JP5856965B2 - ピロロピリジン化合物とその用途 - Google Patents
ピロロピリジン化合物とその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5856965B2 JP5856965B2 JP2012535095A JP2012535095A JP5856965B2 JP 5856965 B2 JP5856965 B2 JP 5856965B2 JP 2012535095 A JP2012535095 A JP 2012535095A JP 2012535095 A JP2012535095 A JP 2012535095A JP 5856965 B2 JP5856965 B2 JP 5856965B2
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- 150000005255 pyrrolopyridines Chemical class 0.000 title description 24
- -1 pyrrolopyridine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 311
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 152
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 20
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N borane Chemical group [10BH3] UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- XWIYUCRMWCHYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=N1 XWIYUCRMWCHYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GTGIXCPOLMWQTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanomethylazanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound NCC#N.OS(O)(=O)=O GTGIXCPOLMWQTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- PVQAASIVXYZXFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-5-ylboronic acid Chemical compound S1C=CC2=C1C=C(B(O)O)S2 PVQAASIVXYZXFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYJJCSYBSYXGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl PYJJCSYBSYXGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(3-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=C(C=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/20—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the material in which the electroluminescent material is embedded
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/484—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the channel regions
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/90—Multiple hosts in the emissive layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/611—Charge transfer complexes
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
Description
2、14 陽極
3、16 正孔注入/輸送層
4、18 発光層
5 電子注入/輸送層
6、20 陰極
30 直流電源
32、34 昇圧回路
36、46 ドライバ回路
38 マイクロコンピューター
40 クロック発生回路
42、44 発振回路
48 表示パネル
49 基板
50 ゲート電極
51 絶縁体層
52 ソース電極
53 ドレイン電極
54 有機半導体層
反応容器に酢酸30mlをとり、化学式83で表されるテトラベンゾイルエタン2.00g、p−トルイジン1.42g、及びp−トルエンスルホン酸30mgを添加して24時間加熱還流した。加熱還流後、8時間及び16時間後に、p−トルイジン1.42gを追加し、反応させた後、徐冷し、1日放置し、結晶化させて、N−(p−メチルフェニル)−2,5−ジフェニル−3,4−ジベンゾイルピロール(中間生成物)を得た。次いで、適量のn−ブタノールに中間生成物0.8gとアミノアセトニトリル0.45gを加え、48時間加熱還流し、加熱還流後、12時間後、24時間後、及び48時間後に、アミノアセトニトリル0.45gをそれぞれ添加し、反応させた後、徐冷し、1日放置し、析出物を濾過し、水を加えて洗浄した。次いでテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に溶解し、活性炭を添加し加熱し、不純物を除去し、THFを留去した。得られた粗結晶をn−ブタノールで再結晶化し、この発明のピロロピリジン化合物である化学式1で表される6−シアノ−2−N−(p−メチルフェニル)−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニルピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジンの黄色針状結晶を得た。結晶の一部をとり、常法にしたがって塩化メチレン溶液における可視吸収スペクトル及び蛍光スペクトルを測定したところ、波長260nm(波長394nmに副吸収を伴う)に吸収極大及び波長495nmに蛍光極大が観察された。市販の蛍光量子収率測定装置(商品名『C9920−02G型絶対PL量子収率測定装置』、浜松ホトニクス株式会社製)を用いて、励起光を405nmに設定し、クロロホルム溶液における蛍光量子収率を測定したところ、0.78であった。また、常法にしたがって重水素化クロロホルム溶液における1H−NMRを測定したところ、化学シフトδ(ppm、TMS)が2.1(3H,CH3)及び6.8乃至7.2(24H,ArH)の位置にピークが観察された。更に、市販のDSC分析装置(商品名『DSC220U型』、セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製造)を用い、昇温速度10℃/分でDSC分析したところ、本例のピロロピリジン化合物の融点は268.7℃、分解点は430.8℃であった。
反応容器に酢酸150mlをとり、化学式83で表されるテトラベンゾイルエタン10.00g、アニシジン8.27g、及びp−トルエンスルホン酸0.10gを添加して14時間加熱還流した。加熱還流開始後、2時間後及び5時間後にアニシジン8.27gをそれぞれ添加し、反応させた後、徐冷し、1日放置し、析出物を濾取することにより、N−(4−メトキシフェニル)−2,5−ジフェニル−3,4−ジベンゾイルピロール(中間生成物)5.99gを得た。次いでこの中間生成物5.00g、硫酸アミノアセトニトリル2.89g、n−ブタノール50mlを加え、140℃のオイルバス上51時間加熱還流した。加熱還流開始後6時間後、24時間後、30時間後にそれぞれ硫酸アミノアセトニトリル2.89gを添加し、反応を完結させたあと、徐冷し、一日放置し、析出物を濾取した。その後、カラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製することにより、化学式2で表される2−(4−メトキシフェニル)−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−6−カルボニトリル(黄色結晶)3.16gを得た。結晶の一部をとり、常法にしたがって塩化メチレン溶液における可視吸収スペクトル及び蛍光スペクトルを測定したところ、波長272.5nmに吸収極大(波長393.5nmに副吸収スペクトルを伴う)及び495.0nmに蛍光極大が観察された。市販の分光蛍光光度計(商品名『F4500型分光蛍光光度計』、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製)を用いて、励起光を405nmに設定し、クロロホルム溶液における蛍光強度を測定した後、それぞれの波数における蛍光強度を積分し積分強度を算出し、蛍光量子収率が0.78である化学式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物との蛍光強度の積分値比較により、相対的に蛍光量子収率を算出したところ、0.80であった。また、常法にしたがって重水素化クロロホルム溶液における1H−NMRを測定したところ、化学シフトδ(ppm、TMS)が3.6(3H,−OMe)、6.6乃至7.3(24H,ArH)の位置にピークが観察された。更に、市販のDSC分析装置(商品名『DSC220U型』、セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製造)を用い、昇温速度10℃/分でDSC分析したところ、本例のピロロピリジン化合物の融点は264.0℃、分解点は399.6℃であった。
反応容器に酢酸60mlをとり、化学式83で表されるテトラベンゾイルエタン5.46g、N,N−ジメチル−1,4−フェニレンジアミン5.00g、及びp−トルエンスルホン酸0.06gを添加して15時間加熱還流した。加熱還流開始後、2.5時間後及び5時間後にN,N−ジメチル−1,4−フェニレンジアミン5.00gをそれぞれ添加した。反応させた後、徐冷し、1日放置し、析出物を濾過にて除去し、カラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製することによりN−(4−ジメチルアミノフェニル)−2,5−ジフェニル−3,4−ジベンゾイルピロール(中間生成物)5.1gを得た。次いでこの中間生成物5.00g、硫酸アミノアセトニトリル2.82g、n−ブタノール50mlを加え、140℃のオイルバス上50時間加熱還流した。加熱還流開始後6時間後、24時間後、30時間後、48時間後にそれぞれ硫酸アミノアセトニトリル2.82gを添加した。反応を完結させたあと、徐冷し、一日放置し、析出物を濾取した。その後、カラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製することにより、化学式3で表される2−(4−ジメチルアミノフェニル)−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−6−カルボニトリル(黄色結晶)2.52gを得た。結晶の一部をとり、常法にしたがって塩化メチレン溶液における可視吸収スペクトル及び蛍光スペクトルを測定したところ、それぞれ、波長264.0nmに吸収極大(波長394nmに副吸収スペクトルを伴う)及び497.0nmに蛍光極大が観察された。市販の分光蛍光光度計(商品名『F4500型分光蛍光光度計』、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製)を用いて、励起光を405nmに設定し、クロロホルム溶液における蛍光強度を測定した後、積分強度を算出し、蛍光量子収率が0.78である化学式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物との蛍光強度の積分値比較により、相対的に蛍光量子収率を算出したところ、0.82であった。また、常法にしたがって重水素化クロロホルム溶液における1H−NMRを測定したところ、化学シフトδ(ppm、TMS)が2.83(6H,CH3)6.32乃至7.31(24H,ArH)の位置にピークが観察された。更に、市販のDSC分析装置(商品名『DSC220U型』、セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製造)を用い、昇温速度10℃/分でDSC分析したところ、本例のピロロピリジン化合物の融点は326.7℃、分解点は415.7℃であった。
反応容器に酢酸65mlをとり、化学式83で表されるテトラベンゾイルエタン4.33g、m−ブロモアニリン3.16ml、及びp−トルエンスルホン酸0.06gを添加して15時間加熱還流した。加熱還流後、3.5時間後、7時間後、及び11時間後にp−ブロモアニリン3.16mlをそれぞれ添加し、反応させた後、徐冷し、酢酸を留去した。その後クロロホルム30mlに溶解し、重炭酸水素ナトリウム水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、溶媒を留去した。その後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより、N−(3−ブロモフェニル)−2,5−ジフェニル−3,4−ジベンゾイルピロール(中間生成物)を得た。次いでこの中間生成物1.97g、硫酸アミノアセトニトリル1.04g、n−ブタノール20mlを加え、140℃のオイルバス上37.5時間加熱還流した。加熱還流後6時間毎に硫酸アミノアセトニトリル1.04gを添加し、反応を完結させたあと、徐冷し、一日放置し、析出物を濾取した。その後クロロホルム36mlを加え加熱還流し、不溶物をフィルターし、濾液にエタノール25mlを加えたのち、クロロホルムを留去し、冷却後析出物を濾取し、化学式15で表される2−(3−ブロモフェニル)−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−6−カルボニトリル(黄色結晶)を得た。結晶の一部をとり、常法にしたがって塩化メチレン溶液における可視吸収スペクトル及び蛍光スペクトルを測定したところ、波長255nmに吸収極大(波長390nmに副吸収スペクトルを伴う)及び波長485nmに蛍光極大が観察された。市販の分光蛍光光度計(商品名『F4500型分光蛍光光度計』、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製)を用いて、励起光を405nmに設定し、クロロホルム溶液における蛍光強度を測定した後、積分強度を算出し、蛍光量子収率が0.78である化学式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物との蛍光強度の積分値比較により、相対的に蛍光量子収率を算出したところ、0.73であった。また、常法にしたがって重水素化クロロホルム溶液における1H−NMRを測定したところ、化学シフトδ(ppm、TMS)が6.6乃至7.3(24H,ArH)の位置にピークが観察された。更に、市販のDSC分析装置(商品名『DSC220U型』、セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製造)を用い、昇温速度10℃/分でDSC分析したところ、本例のピロロピリジン化合物の融点は259.9℃、分解点は390.7℃であった。
反応容器に酢酸225mlをとり、化学式83で表されるテトラベンゾイルエタン15.00g、p−ブロモアニリン17.34g、及びp−トルエンスルホン酸0.23gを添加して24時間加熱還流した。加熱還流後、8時間後及び16時間後にp−ブロモアニリン17.34gをそれぞれ添加し、反応させた後、徐冷し、1日放置し、析出物を濾取した。その後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより、N−(4−ブロモフェニル)−2,5−ジフェニル−3,4−ジベンゾイルピロール(中間生成物)を得た。次いでこの中間生成物12.57g、硫酸アミノアセトニトリル6.65g、n−ブタノール125mlを加え、160℃のオイルバス上72時間加熱還流した。加熱還流後8時間毎に硫酸アミノアセトニトリル6.65gを添加し、反応を完結させたあと、徐冷し、一日放置し、析出物を濾取した。その後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより、化学式16で表される2−(4−ブロモフェニル)−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−6−カルボニトリルを得た。結晶の一部をとり、常法にしたがって塩化メチレン溶液における可視吸収スペクトル及び蛍光スペクトルを測定したところ、波長257nmに吸収極大(波長391nmに副吸収スペクトルを伴う)及び485nmに蛍光極大が観察された。市販の分光蛍光光度計(商品名『F4500型分光蛍光光度計』、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製)を用いて、励起光を405nmに設定し、クロロホルム溶液における蛍光強度を測定した後、積分強度を算出し、蛍光量子収率が0.78である化学式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物との蛍光強度の積分値比較により、相対的に蛍光量子収率を算出したところ、0.72であった。また、常法にしたがって重水素化クロロホルム溶液における1H−NMRを測定したところ、化学シフトδ(ppm、TMS)が6.8乃至7.4(24H,ArH)の位置にピークが観察された。更に、市販のDSC分析装置(商品名『DSC220U型』、セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製造)を用い、昇温速度10℃/分でDSC分析したところ、本例のピロロピリジン化合物の融点は272.5℃、分解点は398.1℃であった。
反応容器に実施例4記載の化学式15で表される2−(3−ブロモフェニル)−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−6−カルボニトリル0.1g、1,4−フェニレンビスボロン酸0.0138g、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)0.0058g、炭酸カリウム0.053gを加えアルゴン置換し、次いで、トルエン2ml、エタノール0.6ml、純水1mlを加え、130℃のオイルバス上、5時間加熱攪拌した。反応後、冷却し、析出物を濾取した。その後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製し、化学式57で表される3,3”−ビス(6−シアノ−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−2−イル)−[1,1’;4’,1”]ターフェニル(黄橙色針状結晶)を得た。結晶の一部をとり、常法にしたがって塩化メチレン溶液における可視吸収スペクトル及び蛍光スペクトルを測定したところ、波長276nmに吸収極大(波長392nmに副吸収スペクトルを伴う)及び490nmに蛍光極大が観察された。市販の分光蛍光光度計(商品名『F4500型分光蛍光光度計』、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製)を用いて、励起光を405nmに設定し、クロロホルム溶液における蛍光強度を測定した後、積分強度を算出し、蛍光量子収率が0.78である化学式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物との蛍光強度の積分値比較により、相対的に蛍光量子収率を算出したところ、0.76であった。また、常法にしたがって重水素化クロロホルム溶液における1H−NMRを測定したところ、化学シフトδ(ppm、TMS)が6.6乃至7.3(52H,ArH)の位置にピークが観察された。更に、市販のDSC分析装置(商品名『DSC220U型』、セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製造)を用い、昇温速度10℃/分でDSC分析したところ、本例のピロロピリジン化合物の融点は399.3℃、分解点は505.1℃であった。また、市販の質量分析装置(商品名『LCQ Advantage』、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック株式会社製造)を用いて分析したところ、質量電荷比(m/z)1121.60が観察された。
反応容器に実施例5記載の化学式16で表される2−(4−ブロモフェニル)−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−6−カルボニトリル1g、1,4−フェニレンビスボロン酸0.138g、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)0.058g、炭酸カリウム0.53gを加えアルゴン置換し、次いで、トルエン20ml、エタノール6ml、純水10mlを加え、130℃のオイルバス上、6時間加熱攪拌した。反応後、冷却し、析出物を濾取した。その後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製し、化学式53で表される4,4”−ビス(6−シアノ−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−2−イル)−[1,1’;4’,1”]ターフェニル(黄橙色針状結晶)を得た。結晶の一部をとり、常法にしたがって塩化メチレン溶液における可視吸収スペクトル及び蛍光スペクトルを測定したところ、波長298nmに吸収極大(波長391nmに副吸収スペクトルを伴う)及び491nmに蛍光極大が観察された。市販の蛍光量子収率測定装置(商品名『C9920−02G型絶対PL量子収率測定装置』、浜松ホトニクス株式会社製)を用いて、励起光を405nmに設定し、クロロホルム溶液における蛍光量子収率を測定したところ、0.74であった。また、常法にしたがって重水素化クロロホルム溶液における1H−NMRを測定したところ、化学シフトδ(ppm、TMS)が6.6乃至7.5(52H,ArH)の位置にピークが観察された。更に、市販のDSC分析装置(商品名『DSC220U型』、セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製造)を用い、昇温速度10℃/分でDSC分析したところ、本例のピロロピリジン化合物の融点は455.9℃、分解点は519.0℃であった。また、結晶の一部を適量とり、メノーのすり鉢に乗せ、良くすり潰し、その後、測定用のセルに色素粉末を挿み、分光蛍光光度計(商品名『F4500形分光蛍光光度計』、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製造)を用い測定したところ、加圧後の発光波長が加圧前よりも30.8nm長波長側に変化した。なお、すり潰した結晶粉末を200℃で30秒間加熱すると元の蛍光発光が観察された。本例のピロロピリジン化合物は機械的刺激により蛍光発光波長が変化し、加熱することで元の蛍光発光波長へ戻るメカノクロミック特性を有する化合物であることがわかった。また、市販の質量分析装置(商品名『LCQ Advantage』、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック株式会社製造)を用いて分析したところ、質量電荷比(m/z)1121.60が観察された。
反応容器に化学式16で表される2−(4−ブロモフェニル)−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−6−カルボニトリル93mg、テトラブチルアンモニウムブロミド26mg、炭酸カリウム23mg、酢酸パラジウム(II)8mgを加え、アルゴン置換し、次いでトルエン2ml、エタノール0.6ml、純水1mlを加え、100℃のオイルバス上、4.5時間加熱攪拌した。その後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーで精製し、化学式54で表される4,4’−ビス(6−シアノ−1,3,4,7−テトラフェニル−2H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピリジン−2−イル)ビフェニル(黄色針状結晶)を得た。結晶の一部をとり、常法にしたがって塩化メチレン溶液における可視吸収スペクトル及び蛍光スペクトルを測定したところ、波長291nmに吸収極大(波長394nmに副吸収スペクトルを伴う)及び490nmに蛍光極大が観察された。市販の蛍光量子収率測定装置(商品名『C9920−02G型絶対PL量子収率測定装置』、浜松ホトニクス株式会社製)を用いて、励起光を405nmに設定し、クロロホルム溶液における蛍光量子収率を測定したところ、0.70であった。また、常法にしたがって重水素化クロロホルム溶液における1H−NMRを測定したところ、化学シフトδ(ppm、TMS)が6.6乃至7.3(48H,ArH)の位置にピークが観察された。更に、市販のDSC分析装置(商品名『DSC220U型』、セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製造)を用い、昇温速度10℃/分でDSC分析したところ、本例のピロロピリジン化合物の融点は467.6℃、分解点は514.5℃であった。また、結晶の一部を適量とり、メノーのすり鉢に乗せ、良くすり潰し、その後、測定用のセルに色素粉末を挿み、分光蛍光光度計(商品名『F4500型分光蛍光光度計』、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製造)を用いて測定したところ、加圧後の発光波長が加圧前よりも19.6nm長波長側に変化した。なお、すり潰した結晶粉末を200℃で30秒加熱すると元の蛍光発光である490nmの蛍光発光が観察された。本例のピロロピリジン化合物は機械的刺激により蛍光発光波長が変化し、加熱することで元の蛍光発光波長へ戻るメカノクロミック特性を有する化合物であることがわかった。また、市販の質量分析装置(商品名『JMS−T100LC AccuTOF』、日本電子株式会社製造)を用いて分析したところ、質量電荷比(m/z)1045.3985が観察された。
実施例1乃至実施例8で得た、化学式1乃至化学式3、化学式15、化学式16、化学式53、化学式54及び化学式57で表されるこの発明のピロロピリジン化合物を、それぞれ、水冷式昇華精製装置内へ仕込み、常法により、装置内を減圧に保ちながら加熱することによってそれぞれ昇華精製した。
この発明による有機EL素子用ピロロピリジン化合物を用い、図1に示す構造の積層型有機EL素子を作製した。すなわち、常法により、臭化水素酸によりパターン化した厚さ160nmの透明ITO電極を有するガラス製基板を有機アルカリ洗浄剤、純水、アセトン及びエタノールを用いて超音波洗浄し、乾燥し、紫外線オゾンによりITO電極表面の有機物を除去した後、真空蒸着装置における前処理室へ移した。前処理室内を1×10−6Torrまで減圧した後、アルゴン/酸素混合気を1×10−2Torrまで導入し、ITO電極表面をプラズマ処理することによって、陽極2としてのITO電極を有する清浄な基板1を得た。
図2に示すのは、この発明の有機EL素子を主体とする単純マトリックス方式による表示パネルの1例(水平方向に20電極列、垂直方向に30電極列)であり、斯かる表示パネルは次のようにして作製することができる。
図3のブロックダイアグラムに示すのは、実施例12の方法により作製した表示パネルを用いる情報表示機器の1例である。図3において、30は出力電圧4.5Vの直流電源であり、その出力端には二つの昇圧回路32、34が接続されている。昇圧回路32は5乃至12Vの範囲の直流電圧を供給することができ、その出力端はドライバ回路36へ接続されている。もう一方の昇圧回路34は、5Vの定電圧をマイクロコンピューター38へ供給するためのものである。
ガラス基板上に、30nmの膜厚のITOを陽極として積層し、このITO陽極上に、真空蒸着法により、ホール輸送層、レーザー活性層、電子輸送層を順に形成した。ホール輸送層として、化学式84で表されるTPTEを20nmまで蒸着して正孔注入/輸送層を積層し、さらにレーザー活性層として、この発明の化学式57で表されるピロロピリジン化合物をホスト化合物として、ゲスト化合物に4−(ジシアノメチレン)−2−メチル−6−p−ジメチルアミノスチリル−4H−ピラン(以下、「DCM」と略記する。)を用い、DCMを6質量%となるように共蒸着によって作成し、その膜厚を70nmとした。電子輸送層として、AlQ3を膜厚40nmまで蒸着して堆積した。陰極は、約3×10−3Paの真空中で、アルゴンおよび酸素のガスフロー中で、マグネトロンスッパタリングによりITOからなる導電薄膜を形成した。この素子に、ポンピングレーザー光(チッソガスレーザー:波長337nm)を入射して光励起を行ったところ、いわゆる増幅された自然放出光が確認された。このことから、この発明のピロロピリジン化合物は、ホスト化合物としてレーザー活性層より容易にレーザー発振を生じさせることの可能な有機半導体材料であることが示唆された。
ガラス基板上に、ゲート電極としてタンタルをスパッタリング法により製膜し、ゲート電極を形成した。このタンタル層を有するゲート電極の表層部を1.5%硼酸アンモニウム水溶液を用いた陽極酸化を行うことによって膜厚150nmの酸化タンタル膜を形成した。酸化タンタル膜からなる絶縁体層の表面処理として、上記基板をオゾン雰囲気下にて20分間紫外線を照射した後、ヘキサメチルジシラザンに浸漬して3時間放置した後、トルエンに浸漬し、超音波処理を行い未反応のヘキサメチレンジシラザンを除去し、乾燥を行った。表面処理を施した絶縁体層上にソース電極、ドレイン電極となるAu電極を真空蒸着法により形成した。なお、ソース電極とドレイン電極の膜厚は50nmとし、ソース電極とドレイン電極との距離は20μm、電極の幅を10mmとした。次に上記基板を真空蒸着装置に導入し、真空度1×10−6Torr、蒸着速度10Å/minの条件で、化学式53で表されるこの発明のピロロピリジン化合物を蒸着することにより有機半導体層を形成し、この発明のピロロピリジン化合物を含有する有機トランジスタを作製した。
紫外領域に吸収極大を有する化学式15、化学式53で表されるこの発明の2種類のピロロピリジン化合物を質量比2:1の割合で均一に混合し、混合物にN−メチルピロリドンを質量比1:100で加えた後、常法にしたがって、溶液に微細な多孔質構造を有するシリカ粒子(平均粒径2乃至6μm)を浸漬して有機色素化合物をマイクロカプセル化し、この発明の光吸収材を得た。複数の有機化合物が互いに渾然一体に混じり合った光吸収材としてのマイクロカプセルをアクリル酸エステル系バインダー(商品名『ブライマールHA−16』、日本ライヒホールド製造)に質量比1:1の割合で混合した後、120g/lの水分散液とした。この分散液にナイロン6の加工糸からなるストッキングを浸漬し、マイクロカプセルを乾燥重量で3%付着させた後、遠心脱水機により脱水し、120℃で乾燥し、140℃で3分間乾熱セットした。その後、有機色素化合物のマイクロカプセルを付着させたストッキングを右脚部(試験例)に、有機色素化合物を付着させない同様のストッキングを左脚部(比較例)にそれぞれ配し、手縫製することによってパンティーストッキングを作製した。
化学式53で表されるこの発明のピロロピリジン化合物を適量とり、酢酸エチル溶剤に加えた後、攪拌を充分に行い、粒子が均一に分散された状態とした後にガラス基板へ分散溶液を塗布し乾燥させることにより、均一な薄膜が形成された書き込み消去型の発光表示ディスプレーを作製した。この発光表示ディスプレーの表面をスパーテルを用いてこすった後、紫外線を照射するとこすった部分が変色し鮮やかな模様が表れた。また、この発光表示ディスプレイーを過熱すると元の発光色に戻った。以上のことから、この発明のピロロピリジン化合物は、圧力、引張、摩擦などの機械的な力によって変色するメカノクロミック特性を有する材料として、上記書き込み消去型の発光表示ディスプレーに使用することができる。また、加熱により元の発色光へ変色する性質を利用すれば、感熱記録材料としても利用することができる。
化学式1、化学式2、化学式3、化学式53、および化学式54で表されるこの発明のピロロピリジン化合物を用いて、それぞれの化合物の1.0×10−6Mのクロロホルム溶液を作成し、市販の分光蛍光光度計(商品名『F4500型分光蛍光光度計』、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製)を用い、励起光をそれぞれの化合物の励起スペクトル測定での極大波長として設定し、常法に従い、それらの蛍光スペクトルを測定した。得られた蛍光スペクトル図を図5に示す。発光のエネルギー強度を比較するため、得られた蛍光スペクトルの波長(nm)を、波数(kcm−1)に変換し、それぞれの化合物についてスペクトルでの蛍光強度の積分値を求めた。ピロロピリジン化合物単量体である化学式1、化学式2、および化学式3で表されるピロロピリジン化合物のそれぞれの蛍光強度の積分値は、87.7、75.7および77.1となり、ピロロピリジン化合物2量体である化学式53および化学式54で表されるピロロピリジン化合物のそれぞれの蛍光強度の積分値は、213.7および189.3となった。
化学式54で表されるこの発明のピロロピリジン化合物を含むクロロホルム溶液を用いて、トリクロロ酢酸の添加による蛍光消光実験を行った。すなわち、1.38×10−2mMの濃度で化学式54で表されるピロロピリジン化合物を含むクロロホルム溶液に対して、0mM、13.1mM、26.2mM、39.3mM、および52.4mMの濃度でトリクロロ酢酸を含む混合溶液を作成した。作成した混合溶液を、市販の分光蛍光光度計(商品名『F4500型分光蛍光光度計』、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製)を用い蛍光スペクトルを測定し、蛍光強度を求めたことろ、トリクロロ酢酸の添加量増加に伴い、蛍光強度の有意な減少が観察された。トリクロロ酢酸濃度0mM、13.1mM、26.2mM、39.3mM、および52.4mMに対し、それぞれ観察された蛍光強度(I)は、99、36、11、3、及び2となった。
この発明のピロロピリジン化合物として、化学式1、化合物54で表される単量体、二量体のピロロピリジン化合物それぞれについて、耐熱性試験を以下のとおり行った。ピロロピリジン化合物のいずれかを0.5質量%、及びポリメタクリル酸メチル樹脂1.25質量%含有するクロロホルム溶液を、5cm×5cmのガラス基盤にスピンコートを行った後、2種類のガラス基板について、それぞれのピロロピリジン化合物の吸収極大波長における透過率(T0)を求めた。次いで、真空定温乾燥機(商品名:『DP43』、ヤマト科学株式会社製)を用い、常圧・遮光下にて150℃で44時間加熱し、加熱後のガラス基板上のピロロピリジン化合物の吸収極大波長における透過率(T)を求め、ピロロピリジン化合物の残存率(%)を計算した。残存率は、下記数1へ代入して計算することができる。
飽和共重合ポリエステル系樹脂(商品名『バイロン200』、東洋紡績株式会社製造)の25質量%トルエン溶液100質量部と、化学式1、15又は53で表されるピロロピリジン化合物のいずれかの3.0質量%シクロヘキサン溶液50質量部とを混合した後、トルエンを加えて、ポリエステル系樹脂の濃度を10質量%に調整した。次いで、バーコーターを用いて、この溶液をポリエチレンテレフタレート製フィルム(商品名『ルミラー T60』、東レ株式会社製造、厚さ50μm)の片面へ均一に塗布し、乾燥させることによって、膜厚25μmの紫外線吸収層を形成し、3種類の紫外線吸収フィルムを作製した。
アクリル樹脂(商品名『ファインタック』、大日本インキ工業株式会社製造)100質量部、化学式54又は化学式57で表されるピロロピリジン化合物のいずれかを2質量部を酢酸エチル40質量部、メチルエチルケトン50質量部に加えて45℃にて溶解し溶液を調整した。この溶液をポリエチレンテレフタレート製フィルム(商品名『ルミラー T60』、東レ株式会社製造、厚さ50μm)の片面へ均一に塗布し、乾燥させることによって、膜厚25μmの粘着性の強い紫外線吸収層を形成し、2種類の紫外線吸収フィルムを作製した。
Claims (9)
- 一般式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物。
一般式1:
- 一般式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物を含んでなる有機半導体材料。
一般式1:
- 請求項2記載の有機半導体材料を用いる有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物を含んでなる有機電界発光素子用発光剤。
一般式1:
(一般式1において、Xは、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ピリジン環、チオフェン環、フラン環、又はピロール環から選ばれる芳香環又は複素芳香環が1又は複数結合した構造を表し、それら芳香環又は複素芳香環は、フルオロ基、クロロ基、ブロモ基、ヨード基、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基、ボラン基、メチル基、エチル基、メトキシ基、ブトキシ基、クロロ基、及びジエチルアミノ基から選ばれる置換基を有していてもよい。R1は、フルオロ基、クロロ基、ブロモ基、ヨード基、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基、及びボラン基から選ばれる置換基を表す。R2乃至R5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又はメチル基、エチル基、メトキシ基、ブトキシ基、クロロ基、及びジエチルアミノ基から選ばれる置換基を表し、それら置換基の結合位置は、それらが結合する各フェニル基におけるオルト位、メタ位、パラ位のいずれであってもよく、各フェニル基におけるオルト位、メタ位、パラ位の2以上の位置にそれら置換基が結合している場合、それら置換基は互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよく、隣接するもの同士が互いに結合し合い、それらが結合する炭素原子を含んで、環状構造を形成していてもよい。nは、1又は2を表す。但し、nが2のとき(但し、Xがフェニレン基又はビフェニレン基である場合を除く)、一般式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物はXを介して2量体化し、R1は存在しない。) - 有機電界発光素子が、陽極、正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層、及び陰極を備える有機電界発光素子であって、前記発光層に、一般式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物がドーパントとして、又、正孔輸送層物質及び電子輸送層物質がともにホストとして配合されていることを特徴とする請求項3記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 請求項3又は5記載の有機電界発光素子を用いる表示パネル。
- 請求項3又は5記載の有機電界発光素子を用いる情報表示機器。
- 一般式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物を含んでなる光吸収材。
一般式1:
(一般式1において、Xは、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ピリジン環、チオフェン環、フラン環、又はピロール環から選ばれる芳香環又は複素芳香環が1又は複数結合した構造を表し、それら芳香環又は複素芳香環は、フルオロ基、クロロ基、ブロモ基、ヨード基、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基、ボラン基、メチル基、エチル基、メトキシ基、ブトキシ基、クロロ基、及びジエチルアミノ基から選ばれる置換基を有していてもよい。R1は、フルオロ基、クロロ基、ブロモ基、ヨード基、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基、及びボラン基から選ばれる置換基を表す。R2乃至R5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又はメチル基、エチル基、メトキシ基、ブトキシ基、クロロ基、及びジエチルアミノ基から選ばれる置換基を表し、それら置換基の結合位置は、それらが結合する各フェニル基におけるオルト位、メタ位、パラ位のいずれであってもよく、各フェニル基におけるオルト位、メタ位、パラ位の2以上の位置にそれら置換基が結合している場合、それら置換基は互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよく、隣接するもの同士が互いに結合し合い、それらが結合する炭素原子を含んで、環状構造を形成していてもよい。nは、1又は2を表す。但し、nが2のとき(但し、Xがフェニレン基又はビフェニレン基である場合を除く)、一般式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物はXを介して2量体化し、R1は存在しない。) - 一般式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物を含んでなるメカノクロミック材料。
一般式1:
(一般式1において、Xは、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ピリジン環、チオフェン環、フラン環、又はピロール環から選ばれる芳香環又は複素芳香環が1又は複数結合した構造を表し、それら芳香環又は複素芳香環は、フルオロ基、クロロ基、ブロモ基、ヨード基、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基、ボラン基、メチル基、エチル基、メトキシ基、ブトキシ基、クロロ基、及びジエチルアミノ基から選ばれる置換基を有していてもよい。R1は、フルオロ基、クロロ基、ブロモ基、ヨード基、ボロン酸基、ボロン酸エステル基、及びボラン基から選ばれる置換基を表す。R2乃至R5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又はメチル基、エチル基、メトキシ基、ブトキシ基、クロロ基、及びジエチルアミノ基から選ばれる置換基を表し、それら置換基の結合位置は、それらが結合する各フェニル基におけるオルト位、メタ位、パラ位のいずれであってもよく、各フェニル基におけるオルト位、メタ位、パラ位の2以上の位置にそれら置換基が結合している場合、それら置換基は互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよく、隣接するもの同士が互いに結合し合い、それらが結合する炭素原子を含んで、環状構造を形成していてもよい。nは、1又は2を表す。但し、nが2のとき(但し、Xがフェニレン基又はビフェニレン基である場合を除く)、一般式1で表されるピロロピリジン化合物はXを介して2量体化し、R1は存在しない。)
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