリエチレンジアミン、グリセリン及び/又はトリエタノールアミンが、鎖形成剤として使用される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記鎖形成剤が、前記オリゴシランと比較して、1から40質量%の濃度で使用される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリシランが、1000から10000g/モルの分子量Mw及び二峰性の分子量分布、及び/又は1から5の多分散性を有する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリシランが、トルエン中50質量%の溶液において25℃で5から50mPasの粘度を有する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリシランが、乾式紡糸中に5から10の延伸倍率で紡糸できる、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリシランが、0から75%の値の1時間当たりの繊維フィラメント減少を有する、請求項4から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリシランが、トルエン及び/若しくはジオキサン中に70から90質量%の濃度で溶解でき、且つ/又は最高800℃までの熱分解中に少なくとも60%のセラミックの収率を有する、請求項4から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって調製されたポリシランが、ポリシラン繊維に紡糸され、前記ポリシラン繊維が、熱分解によって炭化ケイ素繊維に変換される、炭化ケイ素繊維を製造する方法。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって調製されたポリシランから製造されるポリシラン繊維並びにマトリクス材を含み、且つ/又はセラミック繊維複合材料に変換される、繊維複合材料を調製する方法。
- 軽量構築物、電気産業、宇宙旅行、自動車組立て及び航空機組立て用の炭化ケイ素を含有する成型品又は繊維複合材料を製造するための、請求項1から8及び10のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって調製されたポリシラン又は繊維複合材料の使用。
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DE102012223258.3 | 2012-12-14 | ||
DE102012223258.3A DE102012223258A1 (de) | 2012-12-14 | 2012-12-14 | Verfahren zur Synthese eines chlorfreien, präkeramischen Polymers für die Herstellung von keramischen Formkörpern |
PCT/EP2013/076349 WO2014090934A1 (de) | 2012-12-14 | 2013-12-12 | Verfahren zur synthese eines chlorfreien, präkeramischen polymers für die herstellung von keramischen formkörpern |
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JP2015547022A Active JP6046267B2 (ja) | 2012-12-14 | 2013-12-12 | セラミック成型体製造のためのセラミック前駆体無塩素ポリマーの合成方法 |
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US (1) | US9644073B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2931789B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6046267B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101877107B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102012223258A1 (ja) |
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US4537942A (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1985-08-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polyhydridosilanes and their conversion to pyropolymers |
US4737552A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1988-04-12 | Dow Corning Corporation | Ceramic materials from polycarbosilanes |
US4889899A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-12-26 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of producing silicon carbide preceramic vinyl-containing polymers |
JPH0672190B2 (ja) * | 1988-11-25 | 1994-09-14 | ダウ コーニング コーポレーシヨン | アルキルポリシラン及び該アルキルポリシランを用いたセラミック材料の製造方法 |
JPH04245924A (ja) * | 1991-01-30 | 1992-09-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 炭化珪素繊維及びその製造方法 |
US5407987A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1995-04-18 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Polycyclic aromatic group - pendant polysilanes and conductive polymers derived therefrom |
DE4405603A1 (de) | 1994-02-22 | 1995-08-24 | Solvay Deutschland | Verfahren zur Herstellung von sauerstofffreien bzw. sauerstoffarmen hochtemperaturbeständigen Siliciumcarbidformkörpern |
US6020447A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 2000-02-01 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Sonichemical synthesis of silicon carbide precursors and methods for preparation thereof |
CN101180579B (zh) * | 2005-05-24 | 2012-06-27 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 含有聚硅烷化合物的形成光刻用下层膜的组合物 |
KR20100058591A (ko) * | 2007-08-27 | 2010-06-03 | 닛산 가가쿠 고교 가부시키 가이샤 | 리소그래피용 레지스트 하층막 형성 조성물 및 반도체 장치의 제조방법 |
DE102008064372A1 (de) | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Polysilan-Polycarbosilane mit reduziertem Chlorgehalt auf Basis von Methylchlorpolysilanen sowie daraus hergestellte Spinnmassen und keramische Formkörper |
DE102009056371A1 (de) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-07-14 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 80686 | Polysilan-Polycarbonsilane mit reduziertem Kohlenstoffgehalt auf Basis von Methylchlorpolysilanen sowie daraus hergestellte Keramiken |
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KR101877107B1 (ko) | 2018-07-10 |
WO2014090934A1 (de) | 2014-06-19 |
WO2014090934A8 (de) | 2014-10-02 |
US20150274897A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
JP2016509078A (ja) | 2016-03-24 |
ES2727492T3 (es) | 2019-10-16 |
KR20150096727A (ko) | 2015-08-25 |
EP2931789A1 (de) | 2015-10-21 |
US9644073B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
EP2931789B1 (de) | 2019-03-27 |
DE102012223258A1 (de) | 2014-06-18 |
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