JP6045034B2 - 排ガス処理装置の作動方法 - Google Patents
排ガス処理装置の作動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6045034B2 JP6045034B2 JP2013501748A JP2013501748A JP6045034B2 JP 6045034 B2 JP6045034 B2 JP 6045034B2 JP 2013501748 A JP2013501748 A JP 2013501748A JP 2013501748 A JP2013501748 A JP 2013501748A JP 6045034 B2 JP6045034 B2 JP 6045034B2
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- temperature
- reducing agent
- exhaust gas
- gas treatment
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 144
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 106
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 13
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012628 flowing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediimine Chemical compound N=C=N VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitric oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0878—Bypassing absorbents or adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Description
(a)還元剤が供給されなければならないかどうか調査するステップ;
(b1)決定された第1の温度(7)が第1の閾値温度(8)よりも低い場合に、およびステップ(a)により還元剤が供給されなければならない場合に、前記第1の閾値温度(8)に達するまで前記ヒータ(3)によって加熱するステップ;
(b2)決定された第2の温度(9)が第2の閾値温度(10)よりも低い場合に、およびステップ(a)により還元剤が供給されなくてよい場合に、前記第2の閾値温度(10)に達するまで前記ヒータ(3)によって加熱するステップ;および、
(c)ステップ(a)により還元剤が供給されなければならない場合に、還元剤を供給するステップ。
第1の閾値温度_加水分解:加水分解触媒コンバータにて160℃を超えて最高240℃まで。
第1の閾値温度_熱分解(NH3およびNO2が存在する場合):加水分解触媒コンバータにて130℃〜160℃の間。
2…内燃機関
3…ヒータ
4…供給装置
5…加水分解触媒コンバータ
6…SCR触媒コンバータ
7…第1の温度
8…第1の閾値温度
9…第2の温度
10…第2の閾値温度
11…ストア
12…最小貯留量
13…窒素センサ
14…第3の温度
15…ガス状の供給
16…車両
17…制御装置
18…第3の閾値温度
19…コーティング
20…最大貯留量
21…ローディング
22…温度センサ
23…還元剤投与システム
24…酸化触媒コンバータ
25…粒子フィルタ
26…加熱プロセス
27…時間軸
28…温度軸
29…液体の供給
30…排ガス処理コンポーネント
Claims (5)
- 排ガスの排気系統に少なくとも1つのヒータ(3)および少なくとも1つの還元剤の供給装置(4)を有するとともに前記排気系統に直列に設けられる加水分解触媒コンバータ(5)、還元剤の量が一時的に貯留され得るストア(11)及びSCR触媒コンバータ(6)を有する排ガス処理装置(1)を作動するための方法であって、少なくとも以下のステップ:
還元剤が供給されなければならないかどうか調査するステップ(a);
前記排ガス処理装置内の排ガスの温度を測定する第1の温度センサを有する排気系統の場所で決定された第1の温度(7)が前記ヒータの制御のための第1の閾値温度(8)よりも低い場合に、およびステップ(a)により還元剤が供給されなければならない場合に、前記第1の閾値温度(8)に達するまで前記排気系統を前記ヒータ(3)によって加熱するステップ(b1);
前記排ガス処理装置内の排ガスの温度を測定する前記第1の温度センサまたは第2の温度センサを有する排気系統の場所で決定された第2の温度(9)が前記ヒータの制御のための第2の閾値温度(10)よりも低い場合に、およびステップ(a)により還元剤が供給されなくてよい場合に、前記第2の閾値温度(10)に達するまで前記排気系統を前記ヒータ(3)によって加熱するステップ(b2);および、
ステップ(a)により還元剤が供給されなければならない場合に、還元剤を供給するステップ(c);
を含み、
前記第1の温度(7)が前記第1の閾値温度(8)よりも高い場合に、少なくとも前記加水分解触媒コンバータ(5)での加水分解、または、前記加水分解触媒コンバータ(5)での液体還元剤の熱分解、または前記加水分解触媒コンバータ(5)での液体還元剤の蒸発が起こることができるように、前記第1の閾値温度(8)は選択され、
前記第2の温度(9)が前記第2の閾値温度(10)よりも高い場合に、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(6)の酸化窒素合成物の選択接触還元が起こることができるように、前記第2の閾値温度(10)は選択され、
少なくとも前記第1の温度(7)または前記第2の温度(9)および前記排ガス処理装置(1)を通過する前記排ガスのマスフローが、少なくとも前記第1の閾値温度(8)または前記第2の閾値温度(10)が前記ヒータ(3)によって達成されることができる範囲内にある場合だけ、前記ヒータ(3)は起動する、
方法。 - 最初に前記ストア(11)に貯留される還元剤の量は決定され、そしてステップ(a)において、前記決定された還元剤の量に応じた最小貯留量(12)よりも貯留された還元剤の量が少ない場合に、還元剤の供給が起こらなければならないことが確認される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 還元剤のための前記供給装置(4)は、液体またはガス状の還元剤を選択的に前記排ガス処理装置(1)に供給することができ、そしてステップ(a)において、前記第1の閾値温度(8)が前記ヒータ(3)によって達成されることができるかどうかも調査され、そしてステップ(c)において、液体の還元剤の供給では前記第1の閾値温度(8)に達することができない場合に、ガス状の供給は提供される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 還元剤の供給が起こる時間セグメントは、内燃機関(2)の全作動時間の25%以下である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 内燃機関(2)ならびに、排ガスの排気系統にヒータ(3)、還元剤の供給装置(4)、前記排気系統に直列に設けられる加水分解触媒コンバータ(5)、還元剤の量が一時的に貯留され得るストア(11)及びSCR触媒コンバータ(6)、さらに排ガス処理装置内の排ガスの温度を測定する温度センサ、を有して制御装置(17)が備わる排ガス処理装置(1)を有し、前記制御装置(17)は請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法を実行するために準備される、車両(16)。
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