JP5773240B2 - 燃料を低酸素ガスおよび/または高水素ガスに転化するためのガス発生器および方法 - Google Patents
燃料を低酸素ガスおよび/または高水素ガスに転化するためのガス発生器および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
− 第1の触媒燃焼器または触媒部分酸化域、
続いて
− 燃焼または触媒部分酸化を実施するための第2の触媒燃焼器、
− 第1および/または第2の触媒燃焼器または触媒部分酸化域からの燃焼排ガスを冷却するための冷却装置、
− 第2の触媒燃焼器の燃焼排ガスから酸素を吸収するための酸素吸収器、それに続く、
− 第2の触媒燃焼器からの燃焼排ガス中の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素またはメタンに転化するためのシフト転化器またはメタン化器、
を含む、燃料を低酸素ガス(oxygen−depleted gas)および/または高水素ガス(hydrogen−enriched gas)に転化するためのガス発生器を提供する。
− 酸素を含む燃焼排ガスを生成するために、第1の触媒燃焼器中で酸素含有ガスによって燃料を触媒的に燃焼するステップ、
引き続く、
− 水素および一酸化炭素を含むガスまたは微量の酸素を含むガスを生成するために、第2の触媒燃焼器中で、過剰燃料によって前記酸素を含む燃焼排ガスを燃焼または部分的に酸化するステップ、
引き続く、次の、
− 前記微量の酸素を含むガスからの微量の酸素を低減し、そして低酸素ガスを得るステップ、
および、
− 高水素ガスを得るために、前記水素および一酸化炭素を含むガス中に存在する一酸化炭素の量を、二酸化炭素またはメタンへの触媒転化によって低減するステップ、
のいずれか一方を含む、燃料を低酸素ガスおよび/または高水素ガスに転化する方法を提供する。
− 一酸化炭素および水素を含む燃焼排ガスを生成するために、第1の触媒燃焼器中で酸素含有ガスによって燃料を触媒的に部分酸化するステップ、
引き続く、
− 微量の酸素、二酸化炭素、蒸気および不活性物質(窒素および希ガス類を含む)からなるガス、または水素および一酸化炭素を含むガスを生成するために、一酸化炭素および水素を含む燃焼排ガスを第2の触媒燃焼器中で燃焼するステップであって、前記第2の触媒燃焼器中での燃焼排ガスの燃焼後に存在する一酸化炭素の量が、前記第2の触媒燃焼器中での燃焼排ガスの燃焼前に存在するその量と比較して低減されている、該ステップ、
引き続く、次の
− 前記微量の酸素、二酸化炭素、蒸気および不活性物質からなるガス中の酸素の量を低減し、そして低酸素ガスを得るステップ、
および、
− 前記水素および一酸化炭素を含むガス中に存在する一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素またはメタンに転化し、そして高水素ガスを得るステップ、
のいずれか一方を含む、燃料を低酸素ガスおよび/または高水素ガスに転化する方法を提供する。
本発明によるガス発生器の操作の第1のモードを図1に示す。
CnH2n+2+[(3n+1)/2]O2 → nCO2+(n+1)H2O
(式中、nは、少なくとも1の整数である。)
保護ガス生成のため、第3のステップにおいて、過剰空気がゼロを僅かに超える程度まで低下するような割合で追加の燃料を添加する。過剰空気の量は、10%まで、好ましくは5%まで、より好ましくは2%まで、最も好ましくは1%までであってよい。
CnH2n+2+[(3n+1)/2]O2 → nCO2+(n+1)H2O
(式中、nは、少なくとも1の整数である。)
還元ガス生成のために、第3のステップで、O/C比が完全燃焼に必要な化学量論値より低いような割合で追加の燃料を添加する。上記または以下の実施形態のいずれかと組み合わせた好ましい実施形態において、λは、0.1〜1.0未満、より好ましくは0.3〜0.9の範囲であり、最も好ましくは約0.6である。
CnH2n+2+(n/2)O2 → nCO+(n+1)H2
(式中、nは、少なくとも1の整数である。)
CO+H2O ←→ CO2+H2
CO+3H2 ←→ CH4+H2O
本発明によるガス発生器の操作の第2のモードを図2に示す。
保護ガス生成のために、第3のステップにおいて、水素および一酸化炭素を含有する第1の触媒燃焼器の燃焼排ガスの燃焼が実質的に完了するような割合で追加の空気が添加される。上記または以下の実施形態のいずれかと組み合わせた好ましい実施形態において、λは、1〜1.5の範囲であり、より好ましくは約1.1である(水素および一酸化炭素に関したλ)。
還元ガス生成のために、第3のステップで水素および一酸化炭素を含有する第1の触媒燃焼器の燃焼排ガスの部分的な燃焼を実施するために、追加の空気を準化学量論量で添加する。上記または以下の実施形態のいずれかと組み合わせた好ましい実施形態において、λは、0.1〜0.7、より好ましくは0.2〜0.5の範囲であり、最も好ましくは約0.3である。
保護ガス生成のために、過剰空気がゼロを僅かに超える程度まで低下するような割合で追加の燃料(15)を添加する。
還元ガスの生成のために、O/C比が完全燃焼に必要な化学量論値より低いような割合で追加の燃料(15)を添加する。これは、一酸化炭素転化器(23)が高温(300℃超)である場合にだけ実施されなければならない。
図4を参照して、保護/還元ガス発生器が一体化されている天然ガス(NG)ベースのSOFCシステムの典型的なシステム構成の例が与えられる。
保護/還元ガス発生器(4)および触媒燃焼器(7)を始動させる。始動のために、保護/還元ガス発生器(4)は保護ガスを発生させる。アノードガスをリサイクルして蒸気を閉ループ((5)、(3)、(8)、(9)、(1)、(2)、(4)、(5);図4参照)中で蓄積する一方で、カソード空気を加温して、SOFCスタック(5)を約300℃まで加熱するのに用いる。その一方で、予備改質器(2)を天然ガスおよび保護ガスの混合物によって保護しながら、徐々に加温する。
保護/還元ガス発生器(4)中に、空気および過剰燃料を導入することによって該発生器を始動させて合成ガスを生成する。SOFCスタック(5)を約400℃に冷却し、そして触媒燃焼器(7)を停止させる。保護/還元ガス発生器(4)への余分の燃料をカットして保護ガスを発生させる。SOFCスタック(5)および予備改質器(2)をさらに冷却して150℃未満にし、次いで保護/還元ガス発生器(4)への燃料および空気の供給を遮断する。
2 ガスノズル、予備改質器
3 空気分配器、アノードガス加熱器
4 酸素含有ガス、保護/還元ガス発生器
5 点火デバイス、SOFCスタック
6 燃料燃焼室、カソード空気加熱器
7 炎遮断体、触媒燃焼器
8 第1の触媒燃焼器、リサイクルアノードガス冷却器
9 冷却デバイス、アノードガスリサイクルブロワ
10 フィン付きチャネル
11 冷却空気
12 ポート
13 混合区域
14 第2の触媒燃焼器、第2の触媒燃焼器
15 追加の燃料、触媒燃焼器、第2の触媒燃焼器
16 燃料噴射チャネル
17 ガスノズル
18 フィン付きチャネル
19 冷却デバイス
20 冷却空気
22 酸素吸収器
23 一酸化炭素転化器、シフト転化器
24 出口、シフト転化器、一酸化炭素転化器
Claims (15)
- 反応器シェル内で一体化され、そして直列に配置されている以下のユニット:
− 第1の触媒燃焼器または触媒部分酸化域、
続いて
− 燃焼または触媒部分酸化を実施するための第2の触媒燃焼器、
− 第1および/または第2の触媒燃焼器または触媒部分酸化域からの燃焼排ガスを冷却するための冷却装置、
− 第2の触媒燃焼器の燃焼排ガスから酸素を吸収するための酸素吸収器、それに続く、
− 第2の触媒燃焼器からの燃焼排ガス中の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素またはメタンに転化するためのシフト転化器またはメタン化器、
を含む、燃料を低酸素ガス(oxygen−depleted gas)および/または高水素ガス(hydrogen−enriched gas)に転化するためのガス発生器。 - 前記第1の触媒燃焼器または前記触媒部分酸化域の上流に熱燃焼器が置かれている、請求項1に記載のガス発生器。
- 前記熱燃焼器が燃料点火デバイスを含む、請求項2に記載のガス発生器。
- 前記第1および第2の触媒燃焼器が貴金属触媒を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載のガス発生器。
- 前記貴金属触媒が、白金、パラジウム、ルテニウム、ロジウム、オスミウム、金および銀の少なくとも1種を含む、請求項4に記載のガス発生器。
- 前記貴金属触媒が、固定床触媒、ネット、メッシュ、触媒化ハードウェアまたは構造化触媒の形態である、請求項4または5に記載のガス発生器。
- 低酸素ガスおよび/または高水素ガスを必要とするプロセスにおける、請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載のガス発生器の使用。
- 固体酸化物燃料電池または固体酸化物電解セルを始動、停止または緊急停止させるための低酸素ガスまたは高水素ガスを発生させるための、請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載のガス発生器の使用。
- − 酸素を含む燃焼排ガスを生成するために、第1の触媒燃焼器中で酸素含有ガスによって燃料を触媒的に燃焼するステップ、
引き続く、
− 水素および一酸化炭素を含むガスまたは微量の酸素を含むガスを生成するために、第2の触媒燃焼器中で、過剰燃料によって前記酸素を含む燃焼排ガスを燃焼または部分的に酸化するステップ、
引き続く、次の、
− 低酸素ガスを得るために、前記微量の酸素を含むガスからの微量の酸素を低減するステップ、
および、
− 高水素ガスを得るために、前記水素および一酸化炭素を含むガス中に存在する一酸化炭素の量を、二酸化炭素またはメタンへの触媒転化によって低減するステップ、
のいずれか一方を含む、燃料を低酸素ガスおよび/または高水素ガスに転化する方法。 - 前記第1および前記第2の触媒燃焼器が、燃料を炎色反応下で酸素含有ガスでもって熱的点火することによって運転温度まで加熱される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記酸素を含む燃焼排ガスおよび/または水素および一酸化炭素を含むガスまたは微量の酸素を含むガスが、次のステップの前に冷却される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の触媒燃焼器中での燃焼が、超化学量論量の空気でもって実施される、請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- − 一酸化炭素および水素−を含む燃焼排ガスを生成するために、第1の触媒燃焼器中で酸素含有ガスによって燃料を触媒的に燃焼するステップ、
引き続く、
− 微量の酸素、二酸化炭素、蒸気および不活性物質からなるガス、または水素および一酸化炭素を含むガスを生成するために、一酸化炭素および水素を含む燃焼排ガスを第2の触媒燃焼器中で燃焼するステップであって、前記第2の触媒燃焼器中での燃焼排ガスの燃焼後に存在する一酸化炭素の量が、前記第2の触媒燃焼器中での燃焼排ガスの燃焼前に存在するその量と比較して低減されている、該ステップ、
引き続く、次の
− 前記微量の酸素、二酸化炭素、蒸気および不活性物質からなるガス中の酸素の量を低減させ、そして低酸素ガスを得るステップ、
および、
− 前記水素および一酸化炭素を含むガス中に存在する一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素またはメタンに転化して、高水素ガスを得るステップ、
のいずれか一方を含む、燃料を低酸素ガスおよび/または高水素ガスに転化する方法。 - 前記第1および第2の触媒燃焼器が、炎色反応下で酸素含有ガスでもって燃料を熱的点火することによって運転温度まで加熱する、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の触媒燃焼器における燃焼が完了しているか、または準化学量論量の空気によって実施される、請求項13に記載の方法。
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-
2009
- 2009-12-17 EP EP09015643A patent/EP2336083A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-12-01 US US12/958,147 patent/US8986405B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-15 AU AU2010253491A patent/AU2010253491B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-12-16 KR KR1020100129025A patent/KR20110069727A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-12-16 CA CA2725699A patent/CA2725699A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-16 JP JP2010279987A patent/JP5773240B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-16 RU RU2010151606/07A patent/RU2539561C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-12-17 CN CN201010593993XA patent/CN102104166A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2010253491A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
KR20110069727A (ko) | 2011-06-23 |
CA2725699A1 (en) | 2011-06-17 |
RU2539561C2 (ru) | 2015-01-20 |
US8986405B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
JP2011181490A (ja) | 2011-09-15 |
US20110146154A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
RU2010151606A (ru) | 2012-06-27 |
EP2336083A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
CN102104166A (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
AU2010253491B2 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
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