JP5734279B2 - 副作用が低減して痛みを抑制するための選択的な高周波脊髄調整及び関連のシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
副作用が低減して痛みを抑制するための選択的な高周波脊髄調整及び関連のシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5734279B2 JP5734279B2 JP2012507399A JP2012507399A JP5734279B2 JP 5734279 B2 JP5734279 B2 JP 5734279B2 JP 2012507399 A JP2012507399 A JP 2012507399A JP 2012507399 A JP2012507399 A JP 2012507399A JP 5734279 B2 JP5734279 B2 JP 5734279B2
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Description
本出願は、引用により本明細書に組み込まれる2009年5月8日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/176,868号明細書に対する優先権を請求するものである。本出願は、引用により本明細書に組み込まれる2009年4月22日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/171,790号明細書に対する優先権を請求するものである。
現在の技術は、一般的に、一般的に副作用を低減又は排除した高周波数要素又は構成要素(例えば、高い基本周波数を有する部分)を有する波形を通じて痛みを抑制する脊髄調整及び関連のシステム及び方法に関する。このような副作用には、不要な運動刺激又は阻止、及び/又はターゲットの痛み以外の感覚的な機能との干渉を含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態は、簡易脊髄調整システム及び構成要素、及び開業医及び/又は患者のための簡易手順も提供する。本発明の開示のある一定の実施形態の特定の詳細は、患者の1つ又はそれよりも多くのターゲット神経母集団(例えば、神経)又は部位を調整する方法、及び調整を提供するための関連の埋め込み型構造体を参照して以下に説明する。選択した実施形態は、痛みを制御するために脊柱、後角、後根、後根入口帯、及び/又は脊柱の他の特定の領域を調整することを参照して以下に説明するが、調整は、一部の例においては脊髄の他の神経構造及び/又はターゲット神経母集団及び/又は他の神経組織に関する場合がある。一部の実施形態は、この節に説明するものと異なる構成、構成要素、又は手順を有することができ、他の実施形態では特定の構成要素又は手順を排除することができる。当業者は、従って、本発明の開示が付加的な要素を有する他の実施形態を含むことができ、及び/又は図1A〜図11Cを参照して以下に図示及び説明する特徴の一部がない他の実施形態を含むことができることを理解するであろう。
本出願の譲受人である「Nevro Corporation」は、最初に従来の脊髄刺激(SCS)技術で、その後、以下で更に開示する新開発の技術で複数の患者を治療した多点治験を行った。初期研究中に得られた結果を確認して拡張した新開発の技術を中心とした更に別の治験によりこの研究の追跡が行われた。新開発の技術、治療、及び/又はシステムの複数の実施形態は、本発明で開示する技術、治療、及び/又はシステム)又はより全般的に本発明で開示する技術と呼ぶ。
初期治験前に、選択された患者は、1次慢性腰痛(患者により、例えば、神経障害性痛み及び/又は侵害性痛み、及び/又は他のタイプの痛み)を単独で又は他の区域、一般的に患者の脚に影響を与える痛みとの組合せで有すると識別される。全ての事例において、腰痛が主要なものであった。研究中に、患者は、2つのリードが取り付けられ、各々、図1Aに示すものと全般的に類似の方法で脊髄領域に埋め込まれた。一方のリードは、脊髄正中線189の片側に埋め込まれ、他方のリードは、脊髄正中線189の反対側に埋め込まれた。図1Bは、リード110が代表的な患者において埋め込まれた位置と共に脊髄191及び隣接椎骨195の断面図である(一般的に、Crossman及びNeary共著「神経解剖学」、1995年(Churchill Livingstoneにより出版)からの情報に基づく)。脊髄191は、腹部に位置する腹部本体196と背面に位置する横突起198と棘状突起197の間に存在する。矢印V及びDは、それぞれ、腹面及び背の方向を識別する。脊髄191自体は、硬膜199に位置し、硬膜199は、後根193及び後根神経節194を含む脊髄191を出る神経の部分を取り囲む。リード110は、2つのリード110が約2mm分互いから離間するように横方向の反対方向に脊髄正中線189(例えば、約1mmオフセット)からちょうど離れて位置決めされている。
本出願の譲受人である「Nevro Corporation」は、上述の療法の特定のパラメータ及び結果を評価するために追加研究を行った。追加研究において、患者は、埋め込まれたリード及びシミュレータを受け入れて数カ月にわたって治療を受けた。この研究には、各患者に関する従来のSCS技術との直接的な比較は含まれてなかったが、患者の一部は、本発明の技術による調整を受ける前に従来のSCS療法を受けた。選択した結果に対して以下で更に説明する。
本発明の技術の実施形態によって供給される治療のための潜在的な作用機構と共に、図8は標準SCS治療のための予想作用機構を示す概略図である(Linderoth及びForeman共著「痛みを伴う症候群の脊髄刺激の機構:動物モデルの役割」、痛み医療、第51巻、2006年に基づく)。抹消神経が傷ついた時に、Aδ侵害受容体及びC侵害受容体は、脊髄の後角で2次神経に興奮性伝達物質レベルの増大をもたらすと考えられる。矢印701により表す標準SCS療法は、2つの効果を有することが予想される。一方の効果は、患者の脳に脊柱に沿って伝達されて知覚異常として感知される順行性効果である。他方の効果は、介在神経細胞プールを励起する逆方向性効果であり、介在神経細胞プールは、2次神経への入力を抑制する。
標準SCS療法と比較した時に、患者及び/又は開業医に対して、上述の実施形態のある一定のものは、様々な利点の1つ又はそれよりも多くをもたらすことができる。これらの恩典の一部に対しては上述している。例えば、患者は、脊髄に沿って通常の感覚的な信号及び運動信号に対する患者検出可能な阻害なしで有効な痛み緩和を受け取ることができる。特定の実施形態では、この療法により通常の運動信号及び/又は感覚的な信号に及ぼす何らかの効果をもたらすことができるが、その効果は、例えば、計器又は他のデバイスを通じた外部支援の助けを借りずに患者が本質的に確実に検出することができるレベルよりも小さいものである。従って、運動信号伝達及び他の感覚的な信号伝達(ターゲット痛みに関連の信号伝達以外)の患者のレベルは、治療前のレベルに維持することができる。例えば、上述のように、患者は、主に患者の動き及び位置に関係がない著しい痛み低減を受けることができる。特に、患者は、様々な位置を仮定し、及び/又は療法が患者に適用されるパラメータ(例えば、信号振幅)を調整する必要がなく、日常生活の活動及び/又は他の活動に関連の様々な運動に着手することができる。この結果により、様々な活動に従事しながら、患者の生活を大幅に簡素化すると共に痛み緩和を受けるのに必要とされる努力を低減することができる。この結果により、図5B及び図5Cを参照して上述したように、睡眠中に痛みを受ける患者に対して生活様式を改善することができる。
図9は、本発明の開示の特定の実施形態により調整信号を送出するように位置決めされた第1及び第2の接点C1、C2を有するリード910の部分概略図である。接点は、従って、埋め込まれた時で患者の組織を接触するように位置決めされる。リード910は、各接点グループ分けを通じて双極調整信号を支持するために、少なくとも2つの第1の接点C1及び少なくとも2つの第2の接点C2を含むことができる。この実施形態の一態様では、リード910は、接点C1、C2が長軸Aから等しく離間した状態で主要又はリード軸線Aに沿って長形とすることができる。一般的に、長形という用語は、幅を超える長さ(例えば、脊髄に沿って)を有するリード又は他の信号送出要素を指す。リード910は、一般的なリードのそれより長いである全長L(そにわたってアクティブ接点が位置決めされる)を有することができる。特に、長さLは、1つ又はそれよりも多くの椎骨の位置(関連の神経母集団を含む)で第1の接点C1を位置決めし、第1の接点から離間してかつ第1の接点の上位にある別の椎骨の位置(関連の神経母集団を含む)で第2の接点C2を位置決めするのに十分とすることができる。例えば、第1の接点C1は、腰痛を治療するために、椎骨レベルT9〜T12に位置決めすることができ、第2の接点C2は、アーム痛みを治療するために、上位椎骨の位置(例えば、子宮頸部の位置)に位置決めすることができる。代表的なリードの長さは、約30cmから約150cmまで、特定の実施形態では約40cmから約50cmまでである。パルスは、いくつかの異なる構成に従って接点の両方の群に印加することができる。例えば、一方の群に供給されたパルスを他の群に印加されたパルスと交互配置することができ、又は同じ信号を一方の群から他方の群に迅速に切り換えることができる。他の実施形態では、個々の接点、接点の対及び/又は異なる群の接点に印加された信号は、他の方法で多重送信することができる。これらの実施形態のいずれにおいても、接点C1、C2の各々は、例えば、約3mm2から約25mm2まで、特定の実施形態では、約8mm2から約15mm2の範囲で適切に選択された表面積を有することができる。特定のリード上の個々の接点は、上述の範囲で、リードの隣接又は他の接点と異なる表面積値を有することができ、選択される値は、個々の接点の椎骨の位置を含む特徴に依存する。
本発明で開示する療法技術の確固たる特性は、図1A〜図1Bを参照して上述したシステム全体の他の態様を簡素化することを可能にすることができる。例えば、患者リモコン及び内科医プログラマーは、大幅に簡素化することができ、その理由には、信号送出パラメータを変更する必要性を大幅に低減するか又は完全に排除することができるからである。従って、特に、ある一定の実施形態では、リードが埋め込まれた状態で、患者は、広範囲にわたる位置を仮定して広範囲にわたる活動に従事しながら、信号振幅又は他の信号送出パラメータを変更する必要がなく有効な療法を受け取ることができることが予想される。その結果、引用により本明細書に既に組み込んでいる米国特許出願第______号明細書(代理人登録番号第66245.8024US)において更に説明しているように、患者リモコンは、いずれかのプログラミング機能を含む必要がなく、その代わりに単一のオン/オフ作動の機能(例えば、オン/オフ作動のボタン又はスイッチ)を含むことができる。患者リモコンは、パルス発生器がアクティブである時を識別するインジケータ(例えば、光)を含むことができる。この特徴は、特に本発明で開示する療法に関連して有用であると考えられ、その理由には、患者は、一般的に、システムが療法信号に加えて意図的に知覚異常を生成するように構成及びプログラムされていない限り知覚異常を感じないからである。特定の実施形態では、内科医プログラマーは、同様に簡素化することができるが、一部の場合には、少なくとも部分的にレベルのプログラミング機能を内科医プログラマーに維持することが望ましいと考えられる。このような機能は、内科医が、アクティブ接点の変化及び/又は他の信号送出パラメータを必要とするほど重大であるリードが移動するか又は患者が生理的変化(例えば、瘢痕)又は生活様式の変化(例えば、新しい活動)をする稀な例において異なる接点及び/又は他の信号送出パラメータを選択することを可能にすることができる。
上述の実施形態の多くは、慢性の神経障害性腰痛を下部胸部椎骨(T9〜T12)に印加される調整信号で治療する状況に説明するものであった。他の実施形態では、上述のそれらとほぼ類似のものであるパラメータ(例えば、周波数、パルス幅、振幅、及び/又は負荷サイクル)を有する調整信号を他の兆候に対処するために他の患者位置に印加することができる。例えば、上述の方法は、脊髄正中線からDREZまでの横位置照準で調整を適用する段階を含むが、他の実施形態では、調整は、DREZから横方向に外方に小孔領域に適用することができる。他の実施形態では、調整は、患者の他の脊髄レベルに適用することができる。例えば、調整は、仙骨部、より具体的には、仙椎神経が仙骨に入る「馬の尾」領域に適用することができる。尿失禁及び便失禁は、この位置で適用される調整で治療することができることが予想される例示的な兆候を表している。他の実施形態では、調整は、他の胸部椎骨に適用することができる。例えば、調整は、T9より上方の胸部椎骨に適用することができる。特定の実施形態では、調整は、T3〜T6の領域に適用して狭心症を治療することができる。調整は、高胸部椎骨に適用して帯状疱疹に関連の痛みを治療することができる。調整は、慢性地域の痛み症候群及び/又は全身痛みに対処するために頸椎に適用することができ、かつ頸部手術に取って代わるように行うことができる。適切な子宮頸部の位置には、椎骨レベルC3−C7(包含的)がある。他の実施形態では、調整は、例えば、片頭痛に対処するために後頭神経に適用することができる。
610 患者に信号発生器を埋め込むブロック
620 患者の脊椎領域で単一の送出デバイスを埋め込むブロック
630 高周波波形を適用するブロック
640 痛みを抑制/阻止するブロック
Claims (18)
- 患者の痛み感覚を覆い隠す知覚異常を用いずに患者の痛みを治療するための脊髄調整システムであって、
埋め込み型パルス発生器と、
前記パルス発生器が治療信号を送信できるように前記パルス発生器に接続された埋め込み型信号送出要素と、
を含み、
前記パルス発生器は、前記治療信号を生成し、かつ前記治療信号を前記信号送出要素に対して送信するための命令を収容する機械可読な媒体を含んでおり、
前記治療信号の少なくとも一部は、1.5kHzから100kHzまでの範囲の周波数、0.1mAから20mAまでの範囲の振幅、そして、10マイクロ秒から333マイクロ秒までの範囲のパルス幅を有し、前記治療信号は、知覚異常を生じることなく鎮痛効果を与える、
ことを特徴とする脊髄調整システム。 - 前記振幅の範囲が、0.5mAから10mAまでである、請求項1に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記振幅の範囲が、1mAから6mAまでである、請求項1に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記振幅の範囲が、1mAから4mAまでである、請求項1に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記振幅の範囲が、2mAから3.5mAまでである、請求項1に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記パルス幅の範囲が、25マイクロ秒から166マイクロ秒までの範囲である、請求項1乃至5のうちいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記パルス幅の範囲が、30マイクロ秒から35マイクロ秒までの範囲である、請求項1乃至5のうちいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記周波数の範囲が、1.5kHzから50kHzまでの範囲である、請求項1乃至7のうちいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記周波数の範囲が、3kHzから20kHzまでの範囲である、請求項1乃至7のうちいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記周波数の範囲が、3kHzから15kHzまでの範囲である、請求項1乃至7のうちいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記周波数の範囲が、3kHzから10kHzまでの範囲である、請求項1乃至7のうちいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記周波数が、10kHzである、請求項1乃至7のうちいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記周波数の範囲が、5kHzから15kHzまでの範囲である、請求項1乃至7のうちいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記パルス発生器の信号送出パラメータを遠隔操作で更新するために前記埋め込み型パルス発生器と無線で通信可能に接続された内科医プログラマーをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1乃至13のいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記内科医プログラマーは、周波数、振幅、パルス幅、又は信号送出位置を更新するよう構成されている、請求項14に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記パルス発生器は、50%又はそれ以下の負荷サイクルで前記治療信号を送出するよう構成されている、請求項1乃至15のいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記埋め込み型信号送出要素は、複数の離間されたコンタクトを有し、脊髄の硬膜外腔への埋め込みに適合した長形のリードを含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至16のいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
- 前記治療信号は、知覚異常を誘発しない治療信号である、請求項1乃至17のいずれか一項に記載の脊髄調整システム。
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