JP5842854B2 - ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5842854B2 JP5842854B2 JP2013078750A JP2013078750A JP5842854B2 JP 5842854 B2 JP5842854 B2 JP 5842854B2 JP 2013078750 A JP2013078750 A JP 2013078750A JP 2013078750 A JP2013078750 A JP 2013078750A JP 5842854 B2 JP5842854 B2 JP 5842854B2
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- surface layer
- stainless steel
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- chromium
- corrosion
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 116
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 116
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 175
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 175
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 168
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 163
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 129
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 127
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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Description
図1ないし図9は、本発明の一実施形態に係るステンレス鋼とその製造方法を説明するための図である。
No.2で示す実施例1では、SUS316LからなるワークWの表層部分L2に対し、処理温度を1200[℃]とし、処理圧力を1.0×10−2[Pa]として、約2時間の脱クロム処理を実行し、クロム含有率を減少させた層厚20μmの表層12を形成した。
No.3で示す実施例2では、SUS316LからなるワークWの表層部分L2に対し、処理温度を1250[℃]とし、処理圧力を1.0×10−2[Pa]として、約1時間の脱クロム処理を実行し、クロム含有率を減少させた層厚20μmの表層12を形成した。
No.4で示す実施例3では、SUS316LからなるワークWの表層部分L2に対し、処理温度を1300[℃]とし、処理圧力を1.0×10−2[Pa]として、約1時間の脱クロム処理を実行し、クロム含有率を減少させた層厚20μmの表層12を形成した。
No.1で示す比較例1では、SUS316LからなるワークWの表層部分L2に対し、脱クロム処理を施さず、表層部分L2と基材層部分L1を共にSUS316Lの素材のままとした。
No.5で示す比較例2では、SUS316LからなるワークWの表層部分L2に対し、処理温度を900[℃]とし、処理圧力を1.0×10−2[Pa]として、約1時間の低圧・高温加熱処理を実行した。
No.6で示す比較例3では、SUS316LからなるワークWの表層部分L2に対し、処理温度を1250[℃]とし、処理圧力を1.0×103[Pa]として、約1時間の比較的低圧の高温加熱処理を実行した。
No.7で示す比較例4では、SUS316LからなるワークWの表層部分L2に対し、処理温度を1200[℃]とし、処理圧力を1.0×101[Pa]として、約1時間の低圧・高温加熱処理を実行した。
No.8で示す比較例5では、SUS316LからなるワークWの表層部分L2に対し、処理温度を1200[℃]とし、処理圧力を1.0×105[Pa]として、通常の窒化処理を実行した。この場合、ワークWの表層部分L2中のクロム含有率が減少しているものの、図8(b)に示すように、表層部分L2中の他の合金元素であるニッケル(Ni)や鉄(Fe)の含有率もそれぞれ減少した。
No.9で示す比較例6では、SUS316LからなるワークWの表層部分L2に対し、処理温度を1200[℃]とし、処理圧力を大気圧(概ね1.0×105[Pa])として、通常の酸化処理を実行した。この場合、ワークWの表層部分L2中のクロム含有率が減少しているものの、表層部分L2中の他の合金元素であるニッケル(Ni)、モリブデン(Mo)および鉄(Fe)の含有率もそれぞれ減少した。
Claims (7)
- 複数の合金元素としてクロムおよび他の合金元素を含有するステンレス鋼であって、
前記クロムが不動態皮膜の形成に要する特定クロム含有率以上に含有されている基材層と、
前記基材層に対し前記クロムの含有率が低く、前記他の合金元素の含有率が前記基材層と同等である表層と、を備えたことを特徴とするステンレス鋼。 - 前記表層での前記クロムの含有率が、前記特定クロム含有率未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のステンレス鋼。
- 前記他の合金元素が、前記基材層および前記表層のそれぞれの耐食性を高める添加元素であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のステンレス鋼。
- 前記表層での前記クロムの含有率が11%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のうちいずれか1の請求項に記載のステンレス鋼。
- 前記表層が内燃機関の排気通路の内壁面の一部を形成し、前記基材層および前記表層によって排気系部品が構成されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のうちいずれか1の請求項に記載のステンレス鋼。
- それぞれの層中に複数の合金元素としてクロムおよび他の合金元素を含有する基材層および表層を備えたステンレス鋼素材を準備し、
前記ステンレス素材鋼素材の少なくとも前記表層を、大気圧より低圧の低圧環境下に配置するとともに、前記低圧環境下における前記クロムの蒸発温度より高く前記低圧環境下における前記他の合金元素の蒸発温度より低い処理温度に加熱して、
前記表層における前記他の合金元素の含有率を前記基材層と同等に維持しつつ、前記表層における前記クロムの含有率を前記基材層中のクロム含有率より低下させることを特徴とするステンレス鋼の製造方法。 - それぞれの層中に複数の合金元素としてクロムおよび他の合金元素を含有する基材層および表層を備えたステンレス鋼素材を準備し、
前記ステンレス素材鋼素材の少なくとも前記表層を、所定の加熱温度で高温加熱するとともに、該加熱温度における前記クロムの蒸気圧より低圧であって該加熱温度における前記他の合金元素の蒸気圧より高い低圧環境下で、
前記表層における前記他の合金元素の含有率を前記基材層と同等に維持しつつ、前記表層における前記クロムの含有率を前記基材層中のクロム含有率より低下させることを特徴とするステンレス鋼の製造方法。
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US14/782,156 US10619950B2 (en) | 2013-04-04 | 2014-04-02 | Stainless steel and method of manufacturing the same |
CN201480018776.4A CN105247081B (zh) | 2013-04-04 | 2014-04-02 | 不锈钢及其制造方法 |
DE112014001812.0T DE112014001812B4 (de) | 2013-04-04 | 2014-04-02 | Nichtrostender Stahl und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
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