JP5841138B2 - 次亜塩素酸塩の電気化学的生成用システム - Google Patents
次亜塩素酸塩の電気化学的生成用システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5841138B2 JP5841138B2 JP2013514728A JP2013514728A JP5841138B2 JP 5841138 B2 JP5841138 B2 JP 5841138B2 JP 2013514728 A JP2013514728 A JP 2013514728A JP 2013514728 A JP2013514728 A JP 2013514728A JP 5841138 B2 JP5841138 B2 JP 5841138B2
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- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- YJZATOSJMRIRIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir]=O Chemical class [Ir]=O YJZATOSJMRIRIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkali metal hypochlorite Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000644 isotonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000021962 pH elevation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940021222 peritoneal dialysis isotonic solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
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- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
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- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
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- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
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- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
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- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
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- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
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- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
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- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Description
− アルカリ塩化物溶液の投入量及び所望による希釈;
− 電解槽内部における所定電流密度及び所定時間でのその電解;
− 回収容器内への電解溶液の吐出;
− センサによって実施された電位差測定値と、電解溶液濃度及び印加電流密度に応じた一連の臨界値との比較;
− 前記電位差が対応する臨界値より高くなるといつでも警報装置の作動
を制御及びチェックするのに適切なプロセッサとを含む。
非分割電解槽に、590℃の強制空気再循環オーブン中で5時間の熱処理と87℃の27%H2SO4中で2時間のエッチング処理によって前処理された、面積10cm2及び厚さ0.5mmのチタンシートから得た2対の電極を備え付けた。第一対の電極は、このように処理されたチタンシートに、まず内部触媒コーティングを、RuCl3、H2IrCl6、TaCl5及び2−プロパノール(HClで酸性化されている)を47%Ru、24.7%Ir及び28.3%Taのモル比で含有する第一の含水アルコール前駆体溶液を3層に刷毛塗りし、続いて各コーティング後に510℃で熱分解することによってIrとRuの合計として表された貴金属3g/m2の装填量が得られるまで適用し、その後内部触媒コーティングの上に外部触媒コーティングを、RuCl3、H2IrCl6、TiOCl2及び2−プロパノール(HClで酸性化されている)を15%Ru、7.9%Ir及び77.1%Tiのモル比で含有する第二の含水アルコール前駆体溶液を14層に刷毛塗りし、続いて各コーティング後に510℃で熱分解することによってIrとRuの合計として表された貴金属12g/m2の装填量が得られるまで適用することによって製造した。第二対の電極は、前処理されたチタンシートに、触媒コーティングを、RuCl3、H2IrCl6、TiOCl2及び2−プロパノール(HClで酸性化されている)を前に示したのと同じモル比で含有する同じ第二の前駆体溶液を17層に刷毛塗りし、続いて各コーティング後に510℃で熱分解することによってIrとRuの合計として表された貴金属15g/m2の装填量が得られるまで適用することによって製造した。
非分割電解槽に実施例1の第一対と同じ電極対を備え付け、それをマイクロプロセッサによって制御された次亜塩素酸塩生成用システムに挿入した。システムは下記を含む:
− 投入チャンバ(30g/lの濃度の塩化ナトリウム溶液が予備装填されており、流量計を備えたバルブを通じて水道管に、投入ポンプを通じて電解槽に接続されている。バルブ及び投入ポンプはマイクロプロセッサにインターフェース接続され、指令される)
− 整流器(電解槽の電極に100〜2500A/m2の電流密度でエネルギーを与えることができる。極性を一定時間で又は予定された運転サイクル数の後に反転させる可能性あり。マイクロプロセッサにインターフェース接続され、指令される)
− 電圧計(電解槽の電極及び光警報シグナルに接続されている。どちらもマイクロプロセッサにインターフェース接続されている)
− 3個の回収容器セット(それぞれ100、500及び1000mlの容量。マイクロプロセッサに接続された検出及び認識バーコード型システムを通じて電解槽の出口ダクトにインターフェース接続されるのに適している)。
− 100ml容器について:水道水による希釈をせず30g/lの塩化ナトリウム溶液から出発し、100A/m2の電流密度で6000mg/lの活性塩素溶液
− 500ml容器について:9g/lに希釈された塩化ナトリウム溶液から出発し、500A/m2の電流密度で100mg/lの活性塩素溶液
− 1000ml容器について:25g/lに希釈された塩化ナトリウム溶液から出発し、2000A/m2の電流密度で1000mg/lの活性塩素溶液
第一の実地試験でシステムを稼働した。この間、各プリセットプログラムは1分毎の電極極性反転と関連していた。オペレーターによる異なる容器の挿入と関連次亜塩素酸塩製造プログラムの実行は、1日の中でランダムな順序に従って実施されたが、総機能時間は追跡し、5〜8製造サイクル毎に活性塩素濃度を無作為に分析した。約900時間の総運転後に最初の警報シグナルが記録された。さらに4回の製造サイクル後、警報は絶えず活性化されたままであった。セルは、さらに40時間の間、規則的に動作し続け、予め決められた濃度の次亜塩素酸塩を予定通りの容量で製造した後、完全な電極失活によってそのシャットダウンを余儀なくされた。
Claims (9)
- 次亜塩素酸塩の電気化学的生成用システムであって、
− アルカリ塩化物溶液の投入チャンバと;
− バルブ金属基材とその上に被せた少なくとも2層の異なる組成の触媒層とを含む少なくとも1対の電極を備え、前記投入チャンバからの前記アルカリ塩化物溶液を供給される非分割電解槽と;
− 前記対の前記電極間に所定サイクルで交互分極を伴う電流を印加するための手段と;
− 警報装置に接続された、前記対の前記電極間の電位差を測定するためのセンサと;
− 前記電解槽からの次亜塩素酸塩溶液のための少なくとも一つの回収容器と;
− 前記アルカリ塩化物溶液の投入量と所望による希釈、前記電解槽内部における所定電流密度及び所定時間でのその電解、前記回収容器内部への前記次亜塩素酸塩溶液の吐出、前記センサによって実施された電位差測定値と電解溶液濃度及び印加電流密度に応じた一連の臨界値との比較、前記電位差が対応する臨界値より高いときはいつでも前記警報装置の作動
を制御及びチェックするためにプログラムされたプロセッサと
を含むシステム。 - 求められる使用に応じて連続又は個別方式で生成物である前記次亜塩素酸溶液の濃度及び/又は容量を変えるための外部セレクタ装置を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記プロセッサが、前記少なくとも一つの回収容器の挿入及び種類を認識するよう、そしてまた前記電解槽に供給される溶液の容量及び塩濃度から選ばれる少なくとも一つのパラメーター、電流密度及び電解時間を設定するようプログラムされている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記非分割電解槽に供給される前記アルカリ塩化物溶液の投入量及び所望による希釈が、100〜1000mlの全容量にわたって2〜30g/lのアルカリ塩化物濃度を得られるように前記プロセッサによって調整できる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記電解のためのパラメーターが、100〜2500A/m2の電流密度で30秒〜30分で5mg/l〜10g/lの活性塩素濃度を得られるように前記プロセッサによって調整できる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記電解のためのパラメーターが、50〜200mg/lの活性塩素濃度と共に8〜10g/lの前記アルカリ塩化物の残留濃度を得られるように前記プロセッサによって調整できる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 交互分極を伴う電流を印加するための前記手段が、前記対の電極の極性を各製造サイクルごとに反転する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記上に被せた少なくとも2層の異なる組成の触媒層が、イリジウム、ルテニウム及びタンタルとニオブから選ばれるバルブ金属の酸化物を含有する内部層と、イリジウム、ルテニウム及びチタンの酸化物の混合物を含有する外部層とを含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 金属として表されたイリジウム及びルテニウムの総含有量が、前記内部層では2〜5g/m2であり、前記外部層では7g/m2より高い、請求項8に記載のシステム。
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IT001100A ITMI20101100A1 (it) | 2010-06-17 | 2010-06-17 | Sistema per la generazione elettrochimica di ipoclorito |
PCT/EP2011/060079 WO2011157812A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-06-17 | System for electrochemical generation of hypochlorite |
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ITMI20101098A1 (it) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-18 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Elettrodo per elettroclorazione |
DK2640668T3 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2015-06-01 | Technion Res & Dev Foundation | A physico-chemical method for removing nitrogen species from a recirculated aquaculture system |
US9005523B2 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2015-04-14 | American Sterilizer Company | Cold-mist decontamination unit and method of operating same |
JP5871766B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-03-01 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 電解層、電解水製造装置及び電解水の製造方法 |
WO2014050865A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 電解水製造装置、電解水の製造方法及び電解槽 |
CN104975305A (zh) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-14 | 开物科技股份有限公司 | 次氯酸水生产系统 |
JP6651516B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-27 | 2020-02-19 | インドゥストリエ・デ・ノラ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオーニ | 電気塩素化プロセスのための電極及びその製造方法 |
US10980220B2 (en) | 2016-03-08 | 2021-04-20 | Technion Research & Development Foundation Limited | Disinfection and removal of nitrogen species from saline aquaculture systems |
CN107867736B (zh) * | 2016-09-26 | 2021-04-27 | 蔡子棋 | 次氯酸水生成机及其管理电解状态的方法 |
FR3058737A1 (fr) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-18 | Fluidra Industry France | Methode pour determiner l'etat de vie des electrodes d'un chlorateur salin et systeme de chloration saline incluant un chlorateur avec controle de l'etat de vie des electrodes base sur cette methode |
SG11201907559WA (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2019-09-27 | Evoqua Water Tech Llc | Implementation of feedback control for improved electrochemical system design |
CN107747108A (zh) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-03-02 | 北京金惠昌科技发展有限公司 | 一种实时检测电解液浓度的装置及方法 |
CN111778514A (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-10-16 | 山东新日电气设备有限公司 | 一种智能调节电流密度的次氯酸钠制备系统 |
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BR112012031910A2 (pt) | 2020-09-24 |
EP2582633B1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
US9090980B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
WO2011157812A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
CN102892714B (zh) | 2015-01-14 |
IL222675A0 (en) | 2012-12-31 |
US20130087449A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
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CN102892714A (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
EA201291313A1 (ru) | 2013-04-30 |
JP2013534567A (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
TW201200635A (en) | 2012-01-01 |
BR112012031910B1 (pt) | 2021-03-23 |
KR101833203B1 (ko) | 2018-03-02 |
AU2011267000B2 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
EP2582633A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
HK1181029A1 (en) | 2013-11-01 |
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