JP6023070B2 - 固形廃棄物流における湿潤材料および乾燥材料の機械選別 - Google Patents
固形廃棄物流における湿潤材料および乾燥材料の機械選別 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
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- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
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- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
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- B03C1/18—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts with magnets moving during operation
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- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/23—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp
- B03C1/24—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp with material carried by travelling fields
- B03C1/247—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp with material carried by travelling fields obtained by a rotating magnetic drum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
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- B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B07B9/02—Combinations of similar or different apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/18—Magnetic separation whereby the particles are suspended in a liquid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
本願は、「MECHANIZED SEPARATION OF MIXED SOLID WASTE AND RECOVERY OF RECYCLABLE PRODUCTS」という発明の名称で、2011年8月30日付で出願された米国特許出願第13/221,637号の優先権を主張し、同出願は、「MECHANIZED SEPARATION OF MIXED SOLID WASTE AND RECOVERY OF RECYCLABLE PRODUCTS」という発明の名称で、2010年11月24日付で出願された米国仮特許出願第61/417,216号の利益を主張し、両出願の内容全体は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
この出願の発明に関連する先行技術文献情報としては、以下のものがある(国際出願日以降国際段階で引用された文献及び他国に国内移行した際に引用された文献を含む)。
(先行技術文献)
(特許文献)
(特許文献1) 米国特許第6,199,779号明細書
(特許文献2) 米国特許第4,844,351号明細書
(特許文献3) 米国特許出願公開第2006/0081513号明細書
(特許文献4) 米国特許出願公開第2009/0008298号明細書
(特許文献5) 米国特許出願公開第2009/0032442号明細書
都市固形廃棄物(「MSW」)(すなわち、ごみや生ごみ)は、主に、家庭廃棄物を含むタイプの廃棄物材料であり、家庭廃棄物の他にも、自治体によって収集され、または自治体や一定区域内の産業事業者によって雇われた請負業者によって収集される商業廃棄物を含むこともある。これらの廃棄物は、固形または半固形のいずれかであり、一般に、危険産業廃棄物を含まない。
以下、図1を参照すると、都市固形廃棄物の選別方法100を図示する流れ図が示されている。1つの実施形態において、この方法は、混合廃棄物流102を提供する工程を含む。混合廃棄物流は、湿潤有機廃棄物、乾燥有機廃棄物、および無機廃棄物を含んでもよい。1つの実施形態において、混合廃棄物流102における湿潤有機廃棄物、乾燥有機廃棄物、および無機廃棄物の重量パーセントは、それぞれ、(互いに関係なく)少なくとも5%、少なくとも10%、少なくとも20%、少なくとも50%、または少なくとも75%(3つの重量パーセントの和は100%を超えない)である。1つの実施形態において、混合固形都市廃棄物102は、未処理の都市廃棄物であってもよい。例えば、固形廃棄物流102は、都市ごみ収集プロセスから直接提供されてもよい。
以下、図4を参照すると、都市固形廃棄物の選別システム400が開示されている。1つの態様において、システム400は、第1のサイズ分布を有する粉砕廃棄物を生じるために、初期都市固形廃棄物を粉砕するように構成された粉砕デバイス402を含む。市場で入手可能な多数の固形廃棄物グラインダまたはシュレッダは、初期固形廃棄物流の破砕に適応されるか、または適応可能である。例えば、Vecoplan,LLC(ノースカロライナ州High Point)は、本明細書に記載されるシステム400に組み込み可能な多数の固形廃棄物シュレッダを製造している。
Claims (14)
- 固形廃棄物を選別する方法であって、
湿潤有機廃棄物、乾燥有機廃棄物、および無機廃棄物を含む混合固形廃棄物流を提供する工程と、
シュレッダーカットオフサイズまたはそれ以下に収まるサイズを有する細断廃棄物を生じるように、前記シュレッダーカットオフサイズで構成されるシュレッダー中の前記混合固形廃棄物を細断する工程と、
湿潤有機物において豊富なアンダー分別物と、乾燥有機物において豊富なオーバー分別物とを生じるように、前記細断された固形廃棄物を第1のサイズ選別ユニット中でサイズ別に細分化する工程であって、前記第1のサイズ選別ユニットは第1のサイズ選別カットオフを有し、前記オーバー分別物は、10未満の、上側カットオフサイズと下側カットオフサイズとの比率を有し、前記上側カットオフサイズは前記シュレッダーカットオフサイズによって定義され、および前記下側カットオフサイズは前記第1のサイズ選別カットオフによって定義される、前記細分化する工程と、
重量分別物および軽量分別物を生じるように、前記オーバー分別物を第3の比重選別ユニット中で細分化し、前記第3の比重選別ユニットからの前記重量分別物を第4の比重選別ユニット中で細分化し、これにより乾燥有機分別物、湿潤有機分別物、及び無機分別物を生成する工程と、
前記乾燥有機分別物、湿潤有機分別物、及び/または無機分別物から複数の製品を回収する工程と
を有する方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記第3の比重選別ユニットからの前記軽量分別物またはその下流部分はアルミニウムを含み、前記アルミニウムは渦電流選別機中で前記軽量分別物から選別される、方法。
- 請求項1または2記載の方法であって、さらに、紙、プラスティック、ゴム、木材、および繊維から成る群から選択される少なくとも2つの材料を含む1若しくはそれ以上の乾燥有機品を回収する工程を有する、方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記シュレッダーは、前記細断された廃棄物が16インチ以下のサイズに細断されるような前記シュレッダーカットオフサイズを有するものである、方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記第1のサイズ選別ユニットからの前記オーバー分別物は、4インチ以上の下側カットオフサイズを有するものである、方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記アンダー分別物は、第1の比重選別ユニットからの重量分別物および第1の比重選別ユニットからの軽量分別物を生じるように、第1の比重選別ユニットを用いて細分化されるものである、方法。
- 請求項6記載の方法であって、さらに、
前記第1のサイズ選別ユニットから下流かつ前記第1の比重選別ユニットの上流に配置された第2のサイズ選別ユニットを用いて前記第1のサイズ選別ユニットからの前記アンダー分別物を処理する工程を有し、
前記第2のサイズ選別ユニットは、2インチから3/8インチの範囲の第2のサイズ分布を有する第2のオーバー分別物と、3/8インチ未満の上限粒子サイズを有する第2のアンダー分別物とを生じるように構成されるものであり、前記第2のアンダー分別物は湿潤有機品を有するものである、方法。 - 請求項6または請求項7に記載の方法であって、さらに、乾燥有機品および湿潤有機品を生じるように、第2の比重選別ユニットを用いて前記第1の比重選別ユニットからの前記軽量分別物を処理する工程を有する、方法。
- 請求項8記載の方法において、前記第3の比重選別ユニットからの前記重量分別物は、無機分別物および湿潤有機分別物を生じるために、第4の比重選別ユニットを使用して比重別にさらに選別されるものである、方法。
- 請求項9記載の方法において、前記第1および/または第2の比重選別ユニットは、エアドラム選別機を含むものである、方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記第3および/または第4の比重選別ユニットは、エアドラム選別機を含むものである、方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1つに記載の方法であって、さらに、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)選別ユニットを使用して前記第1のサイズ選別ユニットからの前記オーバー分別物を処理する工程であって、前記オーバー分別物から残渣PVC画分を除去するものである、前記処理する工程を有する、方法。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1つに記載の方法において、前記湿潤有機分別物は湿潤有機品を生じるように処理されるものであり、この方法は、さらに、微生物消化システムを使用して前記湿潤有機品を処理する工程を有するものである、方法。
- 請求項3または8に記載の方法であって、さらに、乾燥有機燃料を生じるために前記乾燥有機品を処理する工程を有する、方法。
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JP2013540949A Active JP6001550B2 (ja) | 2010-11-24 | 2011-10-06 | 混合固形廃棄物の機械選別およびリサイクル可能品の回収 |
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CA2818937A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
JP2014500140A (ja) | 2014-01-09 |
CN103476516A (zh) | 2013-12-25 |
CN103476515A (zh) | 2013-12-25 |
CA2818920A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
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EP2643102A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
WO2012071112A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
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JP2014501608A (ja) | 2014-01-23 |
BR112013012860A2 (pt) | 2017-09-19 |
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