JP5766397B2 - アンモニア製造方法及び装置 - Google Patents
アンモニア製造方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5766397B2 JP5766397B2 JP2009214356A JP2009214356A JP5766397B2 JP 5766397 B2 JP5766397 B2 JP 5766397B2 JP 2009214356 A JP2009214356 A JP 2009214356A JP 2009214356 A JP2009214356 A JP 2009214356A JP 5766397 B2 JP5766397 B2 JP 5766397B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- nitrogen
- coal
- hydrogen
- carbon dioxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 114
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 182
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 91
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/025—Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
- C10K1/004—Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
- C10K1/005—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
- C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/52—Hydrogen sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0415—Purification by absorption in liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0455—Purification by non-catalytic desulfurisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0475—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0485—Composition of the impurity the impurity being a sulfur compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/068—Ammonia synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
- C10J2300/1668—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to urea; to ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Description
また、空気を用いて石炭をガス化するようになっているので、従来のように窒素をガス内に投入することなく、空気内に含まれる窒素をその後のアンモニア生成のために有効に使用することができる。
さらに、従来では酸素を用いて石炭のガス化を行っていたので、酸素を供給するための酸素プラントが必要であったが、本発明では、空気を用いて石炭のガス化をおこなうため、酸素プラントを設ける必要がなくなり、装置全体のコストを削減することができる。
また、空気吹きにより石炭をガス化するようになっているので、従来のように窒素をガス内に投入することなく、空気内に含まれる窒素をその後のアンモニア生成のために有効に使用することができる。
以下、本発明の第1実施形態に係るアンモニア製造装置を、図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係るアンモニア製造装置の概略を示すブロック図である。
CO+H2O←→CO2+H2 ・・・(1)
なお、図2の右側には、シフト反応装置4によって処理された後のガスの組成が示されている。図2に示すように、シフト反応装置4における処理の後のガスは一酸化炭素の濃度(Vol%)が0に近くなっている。
図3及び図4に示すように、水素と窒素とを比べると、水素の透過係数の方が高くなっている。したがって、ポリイミド膜や酢酸セルロース膜を使用した場合、窒素と水素の透過速度の差により窒素と水素を分離することができる。本実施形態において、窒素除去装置6は、図3及び4に示されるような窒素と水素の透過速度の差を利用することにより、ガスの中の窒素と水素のモル比を約1:3に調節するように構成されている。
N2+3H2→2NH3 ・・・(2)
次に、湿式ガス精製部3aでは、MDEAを吸収液とする脱硫方法を用いて石炭ガス化ガスの硫化水素を除去する。そして、このガスは、湿式ガス精製部3aから乾式脱硫部3bへと送られる。
シフト反応装置4では、COシフト反応により一酸化炭素と水とが反応して、二酸化炭素と水素とが生成される。次に、COシフト反応の処理が行われたガスは、二酸化炭素除去装置5へと送られる。
二酸化炭素除去装置5では、アミン系の吸収液を利用し、この吸収液にガスの中の二酸化炭素を吸収させて除去する。二酸化炭素が除去されたガスは、次に、二酸化炭素除去装置5から窒素除去装置6へと送られる。
アンモニア生成装置7では、ハーバー・ボッシュ法を用いてガスの中の窒素と酸素を反応させることによりアンモニアを生成する。
以上の工程によって、石炭からアンモニアが生成されることになる。
したがって、本実施形態に係るアンモニア製造装置1よれば、ガス化炉2内において石炭をガス化する際に空気を用いているので、石炭を燃焼する際の酸素濃度が低くなり、酸素を用いて石炭のガス化を行う場合に比べてガス化炉2内のガス化反応の温度が低くなる。これにより、ガス化炉2内の耐火レンガの寿命をより延ばすことができる。また、ガス化炉2内の温度が従来に比べて低くなるので、石炭を処理する過程で生成された灰等が融解してガス化炉2の壁などに付着することもなくなり、ガス化炉2の運転が妨げられることもない。
さらに、従来では、酸素を用いて石炭のガス化を行っていたので、酸素を供給するための酸素プラントが必要であったが、本発明では、空気を用いて石炭のガス化をおこなうため、酸素プラントを設ける必要がなくなり、アンモニア製造装置1の全体のコストを削減することができる。
以下、本発明に関して参考の形態に係るアンモニア製造装置を、図面を参照しながら説明する。図5は、活性炭における水素と窒素の吸着平衡を示したグラフである。
2 ガス化炉
2a 燃焼室
2b ガス化室
3 脱硫装置
3a 湿式ガス生成部
3b 乾式脱硫部
4 シフト反応装置
5 二酸化炭素除去装置
6 窒素除去装置
7 アンモニア生成装置
Claims (2)
- 石炭と空気とを投入して部分酸化させることにより石炭をガス化するように構成されたガス化炉と、
該ガス化炉で生成されたガスを脱硫するように構成された脱硫装置と、
該脱硫装置から排出されたガスの中の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に変換するように構成されたシフト反応装置と、
該シフト反応装置から排出されたガスの中の二酸化炭素を、アミン系吸収液による吸収によって除去するように構成された二酸化炭素除去装置と、
該二酸化炭素除去装置から排出されたガスの中の窒素を、ポリイミド膜または酢酸セルロース膜のガス分離膜を用いて除去することにより前記ガスの中の窒素と水素のモル比を1:3に調整するように構成された窒素除去装置と、
該窒素除去装置から排出されたガスの中の窒素と水素を反応させることによりアンモニアを生成するアンモニア生成装置と
を備えているアンモニア製造装置。 - 石炭と空気とを投入して部分酸化させることにより石炭をガス化するステップと、
該ガス化するステップにより生成されたガスを脱硫するステップと、
前記ガスの中の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に変換するステップと、
前記ガスの中の二酸化炭素を、アミン系吸収液による吸収によって除去するステップと、
前記ガスの中の窒素を、ポリイミド膜または酢酸セルロース膜のガス分離膜を用いて除去することにより前記ガスの中の窒素と水素のモル比を1:3に調整するステップと、
前記ガスの中の窒素と水素を反応させることによりアンモニアを生成するステップと
を含むアンモニア製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009214356A JP5766397B2 (ja) | 2009-09-16 | 2009-09-16 | アンモニア製造方法及び装置 |
CA2696619A CA2696619C (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2010-03-16 | Ammonia generating method and apparatus therefor |
US12/726,735 US20110064641A1 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2010-03-18 | Ammonia generating method and apparatus therefor |
RU2010117147/05A RU2460690C2 (ru) | 2009-09-16 | 2010-04-29 | Способ получения аммиака и предназначенное для этого устройство |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009214356A JP5766397B2 (ja) | 2009-09-16 | 2009-09-16 | アンモニア製造方法及び装置 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2011063470A JP2011063470A (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
JP2011063470A5 JP2011063470A5 (ja) | 2012-09-06 |
JP5766397B2 true JP5766397B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
Family
ID=43730770
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009214356A Expired - Fee Related JP5766397B2 (ja) | 2009-09-16 | 2009-09-16 | アンモニア製造方法及び装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110064641A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5766397B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2696619C (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2460690C2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103011197B (zh) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-11-26 | 安徽蓝德集团股份有限公司 | 一种用于合成氨生产装置中的氢氮比控制方法 |
CN107596856B (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2021-01-01 | 龚䶮 | 一种利用氮气的二硫化碳解吸方法、回收方法和回收装置 |
DE102016219850A1 (de) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-12 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Stickstoff aus einem Prozessgasgemisch |
AU2018341260B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2024-01-04 | Research Triangle Institute | Methods and apparatus for production of hydrogen |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2795559A (en) * | 1954-04-01 | 1957-06-11 | Texas Co | Production of hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures |
US4253986A (en) * | 1979-08-24 | 1981-03-03 | Monsanto Company | Ammonia synthesis gas production |
FR2473032A1 (fr) * | 1980-01-07 | 1981-07-10 | Banquy David | Procede de production d'ammoniac et du gaz de synthese correspondant |
US4479925A (en) * | 1982-09-13 | 1984-10-30 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Preparation of ammonia synthesis gas |
JPH0635816B2 (ja) * | 1987-07-15 | 1994-05-11 | 株式会社新燃焼システム研究所 | エンジン排気中の窒素酸化物処理システム |
CN1024458C (zh) * | 1991-06-01 | 1994-05-11 | 王师祥 | 空气连续汽化深冷脱氮制合成氨的方法 |
JP4893944B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-30 | 2012-03-07 | クラレケミカル株式会社 | 窒素ガスの分離方法及び分子ふるい炭素 |
-
2009
- 2009-09-16 JP JP2009214356A patent/JP5766397B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-03-16 CA CA2696619A patent/CA2696619C/en active Active
- 2010-03-18 US US12/726,735 patent/US20110064641A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-29 RU RU2010117147/05A patent/RU2460690C2/ru active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2696619A1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
CA2696619C (en) | 2014-02-11 |
RU2010117147A (ru) | 2011-11-27 |
JP2011063470A (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
RU2460690C2 (ru) | 2012-09-10 |
US20110064641A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2012522090A (ja) | 精製合成ガスを製造する方法 | |
WO2010020655A1 (en) | Improved process for production of elemental iron | |
KR20070086408A (ko) | 합성가스로부터 수소와 에너지를 생산하기 위한 방법 | |
KR20120013357A (ko) | 정제된 합성 가스 스트림의 제조 공정 | |
KR20120008523A (ko) | 오프가스 스트림의 처리 방법 및 장치 | |
JP5766397B2 (ja) | アンモニア製造方法及び装置 | |
KR20110095294A (ko) | 배출 가스 스트림 처리 방법 및 장치 | |
CN102124082A (zh) | 整体气化联合循环全套设备的最小含硫气体排放 | |
JP2012523309A (ja) | 酸性ガス流を処理する方法およびそのための装置 | |
AU638543B2 (en) | Process for purifying high-temperature reducing gases and integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation plant | |
JP2012106894A (ja) | 水素を主成分とするガスの製造方法及び製造装置 | |
JP5270903B2 (ja) | 高炉ガスの熱量増加方法 | |
JPH10235128A (ja) | 乾式脱硫装置およびそれを用いた発電プラント | |
AU2010201203B2 (en) | Ammonia generating method and apparatus therefor | |
CA2830498C (en) | Process and system for removing sulfur from sulfur-containing gaseous streams | |
JP4658350B2 (ja) | 硫黄化合物の低減方法及びその装置 | |
JP3700073B2 (ja) | 硫化水素含有ガスの燃焼方法及び装置 | |
JPH10273681A (ja) | 乾式脱硫装置 | |
JP2011026479A (ja) | 燃料ガス精製設備及び燃料ガス精製設備の運転方法 | |
JP2000015052A (ja) | 石灰石膏脱硫方法 | |
JPH11314021A (ja) | 硫化水素の燃焼方法 | |
JP5688748B2 (ja) | 乾式ガス精製設備及び石炭ガス化複合発電設備 | |
CA1175640A (en) | Low sulfur content hot reducing gas production using calcium oxide desulfurization | |
WO2013036273A2 (en) | Integrated underground coal gasification and acid gas removal configurations | |
JPH01199622A (ja) | 石炭ガスの乾式脱硫方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20120619 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120723 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20140228 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20140430 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20141003 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20141202 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20150522 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20150617 |
|
R151 | Written notification of patent or utility model registration |
Ref document number: 5766397 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151 |
|
S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111 |
|
R360 | Written notification for declining of transfer of rights |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360 |
|
R370 | Written measure of declining of transfer procedure |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R370 |
|
S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |