JP5934654B2 - オリゴペプチド化合物およびその使用 - Google Patents
オリゴペプチド化合物およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5934654B2 JP5934654B2 JP2012550478A JP2012550478A JP5934654B2 JP 5934654 B2 JP5934654 B2 JP 5934654B2 JP 2012550478 A JP2012550478 A JP 2012550478A JP 2012550478 A JP2012550478 A JP 2012550478A JP 5934654 B2 JP5934654 B2 JP 5934654B2
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- C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
- C07K14/08—RNA viruses
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Description
KTLRVAKAIYKRYIE(配列番号1)
に基づくペプチドおよびペプチド系化合物が、癌および微生物感染の治療において治療的に、より一般には抗微生物剤としても使用され得る(例えば微生物汚染またはコロニー形成と闘うための、非治療的使用(例えば殺菌剤などとして)も包含する)ことを提案する。
(i)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列の全部または一部;あるいは
(ii)配列番号1に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;あるいは
(iii)配列番号1の逆配列の全部もしくは一部(すなわち配列番号2:EIYRKYIAKAVRLTKの全部もしくは一部)であるか、または配列番号1に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列の逆配列であるアミノ酸配列、を含むオリゴペプチド化合物を提供し;
ここで当該化合物は、癌細胞および/または微生物細胞の成長および/または生存能力の阻害活性を有する(つまり、その能力があるおよび/またはそれに効果的である)。違う言い方をすると、当該化合物は、抗腫瘍活性または抗微生物活性を有してもよく、後者の場合好ましくは抗菌活性を有する。
(i)アミノ酸配列YGRKKRRQRRRGKTLRVAKAIYKRYIE(配列番号40)の全部または一部;あるいは
(ii)配列番号40の配列に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;あるいは
(iii)配列番号40の逆配列の全部もしくは一部(すなわち配列番号41:EIYRKYIAKAVRLTKGRRRQRRKKRGYの全部もしくは一部)であるか、または配列番号40の配列に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列の逆配列であるアミノ酸配列、を含むオリゴペプチド化合物を提供し;
ここで当該化合物は、癌細胞および/または微生物細胞の成長および/または生存能力の阻害活性を有する(つまり、その能力があるおよび/またはそれに効果的である)。違う言い方をすると、当該化合物は、抗腫瘍活性または抗微生物活性を有してもよく、後者の場合好ましくは抗菌活性を有する。
表1
(a)次のものを含む第1のオリゴペプチド配列:
(i)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列の全部もしくは一部;または
(ii)配列番号1に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;または
(iii)配列番号1の逆配列の全部もしくは一部(すなわち配列番号2:EIYRKYIAKAVRLTKの全部もしくは一部)であるか、または配列番号1に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列の逆配列であるアミノ酸配列;ならびに
(b)細胞透過性ペプチド配列である第2のオリゴペプチド配列。
本発明の化合物としては、次のものを含む化合物を挙げることができる。
(i)配列番号40のアミノ酸配列の全部または一部;あるいは
(ii)配列番号40に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;あるいは
(iii)配列番号40の逆配列の全部もしくは一部(すなわち配列番号41:EIYRKYIAKAVRLTKGRRRQRRKKRGYの全部もしくは一部)であるか、または配列番号40に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列の逆配列であるアミノ酸配列。
(すなわち、
(i)配列番号1もしくは40のアミノ酸配列の全部または一部;あるいは
(ii)配列番号1もしくは40に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;あるいは
(iii)配列番号1の逆配列の全部もしくは一部(すなわち配列番号2もしくは41の全部または一部)であるか、または配列番号1もしくは40に対して少なくとも85%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列の逆配列であるアミノ酸配列、を有するかまたは含むペプチド)。また、このような核酸分子の補体も提供される。好ましい実施形態では、核酸分子はまた、上に規定の細胞透過性ペプチドをコードする。
pH7.0における正味電荷が10〜13、例えば11〜12.5;
pIが12〜13;
平均親水性度が0.7〜1.0、例えば0.8〜1.0;
親水性残基/残基の総数の比が45〜60%、例えば46〜58%、48〜58%または50〜56%。
実施例1−96種類のペプチドの初期設計およびスクリーニングならびに癌細胞生存および形態に対する効果
[ペプチド設計および作成]
公知の腫瘍抑制因子(表2を参照)から可能性のある保存要素および活性部位を、サーチエンジンExpasyおよびSwissprotを使用して同定した。96種類のペプチドが同定された。細胞内送達のためTAT配列をN末端に付着した。ペプチドは、Cambridge Peptides(ケンブリッジ、英国)およびGenscript(ニュージャージー州、米国)で合成された。すべてアミノ化およびアセチル化されていた。合成されたペプチドを、1mg/mlの最終濃度まで水に溶解した。
細胞株U87、MCF7、SF295、T47Dおよび4T1を、ノルウェーのベルゲン大学の腫瘍バンクから入手した。繊維芽細胞は、健康なドナーから入手した。細胞株はすべて、NEAA、100U/ml Pen/Strepおよび400M L−グルタミン(すべてCambrex(イーストラザフォード、ニュージャージー州、米国)から)を添加した10%ウシ胎仔血清を含むDMEM(Sigma、セントルイス、ミズーリ州、米国)中で成長した。すべての実験で、1×104個の細胞を96ウェルプレートに分配した。
同定した96種類のペプチドを24時間培養した後の神経膠腫細胞株u87の初期スクリーニングにおける細胞生存の結果を図1に示す。3種類のペプチドが、癌細胞の生存能力に対して著しい悪影響を有することを示した。これらのうち、ペプチド1(配列番号41)をさらなる研究のために選んだ。「ペプチド1」は、そのN末端側終端に配列番号36のHIV−TAT配列を有する配列番号1のペプチド配列に対応する。
96種類のペプチドのうちの3種類を用いて20分間培養した後の細胞形態を、光学顕微鏡観察および経時共焦点顕微鏡観察により測定し、結果を図2に示す。結果は、細胞死を示す細胞過程の大規模な縮小および核濃縮細胞の出現を示す。
一般にペプチドに関する主な問題は、特に血清に存在するプロテアーゼにより、ペプチドがタンパク質分解にさらされることである。したがって、本発明者らは、L−アミノ酸をD−アミノ酸と置換することによりペプチドを安定させる方法を設計した。研究では、ペプチドが血清添加培地においてペプチドの効果を失わなかったことを示す。実際に、ペプチドはまた、トリプシンにおけるタンパク質分解には抵抗性があった。図3は、単層培養における置換ペプチドの有効性を示し、置換されたペプチドが元のペプチドよりもはるかに良く作用することを示す。
[細胞生存率(インビトロでの正常細胞と癌細胞株との比較)]
MTT細胞生存率アッセイ:
細胞分裂の測定に伝統的に放射性同位元素の組み込みを用いる研究では、MTT(チアゾリルブルーテトラゾリウムブロミド)を細胞成長の測定に使用する場合がある。MTTは、やや黄色の溶液で、生細胞のミトコンドリアデヒドロゲナーゼにより濃青色の不水溶性MTTフォルマザンに変換される。青い結晶は、酸性イソプロパノールで可溶化され、強度は、570nm波長で比色分析で測定される(メーカーの説明書にしたがってMTTアッセイのプロトコルを使用した)。MTT細胞生存率アッセイを使用して、正常ヒト包皮繊維芽細胞(HFF1)と、T986(神経芽腫細胞)、GaMG(膠芽腫)およびA172(膠芽腫)の3種類の癌細胞株とを比較した。20μg/mlの濃度では、90分間ペプチド1に暴露した後は、生存率は19〜43%であった。比較して、正常なHFF1細胞の生存率は58%であり、癌細胞に対するペプチドのより強い効果を示している(図4参照)。
LIVE/DEAD(登録商標)生存率/細胞毒性キットは、哺乳類細胞生存率を評価するため蛍光染料を用いる。カルセインAMおよびエチジウムホモダイマー−1(EthD−1)は、この目的に最も適した染料あることが分かっている。生細胞は、蛍光性の無いカルセインAMが蛍光性の強いカルセインに酵素変換されることにより測定される細胞内のエステラーゼ活性の存在により死細胞と区別される。ポリアニオン性染料であるカルセインは、強く均一な緑色蛍光を発生する生細胞の内部によく保持されている。EthD−1は、生細胞の無傷の細胞膜に排除されるが、損傷した細胞膜を有する細胞に入り、核酸と結合して、死細胞中で鮮やかな赤い蛍光を発する。live/deadキットの使用プロトコルは、メーカーにより提供される。
高解像度走査電子顕微鏡は、ペプチド処理後に原形質膜の完全な崩壊を示し、ペプチドが原形質膜に強い細胞溶解作用を及ぼすことを示した(図6A)。インビトロでの詳細な形態分析によると、アポトーシスの誘導を示す細胞の断片化に関するある程度の証拠もあった。したがって、我々は、ペプチドのN末端部分をチオシアン酸フルオレセイン(FITC)で標識化し、インビトロで処理した。処理直後の免疫蛍光は、ペプチドが核にも蓄積することを示した。したがって、ペプチドも核タンパクとの相互作用を介してアポトーシスを引き起こすというある程度の証拠がある。図6Bから分かるように、ペプチド1は核にも蓄積する。組織培養で行われた形態学的所見に基づくと、ペプチドがアポトーシスを引き起こすというある程度の証拠もある。
4T1乳癌は、非常に腫瘍形成性かつ侵襲性の可移植性癌細胞株であり、ほとんどの腫瘍モデルと異なり、乳腺中の原発腫瘍からリンパ節、血液、肝臓、肺、脳、および骨を含む多数の遠位部位に自然に転移し得る。4T1腫瘍は、4T1腫瘍をヒト乳癌に関して適切な実験動物モデルにさせるいくつかの特徴を有する。第1に、腫瘍細胞は乳腺へ容易に移植されるので、原発腫瘍が解剖学的に適正な部位で成長する。第2に、ヒト乳癌では、4T1転移性疾患は原発腫瘍から自然に発生する。また、流入領域リンパ節および他の臓器への4T1転移の漸進的な拡大は、ヒト乳癌のそれに非常に類似している。1×106 4T1細胞を雌BALBcマウス12匹に皮下注射した。治療群の動物6匹および対照群の動物6匹にスクランブルペプチド配列を投与した。腫瘍が0.8cmの大きさに達した時(10日後)に、100μlで投与した400μgのペプチドを3回の局所注射で腫瘍に与えた。投与したペプチドの総濃度は1200μgであった。次いで、腫瘍を4日毎にキャリパーで記録した。
図7に示すように、4T1腫瘍へのペプチドの局所注射によって、インビボでの強い4T1腫瘍の成長抑制効果が誘導された。データ点は、対照群および治療群の動物6匹からの平均値を示す。
我々は、4T1癌細胞を皮下注射した処理動物および未処理動物を比較する、カプラン・マイヤー生存実験を行った。著しい腫瘍組織量に基づいて全身性疾患の兆候を示した時に動物を屠殺した。図8に見られるように、未治療群と比較して、治療群は有意な延命効果があった。腫瘍を組織学的分析のために採取した。切除した腫瘍を4%緩衝化ホルムアルデヒドで固定した。パラフィン包埋5μm切片をH&Eで染色した。細胞培養物を4%PFAで固定し、Nikon Eclipse TE2000−E蛍光顕微鏡(Nikon、東京、日本)下で画像化した。図9に見られるように、大量の細胞死後に重篤な壊死が観察され、これはペプチドの強い細胞毒性作用を示した。
脂質二重層中に異なる組成のリン脂質を含む200nmリポソームを作成した。リポソームに蛍光色素を加え、ペプチド1(図10のペプチドX)で処理した後に色素流出を測定した。色素は、蛍光体ANTXおよび消光剤DPXを指し、色素放出は、界面活性剤(Triton x100)による完全な放出に対する%を指す。図10に示すように、ペプチド1は、特にリン脂質が負電荷を有する場合に、小胞撹乱物質として著しい機能を有した(PBPS:EYL;青色の記号;S0.5(最大値の半分の効果)=8.5μg/ml;2,46μM)。ペプチドはまた、中性(極性)のリン脂質(EYL:緑色の記号)にいくらかの効果を有していたが、この効果は負電荷を有するリン脂質に対する効果より弱かった。コントロールペプチド(ペプチドA)を、同じ大きさではあるが異なる配列を有する対照として使用した。ペプチドAは、試験した濃度では効果がなかった。
ペプチド1はまた、2時間以内に細菌を死滅させ、殺菌活性を示す。試験した菌株は、大腸菌(E. coli)、黄色ブドウ球菌(S. aureus)、および腸球菌(Enterococcus)であった。これは、ペプチドがまたグラム陰性菌およびグラム陽性菌の両方に対して溶解作用示すことを表す。図13は、上記の菌株が、ペプチド1と共にまたは無しで2時間培養された場合の結果を示す。
ペプチド1のpH7.0の正味電荷が12であり;等電点が12.4であり;平均親水性度が1であり;親水性残基/残基の総数の比が56%であることが測定された。ペプチド1は、したがって、カチオン性が強く、等電点が高い。結果を図14に示す。
表2
異なる濃度での生死細胞の割合、2種類の正常細胞株(142およびHFF1)と2種類の癌細胞株(143癌腫およびHOS肉腫)との間の比較。
実験は、ペプチド1およびそれに基づく修飾ペプチドが、インビトロおよびインビボで様々な癌細胞株に対して抗腫瘍効果を有することを示す。さらに、当該ペプチドは、インビトロでヒト線維芽細胞に対しておよびマウスにおける腹腔内注射によっては毒性をほとんど示さない。実際に、18グラムのnod−scidマウスにおいて1000μgのペプチドを皮下注射することによっても毒性は見られない。ペプチドは、インビトロで多くの癌細胞株の成長を停止させるが、正常細胞は同じ濃度でも影響が少ない。マウスの固形腫瘍に直接ペプチドを注射することにより、24時間後に重篤な壊死その後に成長阻害が観察される。さらに、これは、未治療の動物と比較して、動物の生存率の増加につながる。走査電子顕微鏡研究および機能性研究は、ペプチドが、癌細胞原形質膜に作用し、膜破壊を引き起こすことを示す。さらに、ペプチドはまた、核に移動し、癌細胞においてアポトーシス機構の引き金となる。したがって、新規な配列を有するペプチド1およびその修飾物は、様々な癌(例えば、脳、肺、乳房および結腸)の腫瘍成長を阻害する治療用分子を表す。結果はまた、簡単な操作によりペプチドをタンパク質分解に対して安定化させる(耐性化させる)ことができ、これがさらに抗腫瘍化合物としての可能性を高めることを示す。さらに、結果は、ペプチドグラム陽性菌およびグラム陰性菌の両方に対して殺菌効果を有することを示す。したがって、ペプチドは、ヒトにおける様々な細菌感染に対して使用され得る。
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Claims (28)
- (i)アミノ酸配列YGRKKRRQRRRGKTLRVAKAIYKRYIE(配列番号:40);または
(ii)配列番号40の配列に対して少なくとも95%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;を含むオリゴペプチド化合物であって、
細菌細胞および/または腫瘍形成細胞の成長および/または生存能力の阻害活性を有するオリゴペプチド化合物。 - 前記腫瘍形成細胞が、腫瘍細胞である請求項1に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 配列番号40の配列を有する、請求項1または2に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 1個以上のD−アミノ酸を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- すべてD−アミノ酸を含むインベルソ化合物である、請求項4に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 下記の1つ以上の特性を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物:
a)pH7.0における正味電荷が10〜13、
b)pIが12〜13;
c)平均親水性度が0.7〜1.0および/または
d)親水性残基/残基の総数の比が45〜60%。 - 細胞毒性を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 腫瘍形成細胞溶解および/またはアポトーシスを誘導することができる、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 腫瘍形成細胞に対して選択的に細胞毒性を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 腫瘍の大きさを減少させることができる、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に規定のアミノ酸配列を含むオリゴペプチド化合物をコードする核酸分子、または当該核酸分子に相補的である塩基配列を含む核酸分子。
- 請求項11に記載の核酸分子を含むベクター。
- 請求項11の核酸分子または請求項12のベクターの導入により修飾された細胞。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤と共に、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物または請求項11に記載の核酸分子を含む医薬組成物。
- 治療で使用するための、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 細菌感染と闘う場合に使用するための、請求項1〜10および15のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 腫瘍形成疾患の治療に使用するための、請求項1〜10および15のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物であって、
前記腫瘍形成疾患が、脳、肺、乳房、結腸もしくは前立腺の癌、黒色腫、神経芽細胞腫、肉腫または皮膚の非悪性の腫瘍形成疾患から選択されるオリゴペプチド化合物。 - 細菌感染と闘う場合に使用するため、または腫瘍形成疾患の治療に使用するための請求項11に記載の核酸分子であって、
前記腫瘍形成疾患が、脳、肺、乳房、結腸もしくは前立腺の癌、黒色腫、神経芽細胞腫、肉腫または皮膚の非悪性の腫瘍形成疾患から選択される核酸分子。 - 細菌感染と闘う、および/または腫瘍形成疾患を治療するための薬剤の製造における、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物の使用であって、
前記腫瘍形成疾患が、脳、肺、乳房、結腸もしくは前立腺の癌、黒色腫、神経芽細胞腫、肉腫または皮膚の非悪性の腫瘍形成疾患から選択される使用。 - 脳、肺、乳房、結腸もしくは前立腺の癌、黒色腫、神経芽細胞腫、肉腫または皮膚の非悪性の腫瘍形成疾患から選ばれる腫瘍形成疾患の治療のための、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 腫瘍形成疾患の治療に使用される場合、前記オリゴペプチド化合物が、腫瘍への局所送達のためのものである、請求項1〜10、15または17のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物。
- 腫瘍形成細胞または細菌細胞または腫瘍の生存能力および/または成長を阻害する場合に別々に、同時に、または順次に使用するための複合製剤として、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物、請求項11に記載の核酸分子、または請求項14に記載の組成物と、第2の治療活性剤とを含む製品。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物、請求項11に記載の核酸分子または請求項14に記載の組成物と、第2の治療活性剤とを含むキット。
- 前記第2の治療活性剤が、細菌感染または腫瘍形成疾患に対して活性を有する、請求項23に記載のキット。
- 前記第2の治療活性剤が、化学療法剤または抗腫瘍剤である、請求項23または24に記載のキット。
- 前記第2の治療活性剤が、抗生物質または抗ウイルスもしくは抗真菌剤である、請求項23または24に記載のキット。
- 細菌の生存能力および/または成長を阻害するインビトロまたはエクスビボ方法であって、当該細菌を請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物と接触させることを含む方法。
- 腫瘍形成細胞の生存能力および/または成長を阻害するインビトロまたはエクスビボ方法であって、当該腫瘍形成細胞を請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴペプチド化合物または請求項11に記載の核酸分子に接触させることを含む方法であって、
前記腫瘍形成細胞が、脳、肺、乳房、結腸もしくは前立腺の癌、黒色腫、神経芽細胞腫、肉腫細胞または皮膚の腫瘍形成疾患の細胞から選択される方法。
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SI2531518T1 (sl) | 2016-09-30 |
HUE028094T2 (en) | 2016-11-28 |
US8754042B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 |
RS54992B1 (sr) | 2016-11-30 |
LT2531518T (lt) | 2016-09-26 |
US20130023461A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
US9353156B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
US20150038407A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
HRP20160922T1 (hr) | 2016-10-07 |
ES2585595T3 (es) | 2016-10-06 |
PT2531518T (pt) | 2016-08-12 |
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