JP5814796B2 - 酵素を基剤とする自己研磨型塗料組成物 - Google Patents
酵素を基剤とする自己研磨型塗料組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5814796B2 JP5814796B2 JP2011548695A JP2011548695A JP5814796B2 JP 5814796 B2 JP5814796 B2 JP 5814796B2 JP 2011548695 A JP2011548695 A JP 2011548695A JP 2011548695 A JP2011548695 A JP 2011548695A JP 5814796 B2 JP5814796 B2 JP 5814796B2
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- enzyme
- polysaccharide
- coating composition
- acid
- starch
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1606—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the anti-fouling agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
図1は、三段階の過程に分類される、防汚塗料の研磨に関するメカニズムを示す。
1:バインダー系を含むバインダー相と、顔料および/または充填剤を含む不連続相から構成される防汚塗料を示す。新たに浸漬された防汚塗料は、海水に溶解できる顔料を海水内へ浸出させる。
2:海水に可溶性の顔料により取り残された間隙を充填する海水は、塗料の溶脱層を形成する。水と塗料の界面の表面積は、水とバインダー相残渣の間で更なる相互作用をもたらし得る溶脱層の形成によって増加する。
3:その結果、塗料の最外層は、海水中に放出される。
上述のように、本発明は、バインダー系の形態を有するバインダー相と顔料相を含有する、酵素を基剤とする自己研磨型塗料組成物に関し、該顔料相は(i)多糖および(ii)キャリア材料に固定されて該多糖の加水分解を促進する酵素を含有する。
一般的に、塗料組成物(ペイント、またはペイント組成物と称する場合もある)は、バインダー相(該相は、乾燥により塗膜を形成するので、最終的なペイント被膜の連続層に相当する)と、顔料相(最終的なペイント被膜の不連続相に相当する)から構成される。
多糖
顔料相は、(i)多糖を含有する。
更に、顔料相は、前記多糖の加水分解を促進できる酵素を含有する。
酵素(類)は、キャリア上に固定される。
顔料相(すなわち最終的な(乾燥)ペイント被膜の不連続相に対応する相)も、もちろん、顔料、充填材、繊維および防汚剤を含んでもよく、並びに塗料組成物の顔料相に含まれる他の適当な成分を含有してもよい。
このような物質は、最終的なペイント被膜を非透明および非半透明にする。
塗料組成物のバインダー相は、乾燥により塗膜を形成するので、最終的な(乾燥した)塗膜の連続相に対応する。
本発明の興味深い実施態様において、本発明による塗料組成物中に使用されるバインダー系は、一般式(I)で表される少なくとも1種の末端基を備える少なくとも1種の側鎖を有するシリル化アクリレートコポリマーを含有する。
以下の一般式(III)で表される第2モノマーBと併用される、上述の一般式(II)で表される末端基を備えるモノマー単位を含有する。
本発明の興味深い実施態様において、本発明による塗料組成物において使用されるバインダー系は、一般式(V)で表される少なくとも1種の末端基を備える少なくとも1種の側鎖を有する金属アクリレートコポリマーを含有する:
メチルアクリレート、メチルメタクリレート、エチルアクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、プロピルアクリレート、プロピルメタクリレート、ブチルアクリレート、ブチルメタクリレート、オクチルアクリレート、オクチルメタクリレート、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート、2-エチルヘキシルメタクリレート、メトキシエチルメタクリレート、スチレン、ビニルトルエン、ビニルピリジン、ビニルピロリドン、酢酸ビニル、アクリロニトリル、メタアクリロニトリル、イタコン酸ジメチル、イタコン酸ジブチル、イタコン酸ジ-2-エチル-ヘキシル、マレイン酸ジメチル、マレイン酸ジ(2-エチルヘキシル)、エチレン、プロピレンおよび塩化ビニル。
R9は、5〜20個の炭素原子を有する環状炭化水素基、例えばアビエチン酸、パルストリック(pallustric)酸、ネオアビエチン酸、レボピマル酸、デヒドロアビエチン酸、ピマル酸、イソピマル酸、サンダラコピマル酸およびΔ8,9-イソピマル酸などである。
(1)以下の基を含有する化合物
例えば、フェノール、クレゾール、キシレノール、チモール、カルバコール、オイゲノール、イソオイゲノール、フェニルフェノール、ベンジルフェノール、グアジャコル(guajacol)、ブチルスチルベン、(ジ)ニトロフェノール、ニトロクレゾール、メチルサリチレート、ベンジルサリチレート、モノ-、ジ-、トリ-、テトラ-およびペンタ-クロロフェノール、クロロクレゾール、クロロキシレノール、クロロチモール、p-クロロ-o-シクロ-ヘキシルフェノール、p-クロロ-o-シクロペンチルフェノール、p-クロロ-o-n-ヘキシルフェノール、p-クロロ-o-ベンジルフェノール、p-クロロ-o-ベンジル-m-クレゾールおよび他のフェノール類;β-ナフトール、8-ヒドロキシキノリン。
コ-ポリマーを得るために、他の重合性不飽和モノマーと重合させることができ、任意の習慣的に使用されるエチレン性不飽和モノマーを使用できる。このようなモノマーの例には以下のものが含まれる:メチルメタクリレート、メチルメタクリレート、エチルアクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、プロピルアクリレート、プロピルメタクリレート、ブチルアクリレート、ブチルメタクリレート、オクチルアクリレート、オクチルメタクリレート、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート、2-エチルヘキシルメタクリレート、メトキシエチルメタクリレート、スチレン、ビニルトルエン、ビニルピリジン、ビニルピロリドン、酢酸ビニル、アクリロニトリル、メタアクリロニトリル、イタコン酸ジメチル、イタコン酸ジブチル、イタコン酸ジ-2-エチルヘキシル、マレイン酸ジメチル、マレイン酸ジ(2-エチルヘキシル)、エチレン、プロピレンおよび塩化ビニル。コ-モノマーの具体例は、アルコール残基が嵩高い炭化水素基またはソフトセグメントを有するアクリル酸エステルまたはメタクリル酸エステルであり、例えば、4個以上の炭素原子有する分岐アルキルエステル、または6個以上の原子を有するシクロアルキルエステル、2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレートの付加物または末端アルキルエーテル基を所望により有するポリアルキレングリコールモノアクリレート若しくはモノメタクリレート、または、例えば、欧州特許出願公開第0779304号A1明細書において記載されるような、カプロラクトンを備えるメタクリレートである。
上述のバインダー系(例えば、非水分散形バインダー系およびシリル化アクリレートバインダー系)は、バインダー系の一部として、1種または複数種の更なるバインダー成分をそれらの中に含有できる。以下に記載のバインダー成分は、バインダー系を構成できる(バインダー系の一般的な組成を参照)。
もちろん、バインダー相(すなわち、最終的な(乾燥)ペイント被膜の連続層に対応する相)は、バインダー系(更なるバインダー成分を含む)に加えて、染料、添加剤および溶媒、並びに塗料組成物のバインダー相に含まれる他の適当な成分を含有できる。
本発明の、現段階で好ましい実施態様は、以下の塗料組成物である:
A.バインダー系の形態を有するバインダー相を固形分体積の50〜75%と、顔料相を固形分体積の25〜50%含有する、酵素を基剤とする自己研磨型塗料組成物であって、該顔料相は、乾燥被膜の固形分体積の20〜49%の量で(i)デンプンおよび(ii)アミラーゼから選択される酵素を含有し、該酵素は該デンプンに固定される該塗料組成物。
また、本発明は、請求項1〜9のいずれかに定義されるような酵素を基剤とする自己研磨型塗料組成物を調製するための方法を提供する。該方法は、(i)多糖と、(ii)キャリア材料に固定されて該多糖の加水分解を促進できる酵素を、バインダー系並びに、染料、添加剤、溶媒、顔料、充填剤、繊維および防汚剤、および塗料組成物のバインダー相または顔料相に含まれる他の適当な成分から選択される1種以上の成分と混合させた状態にする工程を含む。
さらに、本発明は、塗料組成物において、多糖と、該多糖の加水分解を促進できキャリア材に固定される酵素の使用に関し、該使用により該塗料組成物へ自己研磨性がもたらされる。特に、酵素は該多糖に固定される。
多糖の水溶性含量は、重量測定法で測定した。多糖を脱イオン水中で混合させ、効果的に攪拌させた。次いで、スラリーを15000rpmの速度条件下10分で遠心分離し、上澄みの乾物含量を重量測定法で測定した。
研磨および浸出特性は、キール等により開示された回転機構と同様の回転機構を用いて測定する(kiil,S,Weinell, CE Yebra, DM,Dam-Johansen,K,「海洋生物付着からの保護、防汚ペイントの放出制御の設計;ケーススタディーを用いる全体像の把握」23IDBN-13:978-0-444-52217-7.第II巻(7)、エルセビア社(2006年)参照)。該機構は回転運動可能な内部シリンダー(回転子、直径0.3m、高さ0.17m)を具有する、2つの同心シリンダーを有する回転リングから構成される。シリンダー対は、約400〜500リットルの人工海水(表1参照)を含有するタンク内に浸漬される。
1側面をサンドブラストして塗料の密着を促進した、アクリル製の試験パネル(15×20cm2)を、まず、エアスプレー法によって施される、80μm(DFT)の、市販のタール含有ビニルポリマー(Hempanyl 16280 ex;ヘンペルマリンペイントA/S社製)で被覆する。室温条件下、実験室において、最低24時間乾燥させた後、試験塗料を、塗膜幅が80mmであり4つの間隙を備えるドクターブレード型の塗布器で塗布する。1つのコートは90〜100μmのDFTで塗布した。少なくとも72時間乾燥させた後、試験パネルをラックに固定し、海水中に浸漬させる。
コーンスターチ(カーギル社製のC*gel 03401)、およびグルコアミラーゼ(Danisco A/S社製)を水性スラリーから噴霧乾燥させる。75gのデンプンと、56ユニット/g濃度のグルコアミラーゼのスラリーを、500ml体積の水から噴霧乾燥させる。空気吸入口の温度を135℃に保持し、空気および粉末吹き出し口の温度は80℃である。噴霧ノズルにて、0℃の水を用い水冷する。装置は、Mini Spray Dryer B-191(ビュッヒ・ラボラトリー・エクイプメント社製)である。
トウモロコシ由来のデンプン(カーギル社製のC*gel 03401)、およびグルコアミラーゼ(Danisco A/S社製)を水中で混合させ、(他に特に規定がなければ)7.5kgのデンプンと、15kgの水と、3325mU/gデンプンの濃度のグルコアミラーゼを含有するスラリーを調製し、噴霧乾燥させた。活性は、デンプンスラリーへ添加する前に調製した純粋な酵素を基に測定した。アトマイザーの回転数15000rpm、および40〜50kgスラリー/時の供給量で、Niro NP 6.3 スプレーユニットを用いて噴霧乾燥させた。乾燥空気の吸入口および排出口の温度を、それぞれ190〜200℃および95〜110℃にした。気流速度は480〜520m3/時とした。
噴霧乾燥させたデンプン−グルコアミラーゼ粉末の活性を測定した結果、10〜15SGU/gであった。1SGU(デンプン-グルコアミラーゼユニット)は、2w/w%のデンプン-グルコアミラーゼ分散液において、pH4.5、25℃の条件下で1時間当り1mgのグルコースを放出するデンプン-グルコアミラーゼ粉末の量に相当し、培養初期の1〜3時間を通じる平均グルコース放出量で算出される。増加したグルコースを、遠心分離により上澄み液から分離し、定量化用のグルコース標準曲線を用いる標準グルコースアッセイで分析した。
上述の実験を用いて、表10に示すデンプンの水溶性不純物量に関する試験を行った。結果を表11に示す。
シリル化アクリルバインダー系に基づく試験ペイント(表3および4参照)を、研磨速度試験に用いた。表12は、コーティングに関する研磨速度および溶脱層深さの結果を示す。140日後の溶脱層厚について、定常状態の溶脱層厚を測定することにより導く。
シリル化アクリルバインダー系に基づく試験ペイント(表3および4参照)を、シンガポールにおいて、防汚性能試験に付した。8週間の浸漬後、パネルを検査した。検査による格付けを表13に示す。
NADバインダー系に基づく試験ペイント(表5および6参照)を、研磨速度試験に付した。結果を表14に示す。140日後の溶脱層厚について、定常状態の溶脱層厚を測定することにより導く。
NADバインダー系に基づく試験ペイント(表5および6参照)を、防汚性能試験に付した。8週間の浸漬後、パネルを検査した。検査による格付けを表15に示す。
比較例ペイント7およびモデルペイント8(表7参照)を研磨速度試験に付した。得られた結果を表16に示す。
NADバインダー系に基づく試験ペイント(表8および9参照)を、研磨速度試験に付した。結果を表17に示す。25℃の条件下、35日後の溶脱層厚について、定常状態の溶脱層厚を測定することにより導く。残存する酵素活性を21日後に測定した。
Claims (13)
- バインダー系の形態を有するバインダー相と顔料相を含有する、酵素を基剤とする自己
研磨型塗料組成物であって、
該顔料相が、(i)多糖および(ii)該多糖に固定されて該多糖の加水分解を促進する酵素を
含有する該塗料組成物。 - 多糖がデンプンである請求項1に記載の塗料組成物。
- 酵素が、アミラーゼから選択される請求項1または2に記載の塗料組成物。
- 酵素が、α−アミラーゼ、β−アミラーゼ、およびグルコアミラーゼから選択される請求項3に記載の塗料組成物。
- 多糖が、塗料組成物の固形分体積の1〜30%を構成する請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の塗料組成物。
- 多糖が、顔料相の固形分体積の1〜40%を構成する請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の塗料組成物。
- 酵素と多糖の量比が、多糖1gあたり酵素0.05〜200000ミリユニットである請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の塗料組成物。
- バインダー相が、塗料組成物の固形分体積の30〜80%を構成し、顔料相が該塗料組成物の固形分体積の20〜70%を構成する請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の塗料組成物。
- 塗料組成物が、固形分体積で0.05〜20%の1種または複数種の防汚剤を含有する請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の塗料組成物。
- 請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の塗料組成物の1層または複数層で被覆された海洋構造物。
- 請求項1から9のいずれかに記載された酵素を基剤とする自己研磨型塗料組成物の調製方法であって、
(i)多糖および(ii)該多糖に固定されて該多糖の加水分解を促進する酵素を、バインダー系並びに染料、添加剤、溶媒、顔料、充填剤、繊維および防汚剤から成る群から選択される1種以上の成分と混合させる工程を含む該方法。 - 塗料組成物における、多糖に固定されて該多糖の加水分解を促進する酵素と該多糖の使用であって、該塗料組成物へ自己研磨性を付与する該使用。
- 塗料組成物の自己研磨効果をもたらすための方法であって、多糖と、該多糖に固定されて該多糖の加水分解を促進する酵素とを、該塗料組成物内に配合する工程を含む該方法。
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US9512042B2 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2016-12-06 | Magneco/Metrel, Inc. | Method of coating concrete and masonry surfaces |
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- 2010-02-05 US US13/148,042 patent/US9309414B2/en active Active
- 2010-02-05 SG SG2011055936A patent/SG173522A1/en unknown
- 2010-02-05 KR KR1020117020829A patent/KR101761849B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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WO2010089378A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
CN102307956A (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
SG173522A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
EP2393886A1 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
NZ594955A (en) | 2012-06-29 |
KR101761849B1 (ko) | 2017-07-26 |
US20120031300A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
KR20110127190A (ko) | 2011-11-24 |
AU2010210140B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
AU2010210140A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
CN102307956B (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
EP2393886B1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
US9309414B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
JP2012516923A (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
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