JP6032007B2 - 発泡構造材、樹脂製パネルの製造方法 - Google Patents
発泡構造材、樹脂製パネルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6032007B2 JP6032007B2 JP2012288328A JP2012288328A JP6032007B2 JP 6032007 B2 JP6032007 B2 JP 6032007B2 JP 2012288328 A JP2012288328 A JP 2012288328A JP 2012288328 A JP2012288328 A JP 2012288328A JP 6032007 B2 JP6032007 B2 JP 6032007B2
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Images
Classifications
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C65/022—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for
- B29C65/028—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for making use of inherent heat, i.e. the heat for the joining comes from the moulding process of one of the parts to be joined
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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- B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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Landscapes
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
この発泡構造材は、補強材を嵌合するための直線状の溝部が設けられる発泡体を、前記溝部において割断した、第1の芯材及び第2の芯材と、第1の芯材及び第2の芯材がそれぞれ前記補強材の一方及び他方から嵌合された補強材と、を含む。
この樹脂製パネル用の製造方法は、補強材を嵌合するための直線状の溝部が設けられる発泡体を、前記溝部において割断して、第1の芯材及び第2の芯材に分割する工程と、第1の芯材及び第2の芯材をそれぞれ前記補強材の一方及び他方から嵌合して、芯材と補強材が一体となった発泡構造材を組み立てる工程と、表皮材シートとなる樹脂シートを前記発泡構造材に溶着させる工程とを含む。
図1に示すように、実施形態に係る樹脂製パネル1の外形は、おもて面1aと裏面1b、及びおもて面1aと裏面1bの間に介在する側壁面1cからなる。おもて面1a、裏面1b、及び側壁面1cは熱可塑性樹脂の樹脂シートSA,SBによって構成されており、その内部には内装材10(発泡構造材)が内装されている。つまり、樹脂製パネル1は、熱可塑性樹脂の樹脂シートSA,SBによって、内装材10を挟み込むようにしたサンドイッチ構造となっている。
芯材21,22の厚さは、樹脂製パネル1としての目標厚さ、さらには、樹脂製パネル1の目標の剛性を確保するための樹脂シートの厚さに応じて適宜決定され、特に限定されるものではない。
ガラスフィラーとしては、ガラス繊維、ガラスクロスやガラス不織布などのガラス繊維布、ガラスビーズ、ガラスフレーク、ガラスパウダー、ミルドガラスなどが挙げられる。ガラスの種類としては、Eガラス、Cガラス、Aガラス、Sガラス、Dガラス、NEガラス、Tガラス、クオーツ、低誘電率ガラス、高誘電率ガラスなどが挙げられる。
なお、ガラスフィラーに限らず、剛性を上げるためのタルク、炭酸カルシウム、珪灰石(Wollastonite)、マグネシウム系材料等の無機フィラー、カーボンファイバー等を混入させてもよい。
次に、図3〜図10を参照して、本実施形態の内装材10及びその製造方法について説明する。
図3は、実施形態の内装材10の芯材21,22となる発泡体20の斜視図である。図4A及び図4Bは、図3に示す発泡体20を成形する工程を順に説明するための図である。図5は、実施形態の内装材10の芯材21,22となる発泡体20の平面図である。図6(a)〜(d)はそれぞれ、図5に示すA−A,B−B,C−C,D−Dの断面図である。図7は、図5に示すE部の拡大斜視図である。図8は、実施形態の内装材10を組み立てる工程を示す図である。図10は、実施形態の内装材10の、図5のB−Bに相当する位置における断面図である。
本実施形態の芯材21,22は、一体物として成形される発泡体20を割断することによって作製される。図3に示すように、発泡体20の外形は、おもて面20aと裏面20b、及びおもて面20aと裏面20bの間に介在する側壁面20cからなる。
図3に示すように、発泡体20のおもて面20aには一端から他端に亘って直線状の溝部230が形成されている。なお、発泡体20の裏面20bにもおもて面20aと同様に、溝部230形成されている。溝部230は、発泡体20を割断し、かつ割断後に補強材30を嵌合するために設けられている。溝部230については後で詳述する。
発泡体20は、図4A及び図4Bに示す成形装置50を使用してビーズ法型内発泡成形法によって成形される。図4A(a)に示すように、成形装置50には対向して配置される型51,52が設けられる。型51,52はそれぞれ、空室53,54の一部を構成している。空室53,54には、冷却管41,42が配設されている。
図4A(a)に示す状態から型51,52を閉じると、図4A(b)に示すように型51,52による密閉空間であるキャビティ50aが形成される。型51,52が閉じられた状態で、フィーダ43,44を通して発泡ビーズを充填する。充填される発泡ビーズの量は、例えばキャビティ50aの容積の105〜110%である。次に、図4B(c)に示すように、蒸気注入口55,56より、空室53,54に蒸気(例えば蒸気圧3.0〜3.5kgf/cm2 )を、例えば10〜30秒間注入する。蒸気は型に形成された細孔から発泡ビーズ内の気泡、個々間の空隙に入り込み、ビーズ相互を融着させる。その後、図4B(d)に示すように、冷却水注入口57,58から冷却水を冷却管41,42に注入し、型51,52に噴霧して型51,52および発泡体20を冷して発泡体20を固化させる。次いで、図4B(e)に示すように型を開けて発泡体20を取り出す。発泡体20はその後、例えば50〜70°Cの部屋に12〜24時間置いて養生させることで硬化を促進させ、ヒケ、変形を防止する。
次に、発泡体20の溝部230の詳細形状について、図5〜7を参照して説明する。以下では、おもて面20a側の溝部230についてのみ説明するが、裏面20b側の溝部230も同様の形状である。なお、本実施形態では、溝部230の中央にあるおもて面20aに直交する面を想定したときに、その面を挟んで溝部230は対称構な構造になっている。
突起211a,221aの高さ、係合面211,221が延びる方向に沿った長さ、及び各突起の個数は、芯材21,22と補強材30を組み立てるときの作業性(つまり、嵌合するときの力)と、芯材21,22を補強材30に嵌合した後の離脱力とを勘案して、適宜に設定される。
なお、図5に示したように、浅溝230aと深溝230bはそれぞれ複数個を交互に設けることが好ましい。これは、成形性と作業性を両立しつつ、係合面211,221が延びる方向に沿って複数の浅溝の位置が分散されるため、発泡体20の割断位置の精度が良好となるためである。
なお、図7に示す例では、ストッパ212,222はおもて面20aと同一の平面を構成しているが、これに限られない。ストッパ212,222は、補強材30がその長手方向に沿って移動して脱落することを防止できればよいので、必ずしもおもて面20aと同一平面である必要はなく、補強材30が係合する係合面211,221よりもおもて面20a側に突出していればよい。
次に、発泡体20が成形された後の工程について説明する。
発泡体20が成形されると、発泡体20を溝部230の浅溝230a及び深溝230bにおいて割断して、第1の芯材及び第2の芯材としての芯材21,22に分割する。次いで、図8に示すように、芯材21,22をそれぞれ補強材30の一方及び他方から嵌合して、芯材21,22と補強材30が一体となった内装材10を組み立てる。図9に示すように、内装材10において突起211a,221aが形成された箇所では芯材21,22の補強材30に対する面圧が高くなり、かつ仮に芯材21,22がそれぞれ図中の右方向又は左方向に移動した場合でも補強材30の突起30aが芯材21,22の突起211a,221aと当接して芯材21,22が補強材30から離脱しない。なお、図10に示すように、突起30aがない補強材30を使用してもよい。この場合でも、芯材21,22の突起211a,221aが設けられた位置で補強材30との間の面圧が高くなるため、芯材21,22がそれぞれ図中の右方向又は左方向に離脱し難くなる。
次に、図11〜17を参照して、実施形態の樹脂製パネル1を、金型を用いて成形する装置および方法について説明する。
図11に示すように、実施形態の成形装置90は、押出装置60と、押出装置60の下方に配置された型締装置70とを有する。押出装置60から押出された溶融状態の樹脂シートPは、型締装置70に送られ、型締装置70において溶融状態の樹脂シートPが成形される。なお、図11では、型締装置70及び溶融状態の樹脂シートPのみを断面図で示してある。
先ず、図11に示したように、押出装置60から溶融状態の樹脂シートPが各ダイスリットから鉛直下方に押し出される。この押し出された樹脂シートPはそれぞれ、ローラ65A,65Bを通して、一対の分割金型71A,71Bの間に供給される。この時点で、一対の分割金型71A,71Bは開位置にある。
また、あらかじめ、装飾シートを分割金型の形成面に設置しておき、樹脂シートPの成形と同時に、樹脂シートPを装飾シートに溶着させてもよい。
尚、布製の装飾シートとしては、不織布が好ましい。特に、かえしのある針を突き刺して機械的に繊維を結合させてなるニードルパンチ不織布を用いることが、溶着強度向上のうえで好ましい。
尚、形成面72A,72Bの周囲にある摺動部75A,75Bの先端から樹脂シートP側の空気を吸引できるように構成することで、樹脂シートPを摺動部75A,75Bに接触させた状態で、確実に保持することができる。また、キャビティを吸引して樹脂シートPを形成面72A,72Bに沿った形状にするときに、皺が発生することを抑制できる。
また、鉛直下方に溶融状態の樹脂シートを押し出す構成とすることで製造装置の占有面積を減らすことができる。なぜなら、例えば、水平方向に押し出して成形する場合は、水平方向に樹脂シートを移動させるための搬送装置が別途必要になるとともに、当該搬送装置や金型を押出装置と水平方向に並べて設置することが必要になるからである。
なお、上述した実施形態の樹脂製パネルの成形方法は、適宜変形するようにしてもよい。以下、実施形態の樹脂製パネルの成形方法の変形例について説明する。
上述した樹脂製パネルの成形方法では、一対のTダイが溶融状態の樹脂シートを押し出す場合について説明したが、円筒状のパリソンを切断しつつ押し出すことで樹脂シートを得るようにしてもよい。
上述した樹脂製パネルの成形方法では、一対の分割金型71A,71Bを閉位置に移動させる前に、樹脂シートPと一対の分割金型71A,71Bの形成面72A,72Bとの間にキャビティを形成する場合について説明したが、これに限られない。一対の分割金型71A,71Bを閉位置に移動させることでキャビティを形成するようにしてもよい。
上述した樹脂製パネルの成形方法では、樹脂シートPを一対の分割金型71A,71Bの形成面72A,72Bに押圧させるために、キャビティ内部の空気を吸引するようにした場合について説明したが、これに限られない。樹脂シートPに空気等の流体を吹き付けることによって樹脂シートPを一対の分割金型71A,71Bの形成面72A,72Bに押圧させるようにしてもよい(ブロー成形)。
上述した樹脂製パネルの成形方法では、溶融状態の樹脂シートの外層を分割金型の形成面に押圧させる工程は、キャビティからの吸引による方法、又はブロー成形による方法を用いたが、これらの方法に限られない。キャビティを形成することなく、内装材10を用いて溶融状態の樹脂シートを分割金型のキャビティに押し付ける方法を適用してもよい。この方法について、図16及び図17を参照して説明する。
図16は、溶融状態の樹脂シートに対して内装材10を押し付ける前の状態を示す図である。図17は、溶融状態の樹脂シートに対して内装材10を分割金型の形成面に達するまで押し付けた後の状態を示す図である。
マニピュレータ120がさらに移動させられ、樹脂シートPの外層が分割金型71Bの形成面72Bに達すると、図17に示す状態となる。このとき、マニピュレータ120によって樹脂シートPの外層が内装材10を介して形成面72Bに押し付けられる。その後、内装材10からマニピュレータ120が取り外される。
すなわち、図15に示したように、一対の分割金型71A,71Bを開位置から閉位置まで移動させて、型締する。これにより、一方の樹脂シートP(図面右側)に対して溶着されていた内装材10が他方の樹脂シートP(図面左側)に対しても溶着される。そして、一対の樹脂シートが分割金型71A,71Bの形成面72A,72Bに押圧させられ、図13に示すように、形成面72A,72Bに沿った形状、すなわち、樹脂製パネル1の略外形に形成される。さらに、一対の分割金型71A,71Bのピンチオフ部74A,74Bにおいて、一対の樹脂シートPの周縁が溶着させられ、パーティングラインPLが形成される。最後に、一対の分割金型71A,71Bを再び開位置に移動させ、成形した樹脂製パネル1を形成面72A,72Bから離間させ、パーティングラインPLまわりに形成されたバリを、カッター等で切断して除去する。以上で、樹脂シートSA、内装材10、樹脂シートSBが積層された樹脂製パネル1が完成する。
例えば、本発明の発泡構造材は、樹脂製パネルの内装材として用いる場合に限定されず、発泡構造材を樹脂シートで覆わずに、そのままの状態で、補強部材、緩衝部材、断熱部材などとして用いることができる。具体的には、木材などで形成された板材に固定したり、当該板材でサンドイッチして使用してもよい。
SA,SB…樹脂シート(表皮材シート)
1a…おもて面
1b…裏面
1c…側壁面
10…内装材(発泡構造材)
21…芯材
22…芯材
30…補強材
20…成形体
20a…おもて面
20b…裏面
20c…側壁面
230…溝部
230a…浅溝
230b…深溝
211,221…係合面
211a,221a…突起
212、222…ストッパ
50…成形装置
50a…キャビティ
41,42…冷却管
43,44…フィーダ
51,52…型
53,54…空室
55,56…蒸気注入口
57,58…冷却水注入口
60…押出装置
70…型締装置
61A,61B…Tダイ
65A,65B…ローラ
71A,71B…分割金型
72A,72B…形成面
73A,73B…真空チャンバ
74A,74B…ピンチオフ部
75A,75B…摺動部
90…成形装置
P…樹脂シート
Claims (9)
- 補強材を嵌合するための直線状の溝部が設けられた、発泡体である第1の芯材及び第2の芯材と、
第1の芯材及び第2の芯材の前記溝部がそれぞれ前記補強材の一方及び他方から嵌合されている補強材と、
を含み、
前記補強材は、断面形状がH形であって、
前記第1の芯材及び前記第2の芯材の少なくともいずれかの芯材の溝部は、H形の前記補強材の互いに対向する一対の面と係合する一対の係合面を含み、前記係合面には、前記補強材の前記一対の面に向かって突出する1又は複数の突起が形成されていることを特徴とする、
発泡構造材。 - 補強材を嵌合するための直線状の溝部が設けられた、発泡体である第1の芯材及び第2の芯材と、
第1の芯材及び第2の芯材の前記溝部がそれぞれ前記補強材の一方及び他方から嵌合されている補強材と、
を含み、
前記第1の芯材及び前記第2の芯材の少なくともいずれかの芯材の溝部の端には、前記補強材の脱落を防止するためのストッパが形成されていることを特徴とする、
発泡構造材。 - 前記ストッパは、前記第1の芯材及び前記第2の芯材の少なくともいずれかの芯材の溝部の両端に形成されていることを特徴とする、
請求項2に記載された発泡構造体。 - 補強材を嵌合するための直線状の溝部が設けられた、発泡体である第1の芯材及び第2の芯材と、
第1の芯材及び第2の芯材の前記溝部がそれぞれ前記補強材の一方及び他方から嵌合されている補強材と、
を含み、
第1の芯材及び第2の芯材のそれぞれの前記直線状の溝部には、当該溝部が形成されている直線方向に沿って、複数の浅溝と深溝がそれぞれ交互に形成されていることを特徴とする、
発泡構造材。 - 発泡構造材を表皮材シートで覆う樹脂製パネルの製造方法であって、
補強材を嵌合するための直線状の溝部が設けられる発泡体を、前記溝部において割断して、第1の芯材及び第2の芯材に分割する工程と、
第1の芯材及び第2の芯材をそれぞれ前記補強材の一方及び他方から嵌合して、芯材と補強材が一体となった発泡構造材を組み立てる工程と、
表皮材シートとなる樹脂シートを前記発泡構造材に溶着させる工程と
を含む、樹脂製パネルの製造方法。 - 前記補強材は、断面形状がH形であって、
前記第1の芯材及び前記第2の芯材の少なくともいずれかの芯材の溝部は、H形の前記補強材の互いに対向する一対の面と係合する一対の係合面を含み、前記係合面には1又は、前記補強材の前記一対の面に向かって突出する複数の突起が形成されていることを特徴とする、
請求項5に記載された、樹脂製パネルの製造方法。 - 前記第1の芯材及び前記第2の芯材の少なくともいずれかの芯材の溝部の端には、前記補強材の脱落を防止するためのストッパが形成されていることを特徴とする、
請求項5又は6に記載された、樹脂製パネルの製造方法。 - 前記ストッパは、前記第1の芯材及び前記第2の芯材の少なくともいずれかの芯材の溝部の両端に形成されていることを特徴とする、
請求項7に記載された樹脂製パネルの製造方法。 - 前記発泡体の溝部には、前記発泡体を割断するための溝として複数の浅溝と深溝がそれぞれ交互に形成されていることを特徴とする、
請求項5〜8のいずれかに記載された、樹脂製パネルの製造方法。
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JP7064133B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-27 | 2022-05-10 | キョーラク株式会社 | 構造体の製造方法及びパネル |
JP7132489B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-27 | 2022-09-07 | キョーラク株式会社 | 構造体の製造方法及びパネル |
WO2019208631A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | キョーラク株式会社 | 構造体の製造方法及びパネル |
US20220139364A1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Sandwich-structured panels and method of manufacture |
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