JP5889835B2 - 無線電力磁気共振器からの電力収量を最大化すること - Google Patents
無線電力磁気共振器からの電力収量を最大化すること Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/248—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set provided with an AC/DC converting device, e.g. rectennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
- H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
Description
13.553-13.567MHzの間では、電場(E-field)強度が、30メートルで15,848マイクロボルト/メートルを超過しないものとする、13.56MHzのISM帯での例外がある。
100kHz-10MHz:神経系機能に対する影響を防ぐための電流密度に基づいた制限、ならびに、全身的熱ストレスおよび局所的に組織を過度に熱することを防ぐための比エネルギー吸収率(SAR)に基づいた制限
10MHz-10GHz:全身的熱ストレスおよび局所的に組織を過度に熱することを防ぐためのSARのみに基づいた制限
10GHz-300GHz:体表面あるいは体表面の近くの組織の過度の加熱を防ぐための電力密度に基づいた制限
基本制限は、中枢神経系における急性で即時的な影響に基づいており、したがって、この制限は、短期間または長期間の曝露の両方に適用される。
B:磁束密度
R;電流の誘導のためのループの半径
10MHz以上の周波数については、導き出された電場及び磁場(E and H field)強度は、計算および実験データを使用して、全身のSARの基本制限から得られた。SAR値は、近距離場に関しては有効でない場合もある。控えめに見積もると(for conservative approximation)、電場または磁場(E or H field)の寄与(contribution)によるエネルギーの結合はSAR制限を超過することができないので、これらの場の曝露レベルが近距離場について使用されることができる。控えめに見積もらないのであれば、基本制限が使用されるべきである。
低周波数の磁場への結合:誘導電場および渦電流という結果
電磁場からのエネルギーの吸収:4つのカテゴリーに分類することができるエネルギー吸収と温度の上昇という結果
100Hz-20MHz:エネルギーの吸収は、首と脚で最も顕著である。
300MHz-10GHz:顕著な局部的で不均一な吸収
10GHzを超える周波数:吸収が主として体表面で生じる。
低周波数の場への曝露は、神経および筋の刺激につながる中枢神経系上の膜刺激および関連する作用に対応付けられる。
100kHzと10MHzの間で、膜作用から電磁エネルギー吸収による加熱作用への遷移領域が生じる。
§2.1093には、組み立てユニットの(modular)あるいは卓上型(desktop)の送信機について、機器の潜在的な使用状況が、モバイルかポータブルのいずれかとしてのその機器の容易な分類を、可能にすることができない、と明記されている。そのような場合、申込者は、SAR、場の強度、あるいは電力密度のうち、最も適切ないずれかの評価に基づき、その機器の意図された用途および設置に準拠して最小距離を決定する責任を負う。
WHOは、健康への悪影響を生む可能性があるEMFへの高レベルの曝露から市民を保護する模範法(model legislation)を作成した。この法令は電磁場人体曝露制限授権法(The Electromagnetic Fields Human Exposure Act)として知られている。
IEEE 標準規格 C95.1-2005は、無線周波数の電磁場、3kHz−300GHzへの人体曝露についての安全レベルのための標準規格である。それは、ANSIにより認可および承認された標準規格である。この標準規格は、悪影響を3つの異なる周波数範囲に分類する。
100kHz-5MHz:電気刺激に関連した作用と加熱作用を伴う遷移領域
5MHz-300GHz:加熱作用
その勧告は2つの異なるカテゴリーに分類される。
3kHzと5MHzの間の周波数については、BRsは、電気刺激による悪影響を最小化する、生物学上の組織内の電場に対する制限を指す。
3kHzと5MHzの間の周波数については、MPEは、生物学上の組織の電気刺激による悪影響を最小化することに相当する。
害を引き起こす可能性がある最低レベルの曝露の10分の1の安全率。
害を引き起こす場合がある最低レベルの曝露の50分の1の安全率。
なお、以下に、出願当初の特許請求の範囲に記載された発明を付記する。
[C1]1つを超える国家標準規格に対応する、機関によって設定された標準規格に応じるように設定された値を有する、磁気によって共振する素子を使用する、無線電力伝達システムを形成することを具備する方法。
[C2]前記標準規格機関は、アメリカ合衆国管理機関および少なくとも1つの他の管理機関を含む、C1の方法。
[C3]前記少なくとも1つの他の機関は欧州の機関を含む、C2の方法。
[C4]前記無線電力伝達は、13.56MHz+/−7kHzで行なわれる、C1の方法。
[C5]前記無線伝達は135kHz未満で行なわれる、C1の方法。
[C6]前記無線電力伝達システムは、前記標準規格によって許可された場より高いが、人が位置することができないエリアの中でのみそれらの標準規格より高い、場を生成する、C1の方法。
[C7]前記無線電力伝達システムは、生物学的作用および他の電子装置との干渉作用の両方に基づくレベルで場を生成する、C1の方法。
[C8]第1の国に関連した第1の標準規格機関によって設定された第1のレベルに応じ、および、前記第1の国と異なる第2の国に関連した第2の標準規格機関によって設定された第2のレベルにさらに応じるレベルで電力場(power field)を生成する送信機を具備する無線電力伝達システム。
[C9]前記送信機は、また、第3の国によって明らかにされた第3の標準規格機関によって設定された第3の標準規格にも準拠している、C8のシステム。
[C10]前記標準規格は、米国標準規格および欧州標準規格に準拠している、C8のシステム。
[C11]前記無線電力伝達は、13.56MHz+/−7kHzで実行される、C8のシステム。
[C12]前記無線電力伝達は、135kHz未満で実行される、C8のシステム。
[C13]前記送信機は、前記標準規格のレベルより高いが、利用者が位置することができないエリアにおいてのみ、より高いレベルを生成する、C8のシステム。
[C14]前記標準規格は、生物学的作用、およびさらに干渉作用の両方のための標準規格である、C8のシステム。
Claims (10)
- 無線場を介して電力を送信するように構成された装置であって、
出力信号を発生させるように構成された周波数発生器と、
前記周波数発生器に結合され、少なくとも部分的に前記出力信号に基づき、前記無線場を介して電力を送信するように構成された、アンテナ回路と
を備え、前記アンテナ回路は、エリアに位置し、無線場のための規定標準規格によって設定されるレベルを超える場の強度で前記アンテナ回路の近距離場領域に位置する負荷に給電するかまたは負荷を充電するために電力を誘導的に送信するように構成され、前記レベルは、前記レベルを超える前記場の強度で前記無線場に人が曝露され得ないように、前記人が位置し得ない前記エリアの少なくとも一部内で、生物学上の組織内の悪影響を低減する、前記近距離場領域のための場の強度に対応し、前記アンテナ回路は、前記無線場が、人が位置し得る前記エリアの少なくとも別の一部において前記レベル未満の場の強度を有するように構成される、装置。 - 前記無線場は、磁場を備え、前記アンテナ回路は、前記出力信号の周波数で共振するように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記アンテナ回路は、容量性のストラクチャに結合されたコイルを備える、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷は、電球か、または電化製品、コンピュータ、充電式電池、音楽プレーヤー、または自動車のうちの少なくとも1つを備える電子デバイスか、の少なくとも1つを備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 無線場を介して電力を送信する方法であって、
出力信号を発生させることと、
少なくとも部分的に前記出力信号に基づき、前記無線場を介して、エリアにおいて電力を無線で送信することと
を備え、電力を無線で送信することは、無線場のための規定標準規格によって設定されるレベルを超える場の強度で前記出力信号を発生させるソースの近距離場領域に位置する負荷に給電するかまたは負荷を充電するために電力を誘導的に送信することを備え、前記レベルは、前記レベルを超える前記場の強度で前記無線場に人が曝露され得ないように、前記人が位置し得ない前記エリアの少なくとも一部内で、生物学上の組織内の悪影響を低減する、前記近距離場領域のための場の強度に対応し、前記無線場は、人が位置し得る前記エリアの少なくとも別の一部において前記レベル未満の場の強度を有する、方法。 - 前記無線場は、磁場を備え、電力を無線で送信することは、前記出力信号の周波数で共振するように構成されたアンテナ回路を介して電力を無線で送信することを備える、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 無線場を介して電力を送信するように構成された装置であって、
出力信号を発生させるための手段と、
少なくとも部分的に前記出力信号に基づき、前記無線場を介して、エリアにおいて電力を送信するための手段と
を備え、前記送信するための手段は、無線場のための規定標準規格によって設定されるレベルを超える場の強度で前記送信するための手段の近距離場領域に位置する負荷に給電するかまたは負荷を充電するために電力を誘導的に送信するための手段を備え、前記レベルは、前記レベルを超える前記場の強度で前記無線場に人が曝露され得ないように、前記人が位置し得ない前記エリアの少なくとも一部内で、生物学上の組織内の悪影響を低減する、前記近距離場領域のための場の強度に対応し、前記送信するための手段は、前記無線場が、人が位置し得る前記エリアの少なくとも別の一部において前記レベル未満の場の強度を有するように構成される、装置。 - 前記無線場は、磁場を備え、前記電力を送信するための手段は、周波数で共振するように構成されたアンテナ回路を介して電力を送信するための手段を備える、請求項7に記載の装置。
- プロセッサによって実行されると、無線場を介して電力を送信する方法を実行する命令を記憶したコンピュータ読取可能な記憶媒体であって、前記方法は、
周波数発生器で出力信号を発生させることと、
少なくとも部分的に前記出力信号に基づき、前記無線場を介し、エリアにおいて、前記周波数発生器に結合されたアンテナ回路から、電力を送信することと
を備え、電力を送信することは、無線場のための規定標準規格によって設定されるレベルを超える場の強度で前記アンテナ回路の近距離場領域に位置する負荷に給電するかまたは負荷を充電するために電力を誘導的に送信することを含み、前記レベルは、前記レベルを超える前記場の強度で前記無線場に人が曝露され得ないように、前記人が位置し得ない前記エリアの少なくとも一部内で、生物学上の組織内の悪影響を低減する、前記近距離場領域のための場の強度に対応し、前記アンテナ回路は、前記無線場が、人が位置し得る前記エリアの少なくとも別の一部において前記レベル未満の場の強度を有するように構成される、コンピュータ読取可能な記憶媒体。 - 前記無線場は、磁場を備え、電力を無線で送信することは、前記出力信号の周波数で共振するように構成されたアンテナ回路を介して電力を無線で送信することを備える、請求項9に記載のコンピュータ読取可能な記憶媒体。
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-
2008
- 2008-09-18 US US12/233,441 patent/US8614526B2/en active Active
- 2008-09-18 KR KR1020107008432A patent/KR20100072264A/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2008-09-18 CN CN200880107644A patent/CN101803110A/zh active Pending
- 2008-09-18 JP JP2010525979A patent/JP2010539887A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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EP2198477A4 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
EP3258536A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
CN107154534A (zh) | 2017-09-12 |
KR20130026496A (ko) | 2013-03-13 |
EP2198477A1 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
KR101502248B1 (ko) | 2015-03-12 |
JP2013243921A (ja) | 2013-12-05 |
KR20100072264A (ko) | 2010-06-30 |
JP2010539887A (ja) | 2010-12-16 |
US8614526B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
KR20130029109A (ko) | 2013-03-21 |
US20130278211A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
EP2198477B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
CN101803110A (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
KR101515727B1 (ko) | 2015-04-27 |
US20090102292A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
WO2009039308A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
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