JP5931223B2 - 皮膚外用剤 - Google Patents
皮膚外用剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5931223B2 JP5931223B2 JP2014557349A JP2014557349A JP5931223B2 JP 5931223 B2 JP5931223 B2 JP 5931223B2 JP 2014557349 A JP2014557349 A JP 2014557349A JP 2014557349 A JP2014557349 A JP 2014557349A JP 5931223 B2 JP5931223 B2 JP 5931223B2
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- cation
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- skin
- water
- acid
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/63—Steroids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
- A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/817—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions or derivatives of such polymers, e.g. vinylimidazol, vinylcaprolactame, allylamines (Polyquaternium 6)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Description
トリテルペン化合物のうち、皮膚外用剤に配合することで抗炎症、保湿、美白、抗シワ、抗菌などの機能を発揮する成分として、オレアナン系のトリテルペン化合物が知られている。中でも、5環性で且つ置換基にカルボキシル基を有するオレアナン系のトリテルペン化合物が化粧料として特に有用な機能を有することが知られている(田中信壽、トリテルペン及びトリテルペン系サポニン、天然物化学改訂第6版、南江堂(1985)、p130〜p140)。
上記課題を鑑み、本発明は、グリチルレチン酸及びカロテノイドが共に安定性よく含まれ、かつ濁りのない皮膚外用剤を提供することを目的とする。
[1] グリチルレチン酸と、カロテノイドとしてアスタキサンチンと、30質量%以上のエタノールと、カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子と、を含有し、pHが4.5以上7.2以下である皮膚外用剤。
[2] カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子が、4級アンモニウムカチオンを有する部分構造を含む水溶性高分子を含む[1]記載の皮膚外用剤。
[3] カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子が、ジメチルジアリルアンモニウムカチオン、グリシジルトリメチルアンモニウムカチオン、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、メタクリルアミドジメチルアミノアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、及びアクリルアミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムカチオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのカチオン部を有する[1]又は[2]記載の皮膚外用剤。
[4] カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子が、ジメチルアリルアンモニウムカチオンを少なくとも有する[1]〜[3]のいずれか1つに記載の皮膚外用剤。
[5] カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子の含有量が、皮膚外用剤の全質量に対して0.001質量%〜1.0質量%である[1]〜[4]のいずれか1つに記載の皮膚外用剤。
[6] カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子の含有量が、グリチルレチン酸の含有量に対して質量比で0.1倍〜100倍である[1]〜[5]のいずれか1つに記載の皮膚外用剤。 [7] カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子の含有量が、カロテノイドの含有量に対して質量比で1倍量〜1000倍量である[1]〜[6]のいずれか1つに記載の皮膚外用剤。
[8] pHが4.5〜6.0である[1]〜[7]のいずれか1つに記載の皮膚外用剤。
[9] アスコルビン酸化合物及びトコフェロール化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを更に含有する[1]〜[8]のいずれか1つに記載の皮膚外用剤。
[10] カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子が、ジメチルジアリルアンモニウムクロリドとアクリル酸アミド又はアクリル酸との共重合体である[1]〜[9]のいずれか1項記載の皮膚外用剤。
[11] 頭皮用化粧料である[1]〜[10]のいずれか1つに記載の皮膚外用剤。
本発明によれば、グリチルレチン酸と、カロテノイドと、組成物の全質量に対して30質量%以上のエタノールとに加えて、カチオン部を有する水性高分子を含有し、更にpHを4.5以上7.2以下の範囲とすることで、グリチルレチン酸の析出が抑制されると共にカロテノイドの分解が抑制される。これにより、グリチルレチン酸及びカロテノイドが共に安定性よく含まれ、また、濁りのない皮膚外用剤が提供可能となる。
また、本発明の皮膚外用剤においては、カロテノイドを、pH4.5以上7.2以下で、カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子と併存させることにより、カロテノイド含有油剤が存在しても、カロテノイドに起因する濁りを生じることがなく、また、カロテノイドそのものの経時的な分解が抑制される。
この結果、本発明によれば、濁りのない皮膚外用剤を提供することができると共に、当該皮膚外用剤において、エタノールの存在下で析出しやすいグリチルレチン酸、及び経時的に分解しやすいカロテノイドが、共に安定性よく含まれる皮膚外用剤を提供することができる。ただし、本発明はこの理論に拘束されない。
本発明において、グリチルレチン酸についての「安定性」とは、グリチルレチン酸の経時に伴う析出又は濁りが抑制されることを意味し、カロテノイドについての「安定性」とは、カロテノイドの経時に伴う分解が抑制されることを意味する。
本発明において、組成物中の各成分の量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけでなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であっても本工程の所期の目的が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
本明細書において、各成分の含有量を表現する際に用いられる「組成物の全質量に対して」の表現は、皮膚外用剤の全質量に対する含有量であることを意味する。
グリチルレチン酸は、例えば甘草の根に含まれる成分であるグリチルリチン酸を加水分解することで得られる、オレアナン系の5環性トリテルペン化合物の一つである。グリチルレチン酸は、化粧品分野では抗炎症作用、抗酸化作用、抗老化作用を期待して、アンチエイジングケアなどを目的とする化粧品又は医薬部外品などに配合することが可能である。
また、グリチルレチン酸は急性又は慢性の皮膚炎に対し著しい効果があるといわれており、抗炎症効果、抗アレルギー作用、細菌(黄色ブドウ菌、ジフテリア菌、サルモネラ菌など)発育阻止等の効果を有することが知られている。また、グリチルレチン酸は、皮膚の炎症緩和、皮脂の分泌抑制等の効果に優れており、多くの皮膚ケア製品、口紅等に用いられる。その他、グリチルレチン酸は、脱毛予防効果、フケ又はかゆみ抑制などの効果も有するため、頭皮ケア製品にも多く使用されている。
グリチルレチン酸は、各製品を1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
カロテノイドは、黄色から赤のテルペノイド類の色素であり、植物類、藻類、及びバクテリアに由来するものを、その例として挙げることができる。また、カロテノイドは、天然由来のものに限定されず、常法に従って得られるものであればいずれのものであってもよい。
アスタキサンチンは、アスタキサンチンを含有する天然物から分離又は抽出した抽出物であるアスタキサンチン含有オイル中の成分として、本発明の皮膚外用剤に含まれていてもよい。アスタキサンチンは、天然物からの分離又は抽出した抽出物を、必要に応じて適宜精製したものでもよい。また、アスタキサンチンは合成品であってもよい。
天然物であるアスタキサンチンとしては、例えば、赤色酵母ファフィア、ヘマトコッカス藻、海洋性細菌、オキアミ等が挙げられる。また、アスタキサンチンとしては、天然物の培養物からの抽出物等を挙げることができ、ヘマトコッカス藻から抽出される抽出物(ヘマトコッカス藻抽出物ともいう。)、及び、オキアミ由来の色素が、品質又は生産性の点から特に好ましい。
また、本発明においては、アスタキサンチン類として、広く市販されているヘマトコッカス藻抽出物を用いてもよい。ヘマトコッカス藻抽出物としては、例えば、武田紙器(株)製のASTOTS−S、ASTOTS−2.5 O、ASTOTS−5 O、ASTOTS−10 O等、富士化学工業(株)製のアスタリールオイル50F、アスタリールオイル 5F等、東洋酵素化学(株)製のBioAstin SCE7等として入手できる。オキアミ抽出物としては、アスタックスST等が入手できる。
皮膚外用剤は、組成物の全質量に対して30質量%以上のエタノールを含有する。エタノールはグリチルレチン酸を溶解させるために充分な量、即ち、組成物の全質量に対して30質量%以上で含有されていることが必要である。エタノールの含有量が組成物の全質量に対して30質量%未満では、グリチルレチン酸の析出を充分に抑制できない。
カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子は、本発明において、グリチルレチン酸の析出を抑制すると共に、カロテノイド配合時の油溶性成分に起因する皮膚外用剤の濁り発生を抑制することができる。本発明において、グリチルレチン酸の析出を抑制するためには、カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子であることを要し、低分子化合物ではグリチルレチン酸の析出、又はカロテノイドに起因する濁りの発生を充分に抑制できない。なお、低分子化合物とは、一般的に、分子量3000以下のものを意味する。
皮膚外用剤中でカチオン性を示す部分構造としては、4級アンモニウムカチオンを有する部分構造等を挙げることができる。
カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子のカチオン部以外の部分構造は、特に制限されてない。他の部分構造としては、多糖類に由来する部分構造、タンパク質に由来する部分構造、アクリル酸に由来する部分構造、アクリル酸アミドに由来する部分構造、メタクリル酸に由来する部分構造、メタクリル酸アミドに由来する部分構造、ビニルピロリドンに由来する部分構造、2−アミドプロピルアクリルアミドスルホン鎖に由来する部分構造、ジメチルアミンプロピルアミン(DMAPA)に由来する部分構造、アクリロイルエチルベタインに由来する部分構造、アクリル酸PEG−9に由来する部分構造等を挙げることができる。他の部分構造を構成しうる多糖類としては、セルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、マルトデキストリン、イヌリン、アラビアガム、キサンタンガム、キトサン等が挙げられる。他の部分構造を構成しうるタンパク質としては、ゼラチン、水溶性コラーゲン、カゼイン等が挙げられる。
グリチルレチン酸の析出抑制の観点から、カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子は、ジメチルアリルアンモニウムカチオンを少なくとも有することが好ましく、ジメチルアリルアンモニウムとセルロースに由来する部分構造とを有することが更により好ましい。
また、カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子の含有量は、カロテノイド配合時の油溶性成分に起因する皮膚外用剤の濁り防止の観点から、カロテノイドの含有量に対して質量比で、1倍量〜1000倍量であることが好ましく、2倍量〜500倍量であることがより好ましい。
皮膚外用剤は、上記(a)〜(d)の各成分以外に任意の他の成分を、必要に応じて含むことができる。
皮膚外用剤は、カロテノイドの安定性向上の観点から、抗酸化剤を含むことができる。抗酸化剤としては、アスコルビン酸化合物、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、トコフェロール化合物等が挙げられる。カロテノイドの安定性を顕著に向上させるという点で、抗酸化剤は、アスコルビン酸化合物及びトコフェロール化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであることより好ましく、アスコルビン酸化合物とトコフェロール化合物とを組み合わせて用いることが更に好ましい。
トコトリエノール及びその誘導体からなる化合物群としては、α−トコトリエノール、β−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール、δ−トコトリエノール等、及びこれらのトコトリエノールから誘導された化合物群が含まれる。また、トコトリエノール誘導体としては、これらのトコトリエノールのカルボン酸エステル、特に酢酸エステルが好ましく用いられる。
その他、本発明においては、例えば、種々の薬効成分、乳化剤、pH調整剤、pH緩衝剤、紫外線吸収剤、防腐剤、香料、着色剤など、通常、その用途で使用される他の添加物を併用することができる。
皮膚外用剤のpHは、グリチルレチン酸とカロテノイドとの双方の安定性向上の両立の観点から、pH4.5〜6.0であることが好ましく、pH5.0〜6.0であることがより好ましい。pHは、各種pH調整剤等のpH調整能を有する成分の添加量を調整することにより調整することができる。
グリチルレチン酸の安定性は、グリチルレチン酸の経時に伴う析出の有無に基づいて評価する。グリチルレチン酸の経時に伴う析出又は濁りの抑制は、調製直後の皮膚外用剤と、保管した後の皮膚外用剤について、皮膚外用剤作製直後から保管時の目視観察及び濁度測定の少なくとも一方を実施することによって評価することができる。グリチルレチン酸の析出を評価する場合の保管の条件は、4℃の温度条件とし、且つ、少なくとも5日間以上とすることが好ましい。グリチルレチン酸の析出は、目視評価を用いて白色結晶が析出した場合に、析出有りと評価する。なお、本明細書では、析出物が評価用試料の底部に蓄積する状態を「析出」といい、評価用試料全体に析出物が分散して濁りを生じる状態を「濁り」という。なお、本発明においてグリチルレチン酸の安定性は、析出及び濁りの少なくともいずれか一方の状態の発生の有無に基づいて評価することができる。
表1に示される含有量(質量%)となるように、グリチルレチン酸(丸善製薬製)をエタノールに溶解したもの、及びアスタキサンチン(アスタックスST、イタノ冷凍社製)を水添ヒマシ油に溶解させたものを、それぞれ適量の水に添加し攪拌した後、カチオン化セルロース(センサマー 10、ナルコ社製)、クエン酸、ニコチン酸アミド、パントテニルエチルエーテル、ニンジンエキス(丸善製薬社製)、センブリエキス(丸善製薬社製)、水添ヒマシ油PEG−60(日光ケミカルズ社製)、水溶性コラーゲン(新田ゼラチン製)、トコフェロール(リケンビタミン社製)を添加、混合して、試験組成物を得た。その後、得られた試験組成物を、水酸化ナトリウムで、pH5.5に調整して、実施例1にかかる皮膚外用剤を得た。
添加成分の種類及び含有量を表1及び表2に示されるように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2〜実施例9、比較例1〜比較例5の皮膚外用剤を得た。
上記で得られた実施例1〜実施例9及び比較例1〜比較例5の各皮膚外用剤の一部をそれぞれ評価用試料とし、以下の評価に用いた。それぞれの評価結果を表1及び表2に示す。
実施例又は比較例の皮膚外用剤を、それぞれ調製後に4℃で1週間にわたり保管容器に入れて保管した。保管後の各皮膚外用剤を、目視にて、確認できる濁り及び析出の程度に基づき、グリチルレチン酸の析出を評価した。全く濁り又は析出が生じないものを「A」、若干濁りが生じるものの析出がないものを「B」、析出が生じるものを「C」とした。なお、保管容器の底に析出物が溜まるものを「析出」、全体が濁ってくるものを「濁り」と評価した。
実施例又は比較例の皮膚外用剤を、それぞれ調製後に50℃で1週間にわたり保管容器に入れて保管した。保管後の各皮膚外用剤を、UV分光光度計(透過測定、1cmセル使用)を用いてカロテノイドの吸収を測定して、所期からの変化、カロテノイドの残存率を算出した。カロテノイドの残存率が90%以上のものを「A」、残存率80%以上90%未満のものを「B」、残存率40%以上80%未満のものを「C」、残存率40%未満のものを「D」とした。残存率40%以上であればカロテノイドの安定性が認められると評価できる。
実施例又は比較例の皮膚外用剤を、それぞれ調製後に目視で観察し、透明性を評価した。濁りのないものを「A」とし、濁りのあるものを「D」とした。
従って、本発明の皮膚外用剤は、グリチルレチン酸及びカロテノイドの双方について良好な安定性を示し、また、濁りのない皮膚外用剤であることがわかる。また、本発明の皮膚外用剤を頭皮用化粧料に適用すれば、グリチルレチン酸及びカロテノイドの双方による安定的な効果が期待できることがわかる。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (11)
- グリチルレチン酸と、
カロテノイドとしてアスタキサンチンと、
30質量%以上のエタノールと、
カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子と、
を含有し、pHが4.5以上7.2以下である皮膚外用剤。 - カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子が、4級アンモニウムカチオンを有する部分構造を含む水溶性高分子を含む請求項1記載の皮膚外用剤。
- カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子が、ジメチルジアリルアンモニウムカチオン、グリシジルトリメチルアンモニウムカチオン、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、メタクリルアミドジメチルアミノアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、及びアクリルアミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムカチオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのカチオン部を有する請求項1又は請求項2記載の皮膚外用剤。
- カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子が、ジメチルアリルアンモニウムカチオンを少なくとも有する請求項1〜請求項3のいずれか1項記載の皮膚外用剤。
- カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子の含有量が、皮膚外用剤の全質量に対して0.001質量%〜1.0質量%である請求項1〜請求項4のいずれか1項記載の皮膚外用剤。
- カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子の含有量が、グリチルレチン酸の含有量に対して質量比で0.1倍量〜100倍量である請求項1〜請求項5のいずれか1項記載の皮膚外用剤。
- カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子の含有量が、カロテノイドの含有量に対して質量比で1倍量〜1000倍量である請求項1〜請求項6のいずれか1項記載の皮膚外用剤。
- pHが4.5〜6.0である請求項1〜請求項7のいずれか1項記載の皮膚外用剤。
- アスコルビン酸化合物及びトコフェロール化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを更に含有する請求項1〜請求項8のいずれか1項記載の皮膚外用剤。
- カチオン部を有する水溶性高分子が、ジメチルジアリルアンモニウムクロリドとアクリル酸アミド又はアクリル酸との共重合体である請求項1〜請求項9のいずれか1項記載の皮膚外用剤。
- 頭皮用化粧料である請求項1〜請求項10のいずれか1項記載の皮膚外用剤。
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