JP5748029B2 - 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5748029B2 JP5748029B2 JP2014537945A JP2014537945A JP5748029B2 JP 5748029 B2 JP5748029 B2 JP 5748029B2 JP 2014537945 A JP2014537945 A JP 2014537945A JP 2014537945 A JP2014537945 A JP 2014537945A JP 5748029 B2 JP5748029 B2 JP 5748029B2
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- 229910001224 Grain-oriented electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
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- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14775—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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Description
C:0.001〜0.10mass%
Cは、ゴス方位粒の発生に有用な成分であり、かかる作用を有効に発現させるためには0.001mass%以上の含有を必要とする。しかし、Cを0.10mass%超え添加すると、脱炭焼鈍しても脱炭不足を起こすようになる。よって、Cは0.001〜0.10mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.01〜0.08mass%の範囲である。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高めて、鉄損を低減するとともに、鉄のBCC組織(フェライト組織)を安定化させて高温熱処理を可能とするのに必要な成分であり、少なくとも1.0mass%以上の添加を必要とする。しかし、5.0mass%を超えて添加すると、鋼が硬質化し、冷間圧延することが困難となる。よって、Siは1.0〜5.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは2.5〜4.0mass%の範囲である。
Mnは、鋼の熱間加工性を改善するのに有効な成分であると共に、SやSeと結合してMnSやMnSe等の析出物を形成し、抑制剤(インヒビター)として作用する有用な成分である。しかし、Mnの含有量が0.01mass%より少ないと、上記効果が得られず、一方、1.0mass%を超えて添加すると、MnSe等の析出物が粗大化し、インヒビターとしての機能が失われてしまう。よって、Mnは0.01〜1.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.04〜0.20mass%の範囲である。
Alは、鋼中でAlNを形成し、分散第二相としてインヒビターの作用をする有用成分である。しかし、sol.Alとしての添加量が0.003mass%に満たないと、AlN析出量が十分に確保できないため上記効果が得られず、一方、0.050mass%を超えて添加すると、AlNが粗大化してインヒビターとしての作用が失われてしまう。よって、Alは、sol.Alで0.003〜0.050mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.005〜0.040mass%の範囲である。
Nは、Alと同様に、AlNを形成するために必要な成分である。しかし、N添加量が0.0010mass%を下回ると、十分なAlNが形成されないため、上記効果が得られず、一方、0.020mass%を超えて添加すると、スラブ加熱時にふくれ等を生じて表面欠陥を引き起こすようになる。よって、Nは0.001〜0.020mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.0030〜0.015mass%の範囲である。
SおよびSeは、MnやCuと結合してMnSe,MnS,Cu2−xSe、Cu2−xSを形成して鋼中に分散第二相として析出し、インヒビター作用を発揮する有用成分である。しかし、SおよびSeの合計含有量が0.01mass%に満たないと、添加効果に乏しく、一方、0.05mass%を超えて添加すると、スラブ加熱時の固溶が不完全となる他、表面欠陥を引き起こす原因ともなる。よって、単独添加、複合添加のいずれの場合でも合計の添加量は0.01〜0.05mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.012〜0.030mass%の範囲である。
これらの元素は、いずれも結晶粒界や表面に偏析しやすい元素であり、補助的なインヒビターとして作用し、磁気特性のさらなる向上を図るのに有効な成分である。これらの元素の添加量が、上記下限値未満では、二次再結晶過程の高温域での一次粒の粗大化を抑制する効果が不足するため、十分な添加効果が得られず、一方、上記上限値を超える添加は、被膜外観の不良や二次再結晶不良を生じ易くする。よって、上記成分を添加する場合には、上記範囲とするのが好ましい。
本発明の方向性電磁鋼板は、上記に説明した成分組成を有する鋼を従来公知の精錬プロセスで溶製し、連続鋳造法または造塊−分塊圧延法等を用いて鋼素材(鋼スラブ)とし、その後、上記鋼スラブを熱間圧延して熱延板とし、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍を施した後、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して最終板厚の冷延板とし、一次再結晶焼鈍し、その後、MgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布して最終仕上焼鈍を施した後、必要に応じて、絶縁被膜の塗布・焼付けを兼ねた平坦化焼鈍を経る一連の工程からなる製造方法で製造することができるが、上記一次再結晶焼鈍工程以外の製造条件については、従来公知の条件を採用することができ、特に制限はない。
以下、最終冷間圧延後の一次再結晶焼鈍の条件について説明する。
ゴス方位{110}<001>の二次再結晶核は、圧延組織において歪エネルギーが蓄積され易い{111}繊維組織中に生じる変形帯の中に存在することが知られている。なお、上記変形帯とは、{111}繊維組織の中でも特に歪エネルギーが蓄積された領域のことを意味する。
ここで、一次再結晶焼鈍の低温域(500〜600℃)での昇温速度S1が100℃/s未満の場合には、歪エネルギーが極めて高い変形帯では、優先的に回復(歪エネルギーの緩和)が生じるため、ゴス方位{110}<001>の再結晶を促進させることができない。これに対して、S1を100℃/s以上とした場合には、変形組織を、歪エネルギーが高い状態のまま高温域までもっていくことができるので、比較的低温(600℃近傍)でゴス方位{110}<001>の再結晶を促進することができる。よって、低温域(500〜600℃)での昇温速度S1は100℃/s以上とする。好ましくは150℃/s以上である。
また、{111}方位は、変形帯ほどではないものの、周囲に比べて歪エネルギーの高い{111}繊維組織から再結晶して生じるため、600℃までの昇温速度S1を100℃/s以上として加熱する本発明のヒートサイクルでは、ゴス方位{110}<001>に次いで再結晶を起こし易い結晶方位である。
そのため、一次再結晶が生じる高温(700℃以上)まで、昇温速度S1の50%を超えるような高い昇温速度で加熱すると、ゴス方位{110}<001>や、その次に再結晶が進行し易い{111}方位の再結晶が抑制されたままになり、一次再結晶後の集合組織はランダム化する。その結果、600〜700℃を昇温速度S1の50%より低い速度で加熱する場合に比べて、ゴス方位{110}<001>再結晶粒の数が少なくなり、二次再結晶粒の細粒化効果が損なわれたり、{111}方位が少なくなり、二次再結晶粒が十分に成長しなかったりする。逆に、600〜700℃間の昇温速度S2を30℃/sより低くした場合には、上記温度範囲で再結晶し易い{111}方位が増加し、二次再結晶粒が粗大化するおそれがある。そこで、一次再結晶が起こる高温域(600〜700℃)の昇温速度S2は、30℃/s以上かつ低温域の昇温速度S1の50%以下とする。好ましくは35℃/s以上かつS1の40%以下の範囲である。
表1に上記測定の結果を併記した。これから、昇温速度が本発明に適合する一次再結晶焼鈍を施した発明例の鋼板は、いずれもW17/50≦0.80W/kgとなる部分の比率がコイル全長の70%以上となっていること、さらに、昇温過程の500〜700℃間の雰囲気の酸素ポテンシャルPH2O/PH2を0.05以下とした場合には、さらに低鉄損部分の比率を高めることができることがわかる。
Claims (4)
- C:0.001〜0.20mass%、Si:1.0〜5.0mass%、Mn:0.03〜1.0mass%、SおよびSeのうちから選ばれる1種または2種の合計:0.005〜0.040mass%、sol.Al:0.003〜0.050mass%、N:0.0010〜0.020mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成の鋼スラブを熱間圧延し、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して最終板厚とし、鋼スラブ中のC含有量が30massppm以下である場合には、一次再結晶焼鈍または脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍し、30massppm超えである場合には脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍し、その後、MgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布して最終仕上焼鈍を施す方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、上記一次再結晶焼鈍の昇温過程における500〜600℃間の昇温速度S1を100℃/s以上(ただし、300〜600℃間の昇温速度を100℃/s以上とする場合を除く)、600〜700℃間の昇温速度S2を30〜(0.5×S1)℃/sの範囲とすることを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記一次再結晶焼鈍昇温過程の500〜700℃間における雰囲気の酸化ポテンシャルPH2O/PH2を0.05以下とすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、Cu:0.01〜0.5mass%、Ni:0.01〜1.0mass%、Cr:0.01〜1.0mass%、Sb:0.01〜0.3mass%、Sn:0.01〜1.0mass%、Mo:0.01〜1.0mass%およびBi:0.001〜0.5mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、B:0.001〜0.01mass%、Ge:0.001〜0.1mass%、As:0.005〜0.1mass%、P:0.005〜0.1mass%、Te:0.005〜0.1mass%、Nb:0.005〜0.1mass%、Ti:0.005〜0.1mass%およびV:0.005〜0.1mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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CN107186216B (zh) * | 2017-06-02 | 2019-07-23 | 新冶高科技集团有限公司 | 一种低成本低温直接还原制备超细铁粉的方法 |
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