JP5747504B2 - 単相電力調整装置における二倍周波数リップル電力を最小にする方法 - Google Patents
単相電力調整装置における二倍周波数リップル電力を最小にする方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
- H02M1/143—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using compensating arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
- H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/02—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Description
ここで、Pは平均出力電力であり、fは基本グリッド周波数(fundamental grid frequency)であり、Vは平均コンデンサー電圧であり、及びΔVは許容されるピークツーピークリップル電圧(peak-to-peak ripple voltage)である。この方法は、受動フィルターの方法より著しい静電容量の低減を招く。例えば、200Vのコンデンサーバス電圧を有する1kWインバーターは、コンデンサーでリップルが15%許容されるならば、約440μFしか必要でない。これは受動フィルタリングよりほぼ20(20 reduction)の減少ではあるが、まだ大きな電解コンデンサーを必要とするほど充分に高い。
従って、二倍周波数リップルの期間の間に必要な貯蔵エネルギーは下記と同等である。
単相電気負荷206に送られる電流は、通常、位相のずれがあり、下記の形をとる。
それにより、AC負荷206への出力電力は下記のようになる。
そして対応するコンデンサー電流はコンデンサー電圧から引き出した時間に比例する。
コンデンサーの瞬時電力(instantaneous capacitor power)Pc(t)は下記の通りである。
ここで、P0は負荷に供給される平均電力である。
これは、もしAC電線と同じ周波数の制御された電圧がエネルギー貯蔵部208のコンデンサーに送られることができれば、上記のθの項の位相ずれは二倍周波数リップル電力を完全に相殺し、必要な結果をもたらすことができる。好都合に、最小量の静電容量、すなわち最小のコンデンサー、を使用して、二倍周波数リップルは相殺され、これによりフィルムコンデンサーなどのより信頼性の高い装置の使用が可能になる。例えば、100Wインバーターは、ピークコンデンサー電圧が100Vであり正しい位相が適用される場合、26.5μFのエネルギー貯蔵又は静電容量を必要とする。
を課すように制御できるが、それはエネルギー貯蔵部208の別のインバーターが電圧V1から動作して、下記を満たす前提である。
これらの式は平方根を含むが、根の下の項は既知のパラメータであり、電力レベルはエネルギー源202の容量により予め設定されている。根は高速時間変動関数(rapid time varying functions)を含まず、実施は容易である。
下記の式で決まる電圧は、全く同じ一連の結果をもたらすことを指摘することは重要である。
上記の電圧は、θ及びV1に同じ瞬時電力及び同じ必要条件を生成する。最小のインダクターとインダクターによるフィルター(inductor-based filter)の構成の必要条件とは、コンデンサーと同様であることを認識することも有用である。これを示すために、純粋な誘導性フィルターは適用電流でも駆動することができることを検討する。
そして、
の場合、瞬時リップル電力が伝えられる。電圧の場合と同様に、この電流はPWM処理又は他の適切な方法により制御できる。
・所望のリップル電力を伝えるように、エネルギー貯蔵部品に課されなくてはならない特定の波形の例。つまり、AC出力と同じ周波数の電圧(又は電流)波形が使用され、余分に45°の位相ずれがある。
・PWM又は他の周知の電力変換処理による低損失形式の時間変動波形の実施。PWMを使用して時間変動波形を課すことの通常の処理は周知であるが、使用する特定の波形は周知ではない。
・最小サイズのエネルギー貯蔵部品を使用し、電流又は電圧の適切な選択により、電解コンデンサーを回避できる。
・高い信頼性のあるエネルギー貯蔵部を使用して構成できる代替エネルギー用の高い信頼性のある電力調整装置。
Claims (20)
- 負荷とエネルギー源との間で交換される二倍周波数リップル電力を低減させる方法であって、前記エネルギー源は単相電力調整装置を介して出力電力を前記負荷に伝えるように構成され、前記方法は、
前記電力調整装置の出力の第1AC波形の(i)周波数および(ii)第1位相シフトを検出し、前記出力は前記負荷に電気的に接続され、
前記電力調整装置の平均AC出力電力を算出し、
前記電力調整装置に電気的に接続されたエネルギー貯蔵装置で第2AC波形を生成し、前記第2AC波形は、(i)前記第1AC波形の前記周波数と同じ周波数、(ii)前記平均AC出力電力に基づく振幅、および(iii)45°から前記第1AC波形の前記第1位相シフトに応じた量を減じたものに等しい位相シフトを有する、
方法。 - 前記エネルギー貯蔵装置はフィルムコンデンサー、又はインダクターである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギー貯蔵装置は、前記エネルギー貯蔵装置内へ及び外への電力の流れを制御するインターフェースを介して、前記電力調整装置に連結されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記インターフェースは電力変換器、又は電力インバーターである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギー源は光起電性配列、又は燃料電池である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2AC波形は、前記エネルギー貯蔵装置から前記電力調整装置へ流れる電力を調整する制御ユニットにより制御される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2AC波形の制御は、パルス幅変調(PWM)、デルタ変調、又はヒステリシス制御により実施される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギー貯蔵装置は前記電力調整装置と一体となっている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギー源から供給されている前記電力は、前記電力調整装置の前記出力へ伝えられる電力と前記エネルギー貯蔵装置へ伝えられる前記電力との和である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 負荷とエネルギー源との間で交換される二倍周波数リップル電力を低減させる装置であって、前記エネルギー源は単相電力調整装置を介して電気エネルギーを前記負荷に伝えるように構成され、前記装置は、
前記エネルギー源に連結され、入力電量を前記エネルギー源から受け取り、前記負荷に電気的に接続されてAC出力電力を前記負荷に伝える電力調整装置と、
前記電力調整装置に電気的に接続されたエネルギー貯蔵装置と、
前記電力調整装置の出力の第1AC波形の(i)周波数および(ii)第1位相シフトを検出する検知部と、
前記エネルギー貯蔵装置と前記電力調整装置の出力とに電気的に接続された制御部と、
を備え、前記制御部は、
前記電力調整装置の平均AC出力電力を算出し、
前記エネルギー貯蔵装置にて第2AC波形を生成するためのものであり、前記第2AC波形は、(i)前記第1AC波形の前記周波数と同じ周波数、(ii)前記平均AC出力電力に基づく振幅、および(iii)45°から前記第1AC波形の前記第1位相シフトに応じた量を減じたものに等しい位相シフトを有する装置。 - 前記エネルギー貯蔵装置はフィルムコンデンサー、又はインダクターである、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー貯蔵装置は、前記エネルギー貯蔵装置内へ及び外への電力の流れを制御するインターフェースを介して、前記電力調整装置に連結されている、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記インターフェースは電力変換器、又は電力インバーターである、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー源は光起電性配列、燃料電池、又はあらゆる他のDCエネルギー源である、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記第2AC波形は、前記エネルギー貯蔵装置から前記電力調整装置へ流れる電力の伝導か妨害かを行うことにより制御される、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記第2AC波形の制御は、パルス幅変調(PWM)、デルタ変調、又はヒステリシス制御により行われる、請求項15に記載の装置。
- エネルギー貯蔵装置は前記電力調整装置と一体となっている、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー源から供給されている前記電力は、前記電力調整装置の前記出力へ伝えられる電力と前記エネルギー貯蔵装置へ伝えられる前記電力との和である、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 命令を有する有形のコンピュータ読取可能媒体であり、コンピュータシステムにより前記命令を実施する場合、コンピュータは、
負荷とエネルギー源との間で交換される二倍周波数リップル電力を低減させる方法であって、前記エネルギー源は単相電力調整装置を介して電力を前記負荷に伝えるように構成され、前記方法は、
前記電力調整装置の出力の第1AC波形の(i)周波数および(ii)第1位相シフトを検出し、前記出力は前記負荷と電気的に接続され、
前記電力調整装置の平均AC出力電力を算出し、
前記電力調整装置に電気的に接続されたエネルギー貯蔵装置の出力にて第2AC波形を生成し、前記第2AC波形は、(i)前記第1AC波形の前記周波数と同じ周波数、(ii)前記平均AC出力電力に基づく振幅、および(iii)45°から前記第1AC波形の前記第1位相シフトに応じた量を減じたものに等しい位相シフトを有する、
工程を備える方法を実施する、コンピュータ読取可能媒体。 - 負荷とエネルギー源との間で交換される二倍周波数リップル電力を低減させる方法を実施するシステムであって、前記エネルギー源は単相電力調整装置を介して電力を前記負荷に伝えるように構成され、前記システムは、
前記電力調整装置の出力の第1AC波形の(i)周波数および(ii)第1位相シフトを検出するようにプログラムされている少なくとも一つのプロセッサであって、前記出力が前記負荷と電気的に接続されている少なくとも一つのプロセッサと、
前記電力調整装置の平均AC出力電力を算出するようにプログラムされている少なくとも一つのプロセッサと、
前記電力調整装置に電気的に接続されたエネルギー貯蔵装置の出力にて第2AC波形を生成するようにプログラムされている少なくとも一つのプロセッサであり、前記第2AC波形は、(i)前記第1AC波形の前記周波数と同じ周波数、(ii)前記平均AC出力電力に基づく振幅、および(iii)45°から前記第1AC波形の前記第1位相シフトに応じた量を減じたものに等しい位相シフトを有する、
システム。
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US11/871,015 US7755916B2 (en) | 2007-10-11 | 2007-10-11 | Methods for minimizing double-frequency ripple power in single-phase power conditioners |
US11/871,015 | 2007-10-11 | ||
PCT/US2008/079396 WO2009049079A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 | 2008-10-09 | Methods for minimizing double-frequency ripple power in single-phase power conditioners |
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GB2415841B (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-10 | Enecsys Ltd | Power conditioning unit |
GB2454389B (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2009-08-26 | Enecsys Ltd | Power conditioning unit |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11112437B2 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2021-09-07 | Reactive Technologies Limited | Inertia characteristic |
TWI751241B (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2022-01-01 | 英商迅應科技有限公司 | 用於判定電力網之同步區域之慣性特性之裝置、方法及電腦程式 |
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US20100238690A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
US8004865B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
US20110305050A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
US20090097283A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
EP2198505A1 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
JP2011501635A (ja) | 2011-01-06 |
CN101939898B (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
WO2009049079A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
CA2702250A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
US7755916B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
US8325499B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 |
EP2198505A4 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
CN101939898A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
EP2198505B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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