US20070073354A1 - Neural blocking therapy - Google Patents

Neural blocking therapy Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20070073354A1
US20070073354A1 US11/235,947 US23594705A US2007073354A1 US 20070073354 A1 US20070073354 A1 US 20070073354A1 US 23594705 A US23594705 A US 23594705A US 2007073354 A1 US2007073354 A1 US 2007073354A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
field
brain
neural activity
nerve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/235,947
Inventor
Mark Knudson
Adrianus Donders
Timothy Conrad
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flathead Partners LLC
Venturi Group LLC
Original Assignee
Venturi Group LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Venturi Group LLC filed Critical Venturi Group LLC
Priority to US11/235,947 priority Critical patent/US20070073354A1/en
Assigned to VENTURI GROUP, LLC reassignment VENTURI GROUP, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CONRAD, TIMOTHY R., DONDERS, ADRIANUS P., KNUDSON, MARK B.
Priority to PCT/US2006/036816 priority patent/WO2007038200A1/en
Publication of US20070073354A1 publication Critical patent/US20070073354A1/en
Priority to US12/045,394 priority patent/US8798754B2/en
Priority to US14/059,246 priority patent/US20140046419A1/en
Priority to US14/922,009 priority patent/US20160144181A1/en
Assigned to FLATHEAD PARTNERS, LLC reassignment FLATHEAD PARTNERS, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CONRAD, SARAH BRENZEL, NICKOLOFF, ANNE, KNUDSON, MARK B., KNUDSON, SUSAN J., NEWMAN, BARRY J., DONDERS, ADRIANUS
Priority to US16/286,389 priority patent/US20190184170A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36071Pain
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • A61N1/05Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0551Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36064Epilepsy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36067Movement disorders, e.g. tremor or Parkinson disease
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • A61N1/05Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0526Head electrodes
    • A61N1/0529Electrodes for brain stimulation
    • A61N1/0531Brain cortex electrodes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • A61N1/05Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0526Head electrodes
    • A61N1/0529Electrodes for brain stimulation
    • A61N1/0534Electrodes for deep brain stimulation

Definitions

  • This application pertains to method and apparatus for treating conditions associated with neuronal activity.
  • the prior art contains numerous examples of treatments involving stimulation signals to nerves, muscles or organs for treating a wide variety of medical disorders.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,702,254 and 5,229,569 (both assigned to Cyberonics, Inc.) describe various central nervous system (CNS) treatments using electrical stimulation applied to the vagus nerve.
  • CNS central nervous system
  • the '254 patent describes treatment of epilepsy.
  • the '569 patent describes treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • U.S. patent application Publ. No. 2003/0144709 also assigned to Cyberonics, Inc. describes treatment of pain through nerve stimulation.
  • Nerve stimulation and muscle stimulation have been suggested for treating gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders.
  • Treatments of gastrointestinal diseases through nerve stimulation have been suggested.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,423 to Bardy dated May 29, 2001 describes a constipation treatment involving electrical stimulation of the muscles or related nerves of the gut.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,571,127 to Ben-Haim et al. dated May 27, 2003 describes increasing motility by applying an electrical field to the GI tract.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,730 to Terry, Jr. et al., dated Jul. 30, 1996 describes a motility treatment involving vagal stimulation to alter GI contractions in response to a sense condition indicative of need for treatment.
  • the fore-going treatments are stimulation for treatments.
  • the signal parameters pulse width, frequency and amplitude
  • the signal parameters are selected to initiate neural action potentials to be propagated along the nerve to an organ (e.g., brain or stomach).
  • stimulation signals are stimulation signals. Certain parameters can result in a signal that inhibits the nerve or blocks the propagation of action potentials along the nerve.
  • the present invention is an improvement upon a neural blocking to avoid antidromic influences during stimulation or to otherwise down-regulate nerve activity.
  • Cryogenic nerve blocking of the vagus is described in Dapoigny et al., “Vagal influence on colonic motor activity in conscious nonhuman primates”, Am. J. Physiol., 262: G231-G236 (1992).
  • Electrically induced nerve blocking is described in Van Den Honert, et al., “Generation of Unidirectionally Propagated Action Potentials in a Peripheral Nerve by Brief Stimuli”, Science, Vol. 206, pp. 1311-1312.
  • An electrical nerve block is described in Solomonow, et al., “Control of Muscle Contractile Force through Indirect High-Frequency Stimulation”, Am. J. of Physical Medicine, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 71-82 (1983) and Petrofsky, et al., “Impact of Recruitment Order on Electrode Design for Neural Prosthetics of Skeletal Muscle”, Am. J. of Physical Medicine, Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 243-253 (1981).
  • a neural prosthesis with an electrical nerve block is also described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2002/0055779 A1 to Andrews published May 9, 2002.
  • a frequency of the blocking signal is greater than a 200 Hz threshold and, preferably, greater than 500 Hz.
  • Solomonow, et al. “control of muscle contractile force through indirect high-frequency stimulation”, American Journal of Physical Medicine, Volume 62, No. 2, pages 71-82 (1983). Higher frequencies of as high as 5,000 Hz result in more consistent neural conduction block.
  • Kilgore, et al. “Nerve Conduction Block Utilizing High-Frequency Alternating Current”, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, Vol. 24, pp. 394-406 (2004).
  • the nerve conduction block is applied with electrical signals selected to block the entire cross-section of the nerve (for example, both afferent, efferent, myelinated and non-myelinated fibers) at the site of applying the blocking signal (as opposed to selected sub-groups of nerve fibers or just afferent and not efferent or vice versa).
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,104 to Wernicke et. al. Dated Feb. 23, 1993 describes sub-selection of fibers in a nerve by selecting a treatment frequency by which blocks certain nerve fiber types in the nerve while stimulating other nerve fiber types. Since certain fibers are stimulated while other fibers are blocked, there is no cross-section inhibition or blocking of the entire nerve and all of its nerve fiber types (for example, both afferent, efferent, myelinated and non-myelinated fibers).
  • U.S. patent application Publ. No. 2002/0055779 A1 published May 9, 2002 describes applying a high frequency block to a sciatic nerve to block undesired neural impulses which would otherwise contribute to spastic movement. With such spasm-inducing signals blocked, a therapy signal is applied to the muscle to stimulated desired muscle contractions.
  • U.S. patent application Publ. No. 2005/0149148 A1 published Jul. 7, 2005 (assigned to Medtronic, Inc.) teaches using a blocking signal to avoid undesired side effect (i.e., pain) otherwise associated with a stimulation signal.
  • the foregoing EnteroMedics patent applications describe, in a preferred embodiment, the application of neural conduction block therapy to a vagus nerve alone or in combination with a stimulation of the nerve.
  • the conduction block therapy of the these patent applications includes application of an electrical signal with parameters selected to down-regulate vagal activity by creating conditions in which normal nerve propagation potentials are blocked at the application of the signal on both afferent and efferent nerves fibers of the vagus.
  • Representative treatments described in these applications include the treatment of obesity, pancreatitis, pain, inflammation, functional GI disorders, irritable bowel syndrome and ileus.
  • Blockage of a nerve can result in nerve accommodation in which other nerve groups assume, in whole in part, the function of the blocked nerve.
  • sub-diaphragm blocking of the vagus nerve may be accommodated by the enteric nervous system.
  • U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/881,045 filed Jun. 30, 2004 published Feb. 17, 2005 as Publication No. US 2005/0038484 A1 (assigned to EnteroMedics, Inc.) notes that a duty cycle of electrical impulses to the nerve to block neural conduction on the nerve can be adjusted between periods of blocking and no blocking in order to vary the amount of down regulation of the vagus nerve as well as preventing accommodation by the enteric nervous system.
  • Parkinson's disease can be controlled with one of many currently available medications. These are divided into several classes of drugs including dopamine agonists, levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitors, anticholinergic agents, MAO-B inhibitors, and COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) inhibitors. These medications, whether used alone or in combination, not only replace the dopamine that has been lost in the brain, but also slow the rate of dopamine loss in the brain, and/or correct the imbalance between the levels of dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain. While none of these medications are a cure for Parkinson's disease, they can alleviate the symptoms of the disease and help its victims manage the disease.
  • L-DOPA L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
  • L-DOPA aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
  • carbidopa an AADS inhibitor.
  • Carbidopa inhibits peripheral AADS action and thus reduces the amount of levodopa needed.
  • Sinemet (unlike most medications that are absorbed into blood through the stomach) is absorbed from the small intestine. Anything that delays the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine, such as foods rich in fat and protein, can reduce the amount of the drug absorbed. Moreover, levodopa has a very short plasma half-life. It disappears from the blood in 60 to 90 minutes. Because it is a type of amino acid called a large neutral amino acid (LNAA), it attaches itself during absorption to carrier molecules in the wall of the intestine and is then carried to the blood. Similarly, once in the blood, carrier molecules carry it across the blood-brain barrier.
  • LNAA large neutral amino acid
  • Amino acids such as isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine compete for the carrier with levodopa.
  • a diet rich in protein can further compete with the Sinemet for entry into the brain.
  • Selegeline Another medication that can be used alone or in combination with Sinemet is Eldepryl (generic name of selegeline). Selegeline is classified as a MAO-B inhibitor and is often administered in 5 mg capsules to help keep the Sinemet dose lower over time and therefore extend its administration period. In certain cases, it can delay the need for levodopa therapy by up to a year. By blocking the action of MAO-B, selegeline extends the capabilities of the dopamine in the synapse, delaying the breakdown of naturally occurring dopamine and dopamine administered as L-DOPA.
  • Eldepryl thus slows dopamine loss in the synapse and makes it more likely that a dopamine will reach its corresponding receptor on the receiving nerve cell and transmit the correct message down the dopamine circuit. This is often referred to as dopamine conservation therapy.
  • Dopamine agonists comprise another general category of drugs.
  • Parlodel (generic name of bromocriptine), Permax (generic name of pergolide) and Symmetrel (generic name of amantadine) are examples.
  • Parlodel and Permax mimic the action of dopamine by interacting with dopamine receptors in a form of dopamine substitution therapy. These two drugs enter the brain directly at dopamine receptor sites and prolong the duration of Sinemet's effects.
  • An advantage of this approach is that it is less likely to cause dyskinesias (the occurrence of abnormal involuntary movements that results from the intake of high doses of L-DOPA).
  • dopamine do not increase in the brain, as is the case with Sinemet. Rather, a substitute form of dopamine is being used. However, these two drugs are less effective than L-DOPA in decreasing bradykinesia and rigidity and induce side effects such as paranoia, hallucinations, confusion, nausea and vomiting.
  • Symmetrel is an anti-viral drug used as a dopamine-releasing therapy in combination with Sinemet. It works by allowing the presynaptic neuron to more easily release dopamine into the synapse. More recently, it has been suggested that Symmetrel acts by binding to glutamate receptors in the subthalamic nucleus to help redress the imbalance in basal ganglia activity due to a deficiency in dopamine in a synergistic manner. Symmetrel is either used alone in the first stages of PD or in combination in the later stages. However, its effectiveness is known to wear off in a third to a half of the patients taking it. Furthermore, it induces side effects such as edema, blurred vision, depression, confusion and mottled skin.
  • Requip (generic name of ropinirole) and Mirapex (generic name of pramipexole) are dopamine agonists. They are selective for the dopamine D3 receptor and are selectively targeted toward the basal ganglia. Both Requip and Mirapex can be used alone or with levodopa and both show fewer side effects than other drugs (Lozano et al. 1998).
  • Artane and Cogentine represent yet another class of drugs. They are classified as anti-cholinergic agents and are used to restore the imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine levels in the brain. They work to reduce the activity of acetylcholine and hence reduce the tremor and stiffness of muscle that come about as a result of having more acetylcholine than dopamine in the brain.
  • Tasmar (generic name of tolcapone) is a drug classified as a COMT inhibitor.
  • COMT is a peripheral enzyme that reduces levodopa to a less active form.
  • Tasmar which became available in February 1998, has a different action than that of the dopamine agonists, in that when COMT activity is blocked, dopamine remains in the brain for a longer period of time. Hence, when administered with levodopa, COMT inhibitors prolong the duration time of Sinem.
  • a method and apparatus are disclosed for treating a variety of conditions. These include treating a disorder associated with neural activity near a region of a brain.
  • the method includes placing an electrode to create a field near said region, creating said field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within said field.
  • the method includes identifying a target area of tissue to be treated and placing an electrode to create a field near the target area, and creating the field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within the target area.
  • the method includes placing an electrode to create a field near a nerve associated with the spinal cord, and creating the field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within the nerve.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a patient's head and showing an electrode array according to the present invention in phantom lines positioned beneath a skull of the patient;
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of a patient with an electrode patch beneath the skull of the patient and shown in phantom lines with a lead to a control unit positioned in the patient's neck;
  • FIG. 3 is a view of a brain of a patient shown in lateral cross-section and with a patch according to the present invention residing between the skull and the surface of the patient's brain over a cortex of the patient's brain;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of an electrode patch according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an anterior-posterior, cross-sectional view of a patient's brain showing an alternative embodiment of electrodes placed on a catheter advanced through the ventricle of the brain;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of inside surfaces of an upper arm and forearm and hand of a patient with an alternative embodiment of the present invention positioned surrounding a target area for needle insertion;
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of a section of the electrode patch of FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a graphical presentation of representative waveforms according to the present invention for energizing the electrodes of FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 9 is an illustration of a patient's finger showing electrodes on the opposite side of a target area at the fingertip of the patient;
  • FIG. 10 illustrates electrodes on mucosal tissue on opposite sides of a tooth to apply a blocking signal
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-section view of a vertebral body and showing anatomical components and a blocking signal electrode on a dorsal root;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic longitudinal, side-sectional showing of a segment of a spine with a catheter placement of an electrode on a dorsal root;
  • FIG. 13 is an anterior-posterior schematic representation of a segment of a spine with blocking signal electrodes shown in two positions.
  • Certain disorders e.g., epilepsy and Parkinson's disease and other motor disorders of CNS origin are believed to be associated with hormonal imbalance.
  • Movement disorders associated with cerebral activity are not fully understood. However, certain disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease are believed to be associated with an imbalance of hormonal production deep within the brain.
  • Glutamate enhances conductivity of the nerve cells of the brain while dopamine reduces or inhibits such conductivity.
  • dopamine is produced within a region of the brain known as the substantia nigra SN.
  • Glutamate is produced in the thalamus region of the brain, which includes the ventral anterior nucleus VAN, the ventral lateral nucleus VLN and the centromedian nucleus CN.
  • the produced hormones are projected throughout the brain including to the cortex which is the outer region of the brain near the back of the head and illustrated generally by C in FIG. 3 .
  • the projection to the cortex C of the glutamate is believed to flow from production of glutamate in the ventral anterior nucleus VAN. Such projection is illustrated by the arrow A G in FIG. 3 .
  • the projection of dopamine to the cortex is believed to flow from the substantia nigra SN with such projection illustrated in FIG. 3 by the arrow A D .
  • dopamine and glutamate alter the conductivity of the nerve cells in the cortex C.
  • Certain motor disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, are believed to be associated with a deficiency of dopamine production which results in excessively enhanced conductivity in the cortex since the enhancing hormone, glutatmate, is disproportionately high relative to the inhibiting conductivity hormone, dopamine.
  • the present invention compensates for hormonal imbalance resulting in excessive conductivity by altering the conductivity at the cortex.
  • the conductivity of the cortex and electrical activity of the cortex controls motor functions of the patient.
  • the present invention is a patch electrode 10 , which is placed beneath the skull of the patient between the skull S and the cortex C ( FIG. 3 ).
  • the patch electrode 10 includes a flexible flat substrate 12 of electrically insulating material such as silicone or the like. Exposed on one surface of the substrate 12 are a plurality of electrically conductive electrodes, which, in a preferred embodiment, are arranged in an array of rows and columns.
  • the patch 10 is dimensioned for the array of electrodes to cover at least a portion of the cortex C of the brain and with the electrodes of the array in electrically conductive contact with the cortex C.
  • the patch electrode 10 is placed over the cortex beneath the skull on either the left ( FIG. 1 ) or right ( FIG. 2 ) of the brain.
  • FIG. 1 the top of a patient's head H is shown with an anterior-posterior axis A-P separating the patients' left L and right R sides.
  • a lead 16 from the patch electrode 10 may be tunneled between the skull S and the brain B through the base of the skull and terminated at a control unit 20 which may be positioned within the neck or implanted lower in the patient such in the shoulder or clavicle area or the like.
  • the lead 16 is a highly flexible conductor containing individual conductors for each of the electrodes of the array of the patch 10 and encased within a highly flexible insulative material such as silicone or the like.
  • the controller 20 may be an implantable pulse generator (with separate power source such as either rechargeable batteries or replaceable batteries) or may be a control unit, which receives power and pacing signals from an external control unit, which transmits via radio frequency transmission to the controller 20 .
  • the controller 20 will be treated as a completely contained controller having both logic circuits and power source. It will be appreciated that such controllers may be also programmable from external programmable sources as is known in the art for controlling implantable pulse generators for cardiac pacing.
  • the circuitry of the controller 20 permits energizing selective ones of the electrodes of the array in bi-polar electrode pairs.
  • electrodes E 5, 1 and E 4, 2 may be energized with oppositely polarized waveforms to create an electrical field F 1 between the electrodes E 5, 1 and E 4, 2 .
  • oppositely charged waveforms it will be appreciated that electrode E 5, 1 is positively charged while E 4, 2 is negatively charged and E 5, 1 is negatively charged while E 4, 2 is positively charged.
  • E 5, 1 and E 4, 2 is charged to create the field F 1 , all remaining electrodes may be inactive or otherwise charged to create more complex electrical fields.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a field F 2 created between electrode pairs E 2, 2 and E 2, 4 and a field F 3 between electrode pairs E 1, 1 and E 5, 5 .
  • the controller 20 may also control the electrodes so that the waveform applied to the electrodes has a built-in delay period such that a particular electrode pair is not charged and in its delay period, while other electrode pairs are being charged. Accordingly, multiple pairs of electrodes may be charged with the waveforms of the electrode pairs being nested so that only one electrode pair is charged at any one unit of time. An example of a nested set of waveforms will be later described.
  • the waveform selected is a blocking waveform to block neuronal activity.
  • the frequency of the field will have a pulse width selected for the generated field to have a frequency in excess of a 200 Hz threshold as described by Solomonow (article previously described) and, more preferably, 5,000 Hz or higher as described in Kilgore (article previously described).
  • a 5,000 Hz signal will have a pulse width of about 100 microseconds.
  • a representative amplitude for such signals would be 0.2 to 8 mA.
  • the effect of applying a blocking signal to the cortex reduces the excessive electrical activity otherwise associated with a dopamine deficiency.
  • the therapy of the present invention is localized to the area of interest, namely, the cortex region of the brain, which contributes to the symptoms of motor disorders. Other regions of the brain are not affected and no systemic drug is given to the patient.
  • the programming of the controller 20 may permit altering the selected individual electrodes, which form an electrode pair. Any two electrodes on the patch 10 may be formed to a pair to create a field between the pair. As a result, at time of placement of the patch 10 , the patch need not be precisely placed to achieve an interruption or inhibition of electrical activity in the cortex. Instead, different permutations of coupled electrode pairs may be tested to observe patient response post-surgery.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates use of stimulation signals to result in localized production of dopamine.
  • a catheter 30 is advanced into the ventricles of the brain with a distal tip 32 positioned in the region of the hypothalamus of the brain.
  • the tip 32 includes an electrode pair E A and E B , which form a bi-polar electrode pair.
  • the electrodes are individually electrically connected to a controller (not shown but such as controller 20 previously described) for creating a desired waveform (as will be described).
  • the controller provides the electrodes with either a stimulation signal (for example 20 Hz or any other signal less than 200 Hz) or a blocking signal as previously described.
  • a stimulation signal for example 20 Hz or any other signal less than 200 Hz
  • a blocking signal can be applied to note any reduction in glutamate production.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a patch 110 which may be placed on the skin surrounding a target area T associated with pain.
  • a patient's required to give blood samples frequently require a needle injection into the interior surface of the arm to insert a needle into a vein between the upper arm UA and the forearm FA.
  • the health care technician's identification of the particular vein for puncture is identified and circled by a target area T in phantom lines in FIG. 6 .
  • a patch 110 is a ring-shaped substrate 112 sized to surround the target area T but otherwise permits access to the target area T by a needle (not shown) for drawing blood or the like.
  • An undersurface of the substrate 112 contains diametrically opposite electrode pairs E 1, A , E 1, B and E 2, A , E 2, B and E 3, A , E 3, B .
  • the electrodes are individually electrically connected to a controller (not shown but such as controller 20 previously described) for creating a desired waveform (as will be described). Between the electrodes adhesive layers 114 are provided to secure the patch 110 in place on the patient's skin surrounding the target area T.
  • the individual electrode pairs are bi-polar electrode pairs, which may be provided with a blocking signal as previously described.
  • the electrode pair E 1, A , E 1, B may be provided with a first waveform W 1 illustrated in FIG. 8 .
  • the electrode pair E 2, A , E 2, B may be provided with a second waveform W 2 and electrode pairs E 3, A , E 3, B may be provided with a third waveform W 3 in FIG. 8 .
  • Each of the waveforms W 1 , W 2 and W 3 are identical differing only in their timing.
  • the waveforms are preferably blocking waveforms having a frequency in excess of a few hundred Hz threshold and more preferably having a frequency of about 5,000 Hz. With such a frequency, the waveforms have a pulse duration D of 100 microseconds.
  • each cycle of the waveform has a delayed period DP between the pulses with the duration of the delay period DP equal to two complete cycles (i.e., four pulse durations D or 400 microseconds).
  • the amplitude of the pulse A may be any suitable amplitude to encourage current flow between the electrode pairs. To drive current across the skin, higher energy levels are anticipated (e.g., voltages up to about 35 volts and currents up to 25 mA.
  • the waveforms are offset relative to one another so that when any one electrode pair is receiving a pulse, the other electrode pairs are inactive resulting in three nested waveforms as illustrated in FIG. 8 .
  • Such waveforms create an electrical field between the diametrically opposed electrodes of a particular pair with the field passing through the target area T to block neuronal activity within the target area. Accordingly, when the electrodes are energized with the blocking signals as described, pain is not sensed during needle insertion into the target area T.
  • the apparatus 110 will further include electrical leads to a control unit both of which are not shown for ease of illustration.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative application where two electrodes E 1 E 2 are placed on opposite sides of a target area T near the fingertip of a patient's finger F.
  • a substrate for the electrodes is not shown.
  • the electrodes are individually electrically connected to a controller (not shown but such as controller 20 previously described) for creating a desired waveform.
  • the application of FIG. 9 is particularly useful for numbing a fingertip prior to lancing the fingertip for a blood sample for periodic blood sugar tests by diabetic patients.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a still further embodiment where electrodes E 1 and E 2 are placed on opposite sides of the gum of the patient overlying mucosal tissue MT on opposite sides of a tooth T.
  • Application of a blocking signal as previously described to the electrodes creates a blocking field to block nerves within the mucosal tissue for treatment of pain associated with gums or teeth or to precondition the tissue prior to injection of local anesthetics such as Novocain or Lydacain or other procedure occurring at the tissue.
  • FIGS. 11-13 illustrate application of the present invention to the spinal cord.
  • FIG. 11 shows, in cross section, a spinal cord SC position between an anterior vertebral body AVB and a posterior vertebral body PVB.
  • the patient's anterior-posterior axis A-P is shown separating the patient's right R and left L sides.
  • the spinal cord SC is shown enclosed within a dural layer D with opposing surfaces of the spinal cord SC and the dural D defining a subanachroid space SAS. Extending laterally away from the spinal cord are left and right ventral roots LVR, RVR and right and left dorsal roots RDR, LDR. Also illustrated is a ganglion G.
  • the spinal cord SC is illustrated as having identifiable areas of afferent and efferent fibers including ascending pathways AP areas and descending pathways DP areas.
  • an electrode E is advanced either through open surgical or minimally invasive techniques into the subanachroid space SAS and positioned on a root such as the right dorsal root RDR.
  • Application of a blocking signal to the electrode E blocks signals such as pain signals from the dorsal root the spinal cord SC. While a single monopolar electrode E is shown in FIG. 11 , it will be appreciated that multiple electrodes including bipolar electrodes may be placed on the roots.
  • blocking signal may be as previously described and, preferably, has a frequency in excess of 3,000 Hz and more preferably about 5,000 Hz or more.
  • FIG. 12 is shown in vertical cross section with multiple vertebral bodies and with a spinal cord extending between the vertebral bodies.
  • the dorsal roots are shown extending between the anterior bodies. It will be appreciated that such roots extend laterally from the spinal cord.
  • a catheter C is shown in phantom lines for advancing an electrode to a dorsal root for placing the electrode on the dorsal root.
  • the electrode lead extends from the electrode through implantable or external pulse generator as previously described.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an electrode E (the upper electrode E in the view of FIG. 13 ) placed on a dorsal root either surgically or through catheter delivery as previously described. Further, FIG. 13 shows an electrode E (the lower electrode E in the view of FIG. 13 ) placed overlying the spinal cord over a target area AP,
  • the target area AP is an identified area of ascending pathways for application of a blocking signal to the ascending pathways for blocking transmission of neural signals to the brain.
  • the electrode is supported on a sling S which is mounted on the left and right dorsal roots. It will be appreciated that the electrode so supported can be positioned over any area of the spinal cord to affect any desired area of ascending pathways or descending pathways.
  • the electrodes are individually electrically connected to a controller (not shown but such as controller 20 previously described) for creating a desired waveform.

Abstract

A method and apparatus are disclosed for treating a variety of conditions include treating a disorder associated with neural activity near a region of a brain. In such condition, the method includes placing an electrode to create a field near said region, creating said field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within said field. For treating a tissue sensation, the method includes identifying a target area of tissue to be treated and placing an electrode to create a field near the target area, and creating the field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within the target area. For treating a condition associated with neural activity of a spinal cord, the method includes placing an electrode to create a field near a nerve associated with the spinal cord, and creating the field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within the nerve.

Description

    I. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • This application pertains to method and apparatus for treating conditions associated with neuronal activity.
  • 2. Description of the Prior Art
  • a. Neural Stimulation Treatments
  • The prior art contains numerous examples of treatments involving stimulation signals to nerves, muscles or organs for treating a wide variety of medical disorders.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,702,254 and 5,229,569 (both assigned to Cyberonics, Inc.) describe various central nervous system (CNS) treatments using electrical stimulation applied to the vagus nerve. For example, the '254 patent describes treatment of epilepsy. The '569 patent describes treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. U.S. patent application Publ. No. 2003/0144709 (also assigned to Cyberonics, Inc.) describes treatment of pain through nerve stimulation.
  • U.S. patent application publication No. 2004/0243205 A1 to Keravel et al. published Dec. 2, 2004 and assigned to Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn., USA (incorporated herein by reference) describes a paddle lead with multiple electrodes. The paddle is placed beneath the skull overlying a target area of the cerebral cortex. The electrodes record somaestheic-evoked potentials. The same electrodes may be used for a stimulation therapy.
  • Nerve stimulation and muscle stimulation have been suggested for treating gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders. Treatments of gastrointestinal diseases through nerve stimulation have been suggested. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,423 to Bardy dated May 29, 2001 describes a constipation treatment involving electrical stimulation of the muscles or related nerves of the gut. U.S. Pat. No. 6,571,127 to Ben-Haim et al. dated May 27, 2003 describes increasing motility by applying an electrical field to the GI tract. U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,730 to Terry, Jr. et al., dated Jul. 30, 1996 describes a motility treatment involving vagal stimulation to alter GI contractions in response to a sense condition indicative of need for treatment. U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,713 to Tracey dated Aug. 26, 2003 describes inhibiting release of a proinflammatory cytokine by treating a cell with a cholinergic agonist by stimulating efferent vagus nerve activity to inhibit the inflammatory cytokine cascade. U.S. Pat. No. 6,622,047 to Barret et al dated Sep. 16, 2003 described obesity treatment through vagal stimulation.
  • b. Neural Blocking
  • The fore-going treatments are stimulation for treatments. For those applying a signal to a nerve, the signal parameters (pulse width, frequency and amplitude) are selected to initiate neural action potentials to be propagated along the nerve to an organ (e.g., brain or stomach).
  • Not all electrical signals applied to nerves are stimulation signals. Certain parameters can result in a signal that inhibits the nerve or blocks the propagation of action potentials along the nerve.
  • Many different forms of nerve blocking are known. The present invention is an improvement upon a neural blocking to avoid antidromic influences during stimulation or to otherwise down-regulate nerve activity. Cryogenic nerve blocking of the vagus is described in Dapoigny et al., “Vagal influence on colonic motor activity in conscious nonhuman primates”, Am. J. Physiol., 262: G231-G236 (1992). Electrically induced nerve blocking is described in Van Den Honert, et al., “Generation of Unidirectionally Propagated Action Potentials in a Peripheral Nerve by Brief Stimuli”, Science, Vol. 206, pp. 1311-1312. An electrical nerve block is described in Solomonow, et al., “Control of Muscle Contractile Force through Indirect High-Frequency Stimulation”, Am. J. of Physical Medicine, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 71-82 (1983) and Petrofsky, et al., “Impact of Recruitment Order on Electrode Design for Neural Prosthetics of Skeletal Muscle”, Am. J. of Physical Medicine, Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 243-253 (1981). A neural prosthesis with an electrical nerve block is also described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2002/0055779 A1 to Andrews published May 9, 2002. A cryogenic vagal block and resulting effect on gastric emptying are described in Paterson C A, et al., “Determinants of Occurrence and Volume of Transpyloric Flow During Gastric Emptying of Liquids in Dogs: Importance of Vagal Input”, Dig Dis Sci, (2000); 45:1509-1516.
  • A frequency of the blocking signal is greater than a 200 Hz threshold and, preferably, greater than 500 Hz. Solomonow, et al. “control of muscle contractile force through indirect high-frequency stimulation”, American Journal of Physical Medicine, Volume 62, No. 2, pages 71-82 (1983). Higher frequencies of as high as 5,000 Hz result in more consistent neural conduction block. Kilgore, et al., “Nerve Conduction Block Utilizing High-Frequency Alternating Current”, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, Vol. 24, pp. 394-406 (2004).
  • The nerve conduction block is applied with electrical signals selected to block the entire cross-section of the nerve (for example, both afferent, efferent, myelinated and non-myelinated fibers) at the site of applying the blocking signal (as opposed to selected sub-groups of nerve fibers or just afferent and not efferent or vice versa).
  • c. Use of Neural Blocking in Treatments
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,104 to Wernicke et. al. Dated Feb. 23, 1993 describes sub-selection of fibers in a nerve by selecting a treatment frequency by which blocks certain nerve fiber types in the nerve while stimulating other nerve fiber types. Since certain fibers are stimulated while other fibers are blocked, there is no cross-section inhibition or blocking of the entire nerve and all of its nerve fiber types (for example, both afferent, efferent, myelinated and non-myelinated fibers).
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,684,105 to Cohen et al. dated Jan. 27, 2004 (assigned to Biocontrol Medical Ltd.) teaches collision blocking in which a stimulation signal is applied to a nerves and an appropriately timed stimulus is applied to nerve to create neural impulses which collide with and thereby block propagation of the stimulation signal in a given direction. No therapy is achieved by the blocking. Such blocking avoids adverse side effects associated with permitting the stimulation signal propagating in an undesired direction to an organ not targeted for therapy.
  • U.S. patent application Publ. No. 2002/0055779 A1 published May 9, 2002 describes applying a high frequency block to a sciatic nerve to block undesired neural impulses which would otherwise contribute to spastic movement. With such spasm-inducing signals blocked, a therapy signal is applied to the muscle to stimulated desired muscle contractions. U.S. patent application Publ. No. 2005/0149148 A1 published Jul. 7, 2005 (assigned to Medtronic, Inc.) teaches using a blocking signal to avoid undesired side effect (i.e., pain) otherwise associated with a stimulation signal.
  • The use of a blocking signal as a therapy is described in various patent applications assigned to EnteroMedics, Inc. These applications pertain to use of a conduction block technology to a nerve for a treatment of a variety of disorders. These applications include the following (all filed Sep. 29, 2003): U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/674,330 (published Sep. 2, 2004 as Publication No. US 2004/0172086 A1); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/675,818 (published Sep. 9, 2004 as US Patent Application Publication No. US 2004/0176812 A1) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/674,324 (published Sep. 2, 2004 as US Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0172085 A1). The same assignee is assigned U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/752,994 and 10/752,940 both filed Jan. 6, 2004 with respective publication dates of Aug. 26, 2004 and Sep. 2, 2004, Publication Nos. US 2004/0167583 A1 and 2004/0172088 A1.
  • The foregoing EnteroMedics patent applications describe, in a preferred embodiment, the application of neural conduction block therapy to a vagus nerve alone or in combination with a stimulation of the nerve. The conduction block therapy of the these patent applications includes application of an electrical signal with parameters selected to down-regulate vagal activity by creating conditions in which normal nerve propagation potentials are blocked at the application of the signal on both afferent and efferent nerves fibers of the vagus. Representative treatments described in these applications include the treatment of obesity, pancreatitis, pain, inflammation, functional GI disorders, irritable bowel syndrome and ileus.
  • d. Accommodation
  • Blockage of a nerve can result in nerve accommodation in which other nerve groups assume, in whole in part, the function of the blocked nerve. For example, sub-diaphragm blocking of the vagus nerve may be accommodated by the enteric nervous system. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/881,045 filed Jun. 30, 2004 (published Feb. 17, 2005 as Publication No. US 2005/0038484 A1) (assigned to EnteroMedics, Inc.) notes that a duty cycle of electrical impulses to the nerve to block neural conduction on the nerve can be adjusted between periods of blocking and no blocking in order to vary the amount of down regulation of the vagus nerve as well as preventing accommodation by the enteric nervous system.
  • e. Drug Treatments
  • Many symptoms of Parkinson's disease can be controlled with one of many currently available medications. These are divided into several classes of drugs including dopamine agonists, levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitors, anticholinergic agents, MAO-B inhibitors, and COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) inhibitors. These medications, whether used alone or in combination, not only replace the dopamine that has been lost in the brain, but also slow the rate of dopamine loss in the brain, and/or correct the imbalance between the levels of dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain. While none of these medications are a cure for Parkinson's disease, they can alleviate the symptoms of the disease and help its victims manage the disease.
  • One of the most effective and widely administered medications introduced in the 1970's to relieve symptoms of Parkinson's disease works as a dopamine replacement therapy. This drug is known as Sinemet (generic name of levodopa/carbidopa), its active ingredient being L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). Levodopa is a generic name given to L-DOPA when it is produced as a drug. Unfortunately, dopamine cannot be administered directly to patients because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Hence, L-DOPA, which is the precursor form of dopamine, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and can be converted to dopamine in the brain, is the molecule of choice. However, due to the presence of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADS) in the periphery of the brain, which will convert L-DOPA to dopamine before it crosses the blood brain barrier and prevent its passage to the brain, L-DOPA is administered with carbidopa, an AADS inhibitor. Carbidopa inhibits peripheral AADS action and thus reduces the amount of levodopa needed.
  • During the first few months the medication is administered, its benefits are maximal. However, patients taking Sinemet for a longer period are prone to the “wearing-off” effect, a tendency for the effectiveness of the drug to be lost with time. Hence, the dose of Sinemet will often have to be increased with time. Sometimes an “on-off effect,” where the symptoms become sporadic and unpredictable over a period of time, is also experienced. Moreover, as the dose of the medication is increased, some patients begin to experience side effects due an increase in brain dopamine levels. Some major side effects include anxiety, agitation, dyskinesia, vomiting, low blood pressure, hallucination and nausea (Nadeau 1997). The occurrence of side effects limits the further increase in Sinemet's dosage and at this point, treatment options become limited. Fortunately, carbidopa minimizes the incidence of vomiting and nausea. Furthermore, although levodopa/carbidopa treatment decreases bradykinesia and rigidity, it may not relieve tremor and balance.
  • Sinemet (unlike most medications that are absorbed into blood through the stomach) is absorbed from the small intestine. Anything that delays the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine, such as foods rich in fat and protein, can reduce the amount of the drug absorbed. Moreover, levodopa has a very short plasma half-life. It disappears from the blood in 60 to 90 minutes. Because it is a type of amino acid called a large neutral amino acid (LNAA), it attaches itself during absorption to carrier molecules in the wall of the intestine and is then carried to the blood. Similarly, once in the blood, carrier molecules carry it across the blood-brain barrier. Amino acids such as isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine compete for the carrier with levodopa. Hence, a diet rich in protein can further compete with the Sinemet for entry into the brain. Thus, it is important to carefully evaluate one's diet when taking Sinemet.
  • Another medication that can be used alone or in combination with Sinemet is Eldepryl (generic name of selegeline). Selegeline is classified as a MAO-B inhibitor and is often administered in 5 mg capsules to help keep the Sinemet dose lower over time and therefore extend its administration period. In certain cases, it can delay the need for levodopa therapy by up to a year. By blocking the action of MAO-B, selegeline extends the capabilities of the dopamine in the synapse, delaying the breakdown of naturally occurring dopamine and dopamine administered as L-DOPA. Eldepryl thus slows dopamine loss in the synapse and makes it more likely that a dopamine will reach its corresponding receptor on the receiving nerve cell and transmit the correct message down the dopamine circuit. This is often referred to as dopamine conservation therapy.
  • During the Fourth International Congress of Movement Disorders held in Vienna during the summer of 1996, Eldepryl's benefits when administered in combination with Sinemet were affirmed. In fact, patients taking the drug combination were shown to experience motor fluctuations 1.8 years later on average than those taking only Sinemet. Another advantage of taking Eldepryl is that there is no specific dietary restriction associated with it if taken at the 5 mg dosage. Selegiline is an easy drug to take and has further been shown to protect the dopamine-producing neurons against the toxicity of MPTP. However, selegiline has its drawbacks. Patients have been known to experience side effects such as nausea, orthostatic hypotension and insomnia.
  • Dopamine agonists comprise another general category of drugs. Parlodel (generic name of bromocriptine), Permax (generic name of pergolide) and Symmetrel (generic name of amantadine) are examples. Parlodel and Permax mimic the action of dopamine by interacting with dopamine receptors in a form of dopamine substitution therapy. These two drugs enter the brain directly at dopamine receptor sites and prolong the duration of Sinemet's effects. An advantage of this approach is that it is less likely to cause dyskinesias (the occurrence of abnormal involuntary movements that results from the intake of high doses of L-DOPA). This is because the actual levels of dopamine do not increase in the brain, as is the case with Sinemet. Rather, a substitute form of dopamine is being used. However, these two drugs are less effective than L-DOPA in decreasing bradykinesia and rigidity and induce side effects such as paranoia, hallucinations, confusion, nausea and vomiting.
  • Symmetrel is an anti-viral drug used as a dopamine-releasing therapy in combination with Sinemet. It works by allowing the presynaptic neuron to more easily release dopamine into the synapse. More recently, it has been suggested that Symmetrel acts by binding to glutamate receptors in the subthalamic nucleus to help redress the imbalance in basal ganglia activity due to a deficiency in dopamine in a synergistic manner. Symmetrel is either used alone in the first stages of PD or in combination in the later stages. However, its effectiveness is known to wear off in a third to a half of the patients taking it. Furthermore, it induces side effects such as edema, blurred vision, depression, confusion and mottled skin.
  • Two new drugs, after having undergone extensive clinical trials, were made available in 1997. Requip (generic name of ropinirole) and Mirapex (generic name of pramipexole) are dopamine agonists. They are selective for the dopamine D3 receptor and are selectively targeted toward the basal ganglia. Both Requip and Mirapex can be used alone or with levodopa and both show fewer side effects than other drugs (Lozano et al. 1998).
  • Artane and Cogentine represent yet another class of drugs. They are classified as anti-cholinergic agents and are used to restore the imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine levels in the brain. They work to reduce the activity of acetylcholine and hence reduce the tremor and stiffness of muscle that come about as a result of having more acetylcholine than dopamine in the brain.
  • Until the introduction of L-DOPA, anti-cholinergic agents were the main treatments for Parkinson's disease. Now Artane and Cogentine are usually administered in combination with other medications for their therapeutic effect. While effective, these drugs can also have side effects such as blurred vision, urinary retention, dry mouth, memory loss, and constipation. Hence, they are of limited use to the older population because they can cause serious neuropsychiatric side effects.
  • Tasmar (generic name of tolcapone) is a drug classified as a COMT inhibitor. COMT is a peripheral enzyme that reduces levodopa to a less active form. Tasmar, which became available in February 1998, has a different action than that of the dopamine agonists, in that when COMT activity is blocked, dopamine remains in the brain for a longer period of time. Hence, when administered with levodopa, COMT inhibitors prolong the duration time of Sinem.
  • II. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • A method and apparatus are disclosed for treating a variety of conditions. These include treating a disorder associated with neural activity near a region of a brain. In such condition, the method includes placing an electrode to create a field near said region, creating said field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within said field. For treating a tissue sensation, the method includes identifying a target area of tissue to be treated and placing an electrode to create a field near the target area, and creating the field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within the target area. For treating a condition associated with neural activity of a spinal cord, the method includes placing an electrode to create a field near a nerve associated with the spinal cord, and creating the field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within the nerve.
  • III. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a patient's head and showing an electrode array according to the present invention in phantom lines positioned beneath a skull of the patient;
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of a patient with an electrode patch beneath the skull of the patient and shown in phantom lines with a lead to a control unit positioned in the patient's neck;
  • FIG. 3 is a view of a brain of a patient shown in lateral cross-section and with a patch according to the present invention residing between the skull and the surface of the patient's brain over a cortex of the patient's brain;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of an electrode patch according to the present invention;
  • FIG. 5 is an anterior-posterior, cross-sectional view of a patient's brain showing an alternative embodiment of electrodes placed on a catheter advanced through the ventricle of the brain;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of inside surfaces of an upper arm and forearm and hand of a patient with an alternative embodiment of the present invention positioned surrounding a target area for needle insertion;
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of a section of the electrode patch of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a graphical presentation of representative waveforms according to the present invention for energizing the electrodes of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 9 is an illustration of a patient's finger showing electrodes on the opposite side of a target area at the fingertip of the patient;
  • FIG. 10 illustrates electrodes on mucosal tissue on opposite sides of a tooth to apply a blocking signal;
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-section view of a vertebral body and showing anatomical components and a blocking signal electrode on a dorsal root;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic longitudinal, side-sectional showing of a segment of a spine with a catheter placement of an electrode on a dorsal root; and
  • FIG. 13 is an anterior-posterior schematic representation of a segment of a spine with blocking signal electrodes shown in two positions.
  • IV. DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • With reference now to the various drawing figures in which identical elements are identically numbered, preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described.
  • A. Central Nervous System (CNS) Treatment
  • Certain disorders (e.g., epilepsy and Parkinson's disease and other motor disorders of CNS origin) are believed to be associated with hormonal imbalance.
  • Movement disorders associated with cerebral activity are not fully understood. However, certain disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease are believed to be associated with an imbalance of hormonal production deep within the brain.
  • For example, certain regions deep within the brain produce the hormones glutamate and dopamine. Glutamate enhances conductivity of the nerve cells of the brain while dopamine reduces or inhibits such conductivity.
  • With reference to FIG. 3, dopamine is produced within a region of the brain known as the substantia nigra SN. Glutamate is produced in the thalamus region of the brain, which includes the ventral anterior nucleus VAN, the ventral lateral nucleus VLN and the centromedian nucleus CN. The produced hormones are projected throughout the brain including to the cortex which is the outer region of the brain near the back of the head and illustrated generally by C in FIG. 3.
  • The projection to the cortex C of the glutamate is believed to flow from production of glutamate in the ventral anterior nucleus VAN. Such projection is illustrated by the arrow AG in FIG. 3. The projection of dopamine to the cortex is believed to flow from the substantia nigra SN with such projection illustrated in FIG. 3 by the arrow AD.
  • The presence of dopamine and glutamate in the cortex C alter the conductivity of the nerve cells in the cortex C. Certain motor disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, are believed to be associated with a deficiency of dopamine production which results in excessively enhanced conductivity in the cortex since the enhancing hormone, glutatmate, is disproportionately high relative to the inhibiting conductivity hormone, dopamine.
  • The present invention compensates for hormonal imbalance resulting in excessive conductivity by altering the conductivity at the cortex. The conductivity of the cortex and electrical activity of the cortex controls motor functions of the patient.
  • The present invention is a patch electrode 10, which is placed beneath the skull of the patient between the skull S and the cortex C (FIG. 3). The patch electrode 10 includes a flexible flat substrate 12 of electrically insulating material such as silicone or the like. Exposed on one surface of the substrate 12 are a plurality of electrically conductive electrodes, which, in a preferred embodiment, are arranged in an array of rows and columns.
  • In the specific examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, there is a first row containing electrodes E1, 1 through E1,5. The second row contains five electrodes E2, 1 through E2, 5. The third row contains electrodes E3, 1 through E3, 5. The fourth row contains electrodes E4, 1 through E4, 5. The fifth row contains electrodes E5, 1 through E5, 5. The patch 10 is dimensioned for the array of electrodes to cover at least a portion of the cortex C of the brain and with the electrodes of the array in electrically conductive contact with the cortex C.
  • As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the patch electrode 10 is placed over the cortex beneath the skull on either the left (FIG. 1) or right (FIG. 2) of the brain. In FIG. 1, the top of a patient's head H is shown with an anterior-posterior axis A-P separating the patients' left L and right R sides.
  • As shown in FIG. 2, a lead 16 from the patch electrode 10 may be tunneled between the skull S and the brain B through the base of the skull and terminated at a control unit 20 which may be positioned within the neck or implanted lower in the patient such in the shoulder or clavicle area or the like. The lead 16 is a highly flexible conductor containing individual conductors for each of the electrodes of the array of the patch 10 and encased within a highly flexible insulative material such as silicone or the like.
  • The controller 20 may be an implantable pulse generator (with separate power source such as either rechargeable batteries or replaceable batteries) or may be a control unit, which receives power and pacing signals from an external control unit, which transmits via radio frequency transmission to the controller 20. For the purpose of this description, the controller 20 will be treated as a completely contained controller having both logic circuits and power source. It will be appreciated that such controllers may be also programmable from external programmable sources as is known in the art for controlling implantable pulse generators for cardiac pacing.
  • The circuitry of the controller 20 permits energizing selective ones of the electrodes of the array in bi-polar electrode pairs. For example, electrodes E5, 1 and E4, 2 may be energized with oppositely polarized waveforms to create an electrical field F1 between the electrodes E5, 1 and E4, 2. By oppositely charged waveforms it will be appreciated that electrode E5, 1 is positively charged while E4, 2 is negatively charged and E5, 1 is negatively charged while E4, 2 is positively charged. When the electrode pair E5, 1 and E4, 2 is charged to create the field F1, all remaining electrodes may be inactive or otherwise charged to create more complex electrical fields.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a field F2 created between electrode pairs E2, 2 and E2, 4 and a field F3 between electrode pairs E1, 1 and E5, 5. While multiple electrode pairs may be simultaneously charged, the controller 20 may also control the electrodes so that the waveform applied to the electrodes has a built-in delay period such that a particular electrode pair is not charged and in its delay period, while other electrode pairs are being charged. Accordingly, multiple pairs of electrodes may be charged with the waveforms of the electrode pairs being nested so that only one electrode pair is charged at any one unit of time. An example of a nested set of waveforms will be later described.
  • Preferably, the waveform selected is a blocking waveform to block neuronal activity. For example, the frequency of the field will have a pulse width selected for the generated field to have a frequency in excess of a 200 Hz threshold as described by Solomonow (article previously described) and, more preferably, 5,000 Hz or higher as described in Kilgore (article previously described). A 5,000 Hz signal will have a pulse width of about 100 microseconds. A representative amplitude for such signals would be 0.2 to 8 mA.
  • The effect of applying a blocking signal to the cortex reduces the excessive electrical activity otherwise associated with a dopamine deficiency. Further, the therapy of the present invention is localized to the area of interest, namely, the cortex region of the brain, which contributes to the symptoms of motor disorders. Other regions of the brain are not affected and no systemic drug is given to the patient.
  • The programming of the controller 20 may permit altering the selected individual electrodes, which form an electrode pair. Any two electrodes on the patch 10 may be formed to a pair to create a field between the pair. As a result, at time of placement of the patch 10, the patch need not be precisely placed to achieve an interruption or inhibition of electrical activity in the cortex. Instead, different permutations of coupled electrode pairs may be tested to observe patient response post-surgery.
  • The forgoing has illustrated use of the blocking signals to compensate and down regulate cortex electrical conductivity in response to dopamine deficiency. FIG. 5 illustrates use of stimulation signals to result in localized production of dopamine. In FIG. 5, a catheter 30 is advanced into the ventricles of the brain with a distal tip 32 positioned in the region of the hypothalamus of the brain. The tip 32 includes an electrode pair EA and EB, which form a bi-polar electrode pair. The electrodes are individually electrically connected to a controller (not shown but such as controller 20 previously described) for creating a desired waveform (as will be described). The controller provides the electrodes with either a stimulation signal (for example 20 Hz or any other signal less than 200 Hz) or a blocking signal as previously described. Energizing the electrodes with a stimulation signal can be tested on a particular patient to note any increase in dopamine production and result in cortex activity. Similarly, a blocking signal can be applied to note any reduction in glutamate production.
  • B. Peripheral Nervous System Treatment
  • The use of blocking signals as described may be used to alleviate pain on the surface of the skin for a wide variety of applications. For example, FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a patch 110 which may be placed on the skin surrounding a target area T associated with pain.
  • In the particular illustration of FIG. 6, a patient's required to give blood samples frequently require a needle injection into the interior surface of the arm to insert a needle into a vein between the upper arm UA and the forearm FA. The health care technician's identification of the particular vein for puncture is identified and circled by a target area T in phantom lines in FIG. 6.
  • A patch 110 is a ring-shaped substrate 112 sized to surround the target area T but otherwise permits access to the target area T by a needle (not shown) for drawing blood or the like. An undersurface of the substrate 112 contains diametrically opposite electrode pairs E1, A, E1, B and E2, A, E2, B and E3, A, E3, B. The electrodes are individually electrically connected to a controller (not shown but such as controller 20 previously described) for creating a desired waveform (as will be described). Between the electrodes adhesive layers 114 are provided to secure the patch 110 in place on the patient's skin surrounding the target area T.
  • The individual electrode pairs are bi-polar electrode pairs, which may be provided with a blocking signal as previously described. For example, the electrode pair E1, A, E1, B may be provided with a first waveform W1 illustrated in FIG. 8. The electrode pair E2, A, E2, B may be provided with a second waveform W2 and electrode pairs E3, A, E3, B may be provided with a third waveform W3 in FIG. 8.
  • Each of the waveforms W1, W2 and W3 are identical differing only in their timing. The waveforms are preferably blocking waveforms having a frequency in excess of a few hundred Hz threshold and more preferably having a frequency of about 5,000 Hz. With such a frequency, the waveforms have a pulse duration D of 100 microseconds. Preferably, each cycle of the waveform has a delayed period DP between the pulses with the duration of the delay period DP equal to two complete cycles (i.e., four pulse durations D or 400 microseconds). The amplitude of the pulse A may be any suitable amplitude to encourage current flow between the electrode pairs. To drive current across the skin, higher energy levels are anticipated (e.g., voltages up to about 35 volts and currents up to 25 mA.
  • The waveforms are offset relative to one another so that when any one electrode pair is receiving a pulse, the other electrode pairs are inactive resulting in three nested waveforms as illustrated in FIG. 8. Such waveforms create an electrical field between the diametrically opposed electrodes of a particular pair with the field passing through the target area T to block neuronal activity within the target area. Accordingly, when the electrodes are energized with the blocking signals as described, pain is not sensed during needle insertion into the target area T.
  • It will be appreciated in FIG. 6 the apparatus 110 will further include electrical leads to a control unit both of which are not shown for ease of illustration.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative application where two electrodes E1 E2 are placed on opposite sides of a target area T near the fingertip of a patient's finger F. For ease of illustration, a substrate for the electrodes is not shown. The electrodes are individually electrically connected to a controller (not shown but such as controller 20 previously described) for creating a desired waveform. The application of FIG. 9 is particularly useful for numbing a fingertip prior to lancing the fingertip for a blood sample for periodic blood sugar tests by diabetic patients.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a still further embodiment where electrodes E1 and E2 are placed on opposite sides of the gum of the patient overlying mucosal tissue MT on opposite sides of a tooth T. Application of a blocking signal as previously described to the electrodes creates a blocking field to block nerves within the mucosal tissue for treatment of pain associated with gums or teeth or to precondition the tissue prior to injection of local anesthetics such as Novocain or Lydacain or other procedure occurring at the tissue.
  • C. Spinal Cord Treatment
  • FIGS. 11-13 illustrate application of the present invention to the spinal cord. By way of anatomical background, FIG. 11 shows, in cross section, a spinal cord SC position between an anterior vertebral body AVB and a posterior vertebral body PVB. The patient's anterior-posterior axis A-P is shown separating the patient's right R and left L sides.
  • The spinal cord SC is shown enclosed within a dural layer D with opposing surfaces of the spinal cord SC and the dural D defining a subanachroid space SAS. Extending laterally away from the spinal cord are left and right ventral roots LVR, RVR and right and left dorsal roots RDR, LDR. Also illustrated is a ganglion G. The spinal cord SC is illustrated as having identifiable areas of afferent and efferent fibers including ascending pathways AP areas and descending pathways DP areas.
  • According to the present invention, an electrode E is advanced either through open surgical or minimally invasive techniques into the subanachroid space SAS and positioned on a root such as the right dorsal root RDR. Application of a blocking signal to the electrode E blocks signals such as pain signals from the dorsal root the spinal cord SC. While a single monopolar electrode E is shown in FIG. 11, it will be appreciated that multiple electrodes including bipolar electrodes may be placed on the roots. For spinal treatments, such blocking signal may be as previously described and, preferably, has a frequency in excess of 3,000 Hz and more preferably about 5,000 Hz or more.
  • FIG. 12 is shown in vertical cross section with multiple vertebral bodies and with a spinal cord extending between the vertebral bodies. For ease of schematic illustration, the dorsal roots are shown extending between the anterior bodies. It will be appreciated that such roots extend laterally from the spinal cord.
  • A catheter C is shown in phantom lines for advancing an electrode to a dorsal root for placing the electrode on the dorsal root. The electrode lead extends from the electrode through implantable or external pulse generator as previously described.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an electrode E (the upper electrode E in the view of FIG. 13) placed on a dorsal root either surgically or through catheter delivery as previously described. Further, FIG. 13 shows an electrode E (the lower electrode E in the view of FIG. 13) placed overlying the spinal cord over a target area AP, In the example of FIG. 13, the target area AP is an identified area of ascending pathways for application of a blocking signal to the ascending pathways for blocking transmission of neural signals to the brain. The electrode is supported on a sling S which is mounted on the left and right dorsal roots. It will be appreciated that the electrode so supported can be positioned over any area of the spinal cord to affect any desired area of ascending pathways or descending pathways. The electrodes are individually electrically connected to a controller (not shown but such as controller 20 previously described) for creating a desired waveform.
  • With the foregoing detailed description of the present invention, it has been shown how the objects of the invention have been attained in a preferred manner. Modifications and equivalents of disclosed concepts such as those which might readily occur to one skilled in the art, are intended to be included in the scope of the claims which are appended hereto.

Claims (10)

1. A method of treating a disorder associated with neural activity near a region of a brain, said method comprising:
placing an electrode to create a field near said region, creating said field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within said field.
2. A method according to claim 1 comprising placing said electrode beneath a skull of said patient for said field to at least partially block neural activity within at least a portion of a cortex of said brain.
3. A method according to claim 1 comprising placing said electrode within a ventricle of said brain with said electrode positioned to block neural activity of a portion of said brain associated with hormone production.
4. An apparatus for treating a disorder associated with neural activity near a region of a brain, said apparatus comprising:
a electrode for creating a field near said region, said electrode adapted to be placed near said region
a controller for creating said field at said electrode with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within said field.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said electrode is sized to be placed beneath a skull of said patient for said field to at least partially block neural activity within at least a portion of a cortex of said brain.
6. An apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said electrode is sized to be placed within a ventricle of said brain with said electrode positioned to block neural activity of a portion of said brain associated with hormone production.
7. A method of treating tissue sensation, said method comprising:
identifying a target area of tissue to be treated;
placing an electrode to create a field near said target area, creating said field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within said target area.
8. An apparatus for treating tissue sensation, said method comprising:
an electrode for creating a field near said target area, said electrode adapted to be placed against a tissue surface;
a controller for creating said field at said electrode with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within said field.
9. A method of treating a condition associated with neural activity of a spinal cord, said method comprising:
placing an electrode to create a field near a nerve associated with said spinal cord, creating said field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within said nerve.
10. An apparatus for treating a condition associated with neural activity of a spinal cord, said apparatus comprising:
an electrode to create a field near a nerve associated with said spinal cord, said electrode adapted to be positioned near said spinal cord;
a controller for creating said field with parameters selected to at least partially block neural activity within said nerve.
US11/235,947 2005-09-26 2005-09-26 Neural blocking therapy Abandoned US20070073354A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/235,947 US20070073354A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2005-09-26 Neural blocking therapy
PCT/US2006/036816 WO2007038200A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2006-09-21 Neural blocking therapy
US12/045,394 US8798754B2 (en) 2005-09-26 2008-03-10 Neural blocking therapy
US14/059,246 US20140046419A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2013-10-21 Neural blocking therapy
US14/922,009 US20160144181A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2015-10-23 Neural blocking therapy
US16/286,389 US20190184170A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2019-02-26 Neural blocking therapy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/235,947 US20070073354A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2005-09-26 Neural blocking therapy

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/045,394 Division US8798754B2 (en) 2005-09-26 2008-03-10 Neural blocking therapy
US14/059,246 Continuation US20140046419A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2013-10-21 Neural blocking therapy

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070073354A1 true US20070073354A1 (en) 2007-03-29

Family

ID=37530088

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/235,947 Abandoned US20070073354A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2005-09-26 Neural blocking therapy
US12/045,394 Active 2028-11-15 US8798754B2 (en) 2005-09-26 2008-03-10 Neural blocking therapy
US14/059,246 Abandoned US20140046419A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2013-10-21 Neural blocking therapy
US14/922,009 Abandoned US20160144181A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2015-10-23 Neural blocking therapy
US16/286,389 Pending US20190184170A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2019-02-26 Neural blocking therapy

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/045,394 Active 2028-11-15 US8798754B2 (en) 2005-09-26 2008-03-10 Neural blocking therapy
US14/059,246 Abandoned US20140046419A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2013-10-21 Neural blocking therapy
US14/922,009 Abandoned US20160144181A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2015-10-23 Neural blocking therapy
US16/286,389 Pending US20190184170A1 (en) 2005-09-26 2019-02-26 Neural blocking therapy

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (5) US20070073354A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007038200A1 (en)

Cited By (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080154333A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2008-06-26 Venturi Group, Llc Neural blocking therapy
WO2008142402A1 (en) 2007-05-22 2008-11-27 Ivor Stephen Gillbe Array stimulator
US20090192558A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-07-30 Whitehurst Todd K Methods and systems of treating pancreatitis pain
US20090192557A1 (en) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-30 Whitehurst Todd K Methods and systems of treating pancreatitis pain caused by sphincter of oddi dysfunction
US20090204173A1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-08-13 Zi-Ping Fang Multi-Frequency Neural Treatments and Associated Systems and Methods
WO2009128810A1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2009-10-22 Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York Apparatus and method for neurocranial electrostimulation
US20100191307A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-07-29 Zi-Ping Fang Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US20100274312A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Konstantinos Alataris Spinal cord modulation for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects, and associated systems and methods
US20100274318A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Walker Andre B Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified program selection
US20130204324A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2013-08-08 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
WO2013134667A1 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Modulating afferent signals to treat medical conditions
AU2013202918B2 (en) * 2009-01-29 2013-09-19 Nevro Corporation Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
AU2013205599B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2013-11-14 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8649874B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2014-02-11 Nevro Corporation Extended pain relief via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
AU2013263729B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-02-27 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8676331B2 (en) 2012-04-02 2014-03-18 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including controllers for automated parameter selection
US9289610B2 (en) 2008-05-15 2016-03-22 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Fractionalized stimulation pulses in an implantable stimulator device
AU2014215942B2 (en) * 2007-11-05 2016-08-04 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
US9409019B2 (en) 2009-07-28 2016-08-09 Nevro Corporation Linked area parameter adjustment for spinal cord stimulation and associated systems and methods
US9597521B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2017-03-21 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Transmitting coils for neurostimulation
AU2015201052B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2017-04-13 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9713707B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2017-07-25 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Inhibition of implant migration
US9764146B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2017-09-19 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Extracorporeal implant controllers
US9782589B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2017-10-10 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Implantable electrostimulator for improving blood flow
US9833614B1 (en) 2012-06-22 2017-12-05 Nevro Corp. Autonomic nervous system control via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
US9861812B2 (en) 2012-12-06 2018-01-09 Blue Wind Medical Ltd. Delivery of implantable neurostimulators
US9872990B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2018-01-23 Saluda Medical Pty Limited Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US9895539B1 (en) 2013-06-10 2018-02-20 Nevro Corp. Methods and systems for disease treatment using electrical stimulation
US9974455B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2018-05-22 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd. Method and apparatus for estimating neural recruitment
US10004896B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2018-06-26 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Anchors and implant devices
US10105540B2 (en) 2015-11-09 2018-10-23 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Optimization of application of current
US10124178B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2018-11-13 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Implant and delivery tool therefor
AU2016247208B2 (en) * 2007-11-05 2018-11-29 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
US10149978B1 (en) 2013-11-07 2018-12-11 Nevro Corp. Spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain via short pulse width waveforms, and associated systems and methods
US10206596B2 (en) 2012-11-06 2019-02-19 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and system for controlling electrical conditions of tissue
US10278600B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2019-05-07 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd. Method and apparatus for measurement of neural response
WO2019051392A3 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-06-06 Alacrity, Inc. Methods and apparatus for electrically inducing net macro-current across neuronal cell membranes
US10368762B2 (en) 2014-05-05 2019-08-06 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd. Neural measurement
US10426409B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2019-10-01 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for detecting a neural response in a neural measurement
US10500399B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2019-12-10 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for feedback control of neural stimulation
US10568559B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2020-02-25 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for measurement of neural response
US10588524B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2020-03-17 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for measurement of neural response
US10588698B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2020-03-17 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Implantable electrode positioning
US10632307B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2020-04-28 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Neural stimulation dosing
US10653888B2 (en) 2012-01-26 2020-05-19 Bluewind Medical Ltd Wireless neurostimulators
US10799701B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2020-10-13 Nevro Corp. Systems and methods for identifying and treating patients with high-frequency electrical signals
US10828485B2 (en) 2015-10-06 2020-11-10 Case Western Reserve University High-charge capacity electrodes to deliver direct current nerve conduction block
US10849525B2 (en) 2015-05-31 2020-12-01 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Monitoring brain neural activity
US10864373B2 (en) 2015-12-15 2020-12-15 Case Western Reserve University Systems for treatment of a neurological disorder using electrical nerve conduction block
US10864376B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2020-12-15 Michael Sasha John Systems and methods for improved spinal cord stimulation
WO2021003151A1 (en) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 University Of Pittsburgh - Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Neural block by super-threshold low frequency electrical stimulation
US10894158B2 (en) 2015-04-09 2021-01-19 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Electrode to nerve distance estimation
US10918872B2 (en) 2015-01-19 2021-02-16 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for neural implant communication
US11006846B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2021-05-18 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for detecting a neural response in neural measurements
US11006857B2 (en) 2015-06-01 2021-05-18 Closed Loop Medical Pty Ltd Motor fibre neuromodulation
US11027126B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-06-08 Presidio Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for direct current nerve conduction block
US11033734B2 (en) 2012-06-15 2021-06-15 Case Western Reserve University Treatment of pain using electrical nerve conduction block
US11045651B2 (en) 2015-03-20 2021-06-29 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multimodal electrical modulation of pain
US11090490B2 (en) 2015-03-20 2021-08-17 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multimodal electrical modulation of pain
US11110270B2 (en) 2015-05-31 2021-09-07 Closed Loop Medical Pty Ltd Brain neurostimulator electrode fitting
US11167139B2 (en) 2015-03-20 2021-11-09 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multi modal electrical modulation of pain using composite electromagnetic fields
US11172864B2 (en) 2013-11-15 2021-11-16 Closed Loop Medical Pty Ltd Monitoring brain neural potentials
US11179091B2 (en) 2016-06-24 2021-11-23 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Neural stimulation for reduced artefact
US11191966B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2021-12-07 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Feedback control of neuromodulation
US11213685B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2022-01-04 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Antenna configuration
US11318310B1 (en) 2015-10-26 2022-05-03 Nevro Corp. Neuromodulation for altering autonomic functions, and associated systems and methods
US11376436B2 (en) 2013-05-10 2022-07-05 Case Western Reserve University Systems and methods for preventing noise in an electric waveform for neural stimulation, block, or sensing
US11400299B1 (en) 2021-09-14 2022-08-02 Rainbow Medical Ltd. Flexible antenna for stimulator
US11446504B1 (en) 2016-05-27 2022-09-20 Nevro Corp. High frequency electromagnetic stimulation for modulating cells, including spontaneously active and quiescent cells, and associated systems and methods
US11504527B2 (en) 2012-06-15 2022-11-22 Case Western Reserve University Therapy delivery devices and methods for non-damaging neural tissue conduction block
US11590352B2 (en) 2019-01-29 2023-02-28 Nevro Corp. Ramped therapeutic signals for modulating inhibitory interneurons, and associated systems and methods
US11596798B2 (en) 2016-01-25 2023-03-07 Nevro Corp Treatment of congestive heart failure with electrical stimulation, and associated systems and methods
US11602634B2 (en) 2019-01-17 2023-03-14 Nevro Corp. Sensory threshold adaptation for neurological therapy screening and/or electrode selection, and associated systems and methods
US11633598B2 (en) 2007-03-15 2023-04-25 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Spinal cord stimulation to treat pain
US11730964B2 (en) 2019-11-24 2023-08-22 Presidio Medical, Inc. Pulse generation and stimulation engine systems
US11752329B2 (en) 2018-07-01 2023-09-12 Presidio Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for nerve conduction block
US11813459B2 (en) 2018-02-20 2023-11-14 Presidio Medical, Inc. Methods and systems for nerve conduction block
US11918811B2 (en) 2020-05-06 2024-03-05 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multi modal or multiplexed electrical modulation of pain using composite electromagnetic fields

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2513155C2 (en) 2008-10-01 2014-04-20 Шервин ХУА System and method for spine stabilisation using wired pedicle screw
US9370654B2 (en) 2009-01-27 2016-06-21 Medtronic, Inc. High frequency stimulation to block laryngeal stimulation during vagal nerve stimulation
US8788048B2 (en) * 2010-11-11 2014-07-22 Spr Therapeutics, Llc Systems and methods for the treatment of pain through neural fiber stimulation
US9849025B2 (en) 2012-09-07 2017-12-26 Yale University Brain cooling system
US9919146B2 (en) * 2013-05-01 2018-03-20 Sherwin Hua Methods and systems for intraventricular brain stimulation
US11123565B1 (en) 2016-10-31 2021-09-21 Nevro Corp. Treatment of neurodegenerative disease with high frequency stimulation, and associated systems and methods
US11123549B1 (en) 2017-09-08 2021-09-21 Nevro Corp. Electrical therapy applied to the brain with increased efficacy and/or decreased undesirable side effects, and associated systems and methods
US11116965B2 (en) 2017-12-13 2021-09-14 Neuros Medical, Inc. Nerve cuff deployment devices
BR112020020867A2 (en) 2018-04-09 2021-01-26 Neuros Medical, Inc. apparatus and methods for adjusting electrical dose
US11065461B2 (en) 2019-07-08 2021-07-20 Bioness Inc. Implantable power adapter
AU2021219722A1 (en) 2020-02-11 2022-09-08 Neuros Medical, Inc. System and method for quantifying qualitative patient-reported data sets

Citations (80)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1597601A (en) * 1925-07-10 1926-08-24 John J Kilbride Multiple-valve grinder
US3646940A (en) * 1969-07-15 1972-03-07 Univ Minnesota Implantable electronic stimulator electrode and method
US3817254A (en) * 1972-05-08 1974-06-18 Medtronic Inc Transcutaneous stimulator and stimulation method
US3822708A (en) * 1972-12-07 1974-07-09 Clinical Technology Corp Electrical spinal cord stimulating device and method for management of pain
US3893463A (en) * 1973-12-07 1975-07-08 Medtronic Inc Dual channel stimulator
US4055190A (en) * 1974-12-19 1977-10-25 Michio Tany Electrical therapeutic apparatus
US4315503A (en) * 1976-11-17 1982-02-16 Electro-Biology, Inc. Modification of the growth, repair and maintenance behavior of living tissues and cells by a specific and selective change in electrical environment
US4459989A (en) * 1981-06-30 1984-07-17 Neuromed, Inc. Non-invasive multiprogrammable tissue stimulator and methods for use
US4535777A (en) * 1981-08-20 1985-08-20 Physio Technology, Inc. Method of providing electrical stimulation of tissue
US4702254A (en) * 1983-09-14 1987-10-27 Jacob Zabara Neurocybernetic prosthesis
US5121754A (en) * 1990-08-21 1992-06-16 Medtronic, Inc. Lateral displacement percutaneously inserted epidural lead
US5188104A (en) * 1991-02-01 1993-02-23 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of eating disorders by nerve stimulation
US5229569A (en) * 1990-05-30 1993-07-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Laser machining apparatus and method of the same
US5417719A (en) * 1993-08-25 1995-05-23 Medtronic, Inc. Method of using a spinal cord stimulation lead
US5501703A (en) * 1994-01-24 1996-03-26 Medtronic, Inc. Multichannel apparatus for epidural spinal cord stimulator
US5540730A (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-07-30 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of motility disorders by nerve stimulation
US5562717A (en) * 1992-05-23 1996-10-08 Axelgaard Manufacturing Company, Ltd. Electrical stimulation for treatment of incontinence and other neuromuscular disorders
US5716377A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-02-10 Medtronic, Inc. Method of treating movement disorders by brain stimulation
US5733322A (en) * 1995-05-23 1998-03-31 Medtronic, Inc. Positive fixation percutaneous epidural neurostimulation lead
US5792187A (en) * 1993-02-22 1998-08-11 Angeion Corporation Neuro-stimulation to control pain during cardioversion defibrillation
US5895416A (en) * 1997-03-12 1999-04-20 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling and steering an electric field
US5925070A (en) * 1996-04-04 1999-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for adjusting the locus of excitation of electrically excitable tissue
US5948007A (en) * 1997-04-30 1999-09-07 Medtronic, Inc. Dual channel implantation neurostimulation techniques
US6027456A (en) * 1998-07-10 2000-02-22 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for positioning spinal cord stimulation leads
US6104957A (en) * 1998-08-21 2000-08-15 Alo; Kenneth M. Epidural nerve root stimulation with lead placement method
US6238423B1 (en) * 1997-01-13 2001-05-29 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating chronic constipation
US6246912B1 (en) * 1996-06-27 2001-06-12 Sherwood Services Ag Modulated high frequency tissue modification
US6341236B1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2002-01-22 Ivan Osorio Vagal nerve stimulation techniques for treatment of epileptic seizures
US6356786B1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-03-12 Electrocore Techniques, Llc Method of treating palmar hyperhydrosis by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nervous chain
US6381496B1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2002-04-30 Advanced Bionics Corporation Parameter context switching for an implanted device
US20020055779A1 (en) * 1996-03-05 2002-05-09 Brian J. Andrews Neural prosthesis
US6421566B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2002-07-16 Medtronic, Inc. Selective dorsal column stimulation in SCS, using conditioning pulses
US6438423B1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-08-20 Electrocore Technique, Llc Method of treating complex regional pain syndromes by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve chain
US20020116030A1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-08-22 Rezai Ali R. Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve chain
US6516227B1 (en) * 1999-07-27 2003-02-04 Advanced Bionics Corporation Rechargeable spinal cord stimulator system
US6571127B1 (en) * 1997-07-16 2003-05-27 Impulse Dynamics N.V. Method of increasing the motility of a GI tract
US6600954B2 (en) * 2001-01-25 2003-07-29 Biocontrol Medical Bcm Ltd. Method and apparatus for selective control of nerve fibers
US20030144709A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2003-07-31 Cyberonics, Inc. Nerve stimulation as a treatment for pain
US6609030B1 (en) * 2000-02-24 2003-08-19 Electrocore Techniques, Llc Method of treating psychiatric diseases by neuromodulation within the dorsomedial thalamus
US6609031B1 (en) * 1996-06-07 2003-08-19 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Multiprogrammable tissue stimulator and method
US6610713B2 (en) * 2000-05-23 2003-08-26 North Shore - Long Island Jewish Research Institute Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation
US6622047B2 (en) * 2001-07-28 2003-09-16 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders by near-diaphragmatic nerve stimulation
US6684105B2 (en) * 2001-08-31 2004-01-27 Biocontrol Medical, Ltd. Treatment of disorders by unidirectional nerve stimulation
US20040065394A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-08 Sungwoo Hitech Co., Ltd. Warm hydro-forming method and apparatus for aluminum alloys
US20040073273A1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2004-04-15 Gluckman Bruce J. Adaptive electric field modulation of neural systems
US6754539B1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2004-06-22 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Spinal cord stimulation lead with an anode guard
US20040127953A1 (en) * 2001-02-20 2004-07-01 Kilgore Kevin L. Systems and methods for reversibly blocking nerve activity
US6761715B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2004-07-13 Ronald J. Carroll Method and device for neurocryo analgesia and anesthesia
US20040167584A1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-08-26 Carroll William J. Spinal cord stimulation with interferential current
US20050038490A1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2005-02-17 Biocontrol Medical Ltd. Electrode assembly for nerve control
US20050119713A1 (en) * 2000-08-18 2005-06-02 Whitehurst Todd K. Methods for implanting a spinal cord stimulator
US6928280B1 (en) * 2000-03-20 2005-08-09 Telephia, Inc. Method and system for measuring data quality of service in a wireless network using multiple remote units and a back end processor
US6928320B2 (en) * 2001-05-17 2005-08-09 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus for blocking activation of tissue or conduction of action potentials while other tissue is being therapeutically activated
US20050240242A1 (en) * 1998-08-05 2005-10-27 Dilorenzo Daniel J Closed-loop feedback-driven neuromodulation
US20060041285A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-02-23 Johnson Robert G Portable unit for treating chronic pain
US20060052836A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-09 Kim Daniel H Neurostimulation system
US7047079B2 (en) * 2002-07-26 2006-05-16 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Method and system for energy conservation in implantable stimulation devices
US20060116742A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-06-01 Dirk De Ridder Spinal cord stimulation to treat auditory dysfunction
US7117034B2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2006-10-03 Healthonics, Inc. Apparatus and method for bioelectric stimulation, healing acceleration, pain relief, or pathogen devitalization
US20070021802A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2007-01-25 Medtronic, Inc. Regional therapies for treatment of pain
US20070032827A1 (en) * 2005-08-08 2007-02-08 Katims Jefferson J Method and apparatus for producing therapeutic and diagnostic stimulation
US7177691B2 (en) * 1999-07-30 2007-02-13 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable pulse generators using rechargeable zero-volt technology lithium-ion batteries
US7177690B2 (en) * 1999-07-27 2007-02-13 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable system having rechargeable battery indicator
US20070060954A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2007-03-15 Tracy Cameron Method of using spinal cord stimulation to treat neurological disorders or conditions
US7212865B2 (en) * 2004-05-25 2007-05-01 Philip Cory Nerve stimulator and method
US20070142863A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Kerry Bradley Apparatus and methods for stimulating tissue
US20070150034A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2007-06-28 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical lead
US7260436B2 (en) * 2001-10-16 2007-08-21 Case Western Reserve University Implantable networked neural system
US7263402B2 (en) * 2001-08-13 2007-08-28 Advanced Bionics Corporation System and method of rapid, comfortable parameter switching in spinal cord stimulation
US20070213771A1 (en) * 2006-03-07 2007-09-13 Spinner Robert J Regional anesthetic
US20070239226A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2007-10-11 Advanced Bionics Corporation Gradual Recruitment of Muscle/Neural Excitable Tissue Using High-Rate Electrical Stimulation Parameters
US20080015667A1 (en) * 2006-07-13 2008-01-17 Yossi Gross Peltier unidirectional and selective nerve stimulation
US7333857B2 (en) * 2003-07-18 2008-02-19 Arcl, Inc. Treatment of pain
US20080109045A1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2008-05-08 Yossi Gross Selective nerve fiber stimulation for treating conditions
US20080234791A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-09-25 Jeffrey Edward Arle Spinal cord implant systems and methods
US7502652B2 (en) * 2004-01-22 2009-03-10 Rehabtronics, Inc. Method of routing electrical current to bodily tissues via implanted passive conductors
US20090204173A1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-08-13 Zi-Ping Fang Multi-Frequency Neural Treatments and Associated Systems and Methods
US20100191307A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-07-29 Zi-Ping Fang Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US20100274326A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Yougandh Chitre Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods, including implantable patient leads
US20100274312A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Konstantinos Alataris Spinal cord modulation for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects, and associated systems and methods

Family Cites Families (147)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1597061A (en) 1924-10-20 1926-08-24 James A Cultra Electrotherapeutic appliance
AT165657B (en) 1947-12-08
US3724467A (en) * 1971-04-23 1973-04-03 Avery Labor Inc Electrode implant for the neuro-stimulation of the spinal cord
AT332528B (en) 1974-10-18 1976-10-11 Nemec Hans ELECTROMEDICAL APPARATUS
US4014347A (en) 1975-05-27 1977-03-29 Staodynamics, Inc. Transcutaneous nerve stimulator device and method
US4414986A (en) 1982-01-29 1983-11-15 Medtronic, Inc. Biomedical stimulation lead
CA1215128A (en) 1982-12-08 1986-12-09 Pedro Molina-Negro Electric nerve stimulator device
US4649935A (en) 1984-05-21 1987-03-17 Symtonic Sa Method of treating neurovegetative disorders and apparatus therefor
US4841973A (en) * 1987-09-21 1989-06-27 Stecker Harold D Electrical stimulators
US5002053A (en) 1989-04-21 1991-03-26 University Of Arkansas Method of and device for inducing locomotion by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord
US5335657A (en) 1991-05-03 1994-08-09 Cyberonics, Inc. Therapeutic treatment of sleep disorder by nerve stimulation
GB9302335D0 (en) 1993-02-05 1993-03-24 Macdonald Alexander J R Electrotherapeutic apparatus
US5514175A (en) 1994-11-09 1996-05-07 Cerebral Stimulation, Inc. Auricular electrical stimulator
EP0957982A1 (en) 1995-04-10 1999-11-24 Admir Hadzic Peripheral nerve stimulation device for unassisted nerve blockade
US7393351B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2008-07-01 Arthrocare Corporation Apparatus and methods for treating cervical inter-vertebral discs
US5755758A (en) * 1995-11-07 1998-05-26 Medtronic, Inc. Intramuscular stimulation lead with enhanced infection resistance
US6505078B1 (en) 1996-04-04 2003-01-07 Medtronic, Inc. Technique for adjusting the locus of excitation of electrically excitable tissue
US5707396A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-01-13 Institute National De La Sante De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) Method of arresting degeneration of the substantia nigra by high frequency stimulation of subthalamic nucleus
US5983141A (en) 1996-06-27 1999-11-09 Radionics, Inc. Method and apparatus for altering neural tissue function
US5853373A (en) 1996-08-05 1998-12-29 Becton, Dickinson And Company Bi-level charge pulse apparatus to facilitate nerve location during peripheral nerve block procedures
DE29703641U1 (en) * 1997-02-28 1997-04-24 Metz Albert Blumberger Tel Device for fastening a connection unit in a cable duct
IT1291822B1 (en) 1997-04-08 1999-01-21 Leonardo Cammilli SYSTEM FOR IMPLANTABLE ELECTRIC CARDIAC DEFIBRILLATION WITH ATTENTION OF PAIN RESULTING FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK BY MEANS OF
US5893883A (en) 1997-04-30 1999-04-13 Medtronic, Inc. Portable stimulation screening device for screening therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation on a patient user during normal activities of the patient user
US5836994A (en) 1997-04-30 1998-11-17 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract
US6014588A (en) 1998-04-07 2000-01-11 Fitz; William R. Facet joint pain relief method and apparatus
US6161047A (en) * 1998-04-30 2000-12-12 Medtronic Inc. Apparatus and method for expanding a stimulation lead body in situ
US6319241B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2001-11-20 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for positioning therapy delivery elements within a spinal cord or a brain
US6120467A (en) 1998-04-30 2000-09-19 Medtronic Inc. Spinal cord simulation systems with patient activity monitoring and therapy adjustments
US8626302B2 (en) * 1998-06-03 2014-01-07 Spr Therapeutics, Llc Systems and methods to place one or more leads in muscle for providing electrical stimulation to treat pain
US7890176B2 (en) 1998-07-06 2011-02-15 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Methods and systems for treating chronic pelvic pain
US6002964A (en) 1998-07-15 1999-12-14 Feler; Claudio A. Epidural nerve root stimulation
US7242984B2 (en) * 1998-08-05 2007-07-10 Neurovista Corporation Apparatus and method for closed-loop intracranial stimulation for optimal control of neurological disease
US6161044A (en) 1998-11-23 2000-12-12 Synaptic Corporation Method and apparatus for treating chronic pain syndromes, tremor, dementia and related disorders and for inducing electroanesthesia using high frequency, high intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
US6909917B2 (en) * 1999-01-07 2005-06-21 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable generator having current steering means
US6176242B1 (en) 1999-04-30 2001-01-23 Medtronic Inc Method of treating manic depression by brain infusion
US6167311A (en) 1999-06-14 2000-12-26 Electro Core Techniques, Llc Method of treating psychological disorders by brain stimulation within the thalamus
US6233488B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2001-05-15 Carl A. Hess Spinal cord stimulation as a treatment for addiction to nicotine and other chemical substances
AU1618401A (en) 1999-12-06 2001-06-12 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable device programmer
DK1246665T3 (en) 2000-01-07 2006-01-09 Biowave Corp Electromagnetic Therapy Device
US7082333B1 (en) 2000-04-27 2006-07-25 Medtronic, Inc. Patient directed therapy management
US20020055688A1 (en) * 2000-05-18 2002-05-09 Jefferson Jacob Katims Nervous tissue stimulation device and method
US6526318B1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2003-02-25 Mehdi M. Ansarinia Stimulation method for the sphenopalatine ganglia, sphenopalatine nerve, or vidian nerve for treatment of medical conditions
US20030125786A1 (en) 2000-07-13 2003-07-03 Gliner Bradford Evan Methods and apparatus for effectuating a lasting change in a neural-function of a patient
US6510347B2 (en) 2000-08-17 2003-01-21 William N. Borkan Spinal cord stimulation leads
US6405079B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2002-06-11 Mehdi M. Ansarinia Stimulation method for the dural venous sinuses and adjacent dura for treatment of medical conditions
US6871090B1 (en) 2000-10-13 2005-03-22 Advanced Bionics Corporation Switching regulator for implantable spinal cord stimulation
US6950707B2 (en) * 2000-11-21 2005-09-27 Advanced Bionics Corporation Systems and methods for treatment of obesity and eating disorders by electrical brain stimulation and/or drug infusion
US7493172B2 (en) 2001-01-30 2009-02-17 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corp. Methods and systems for stimulating a nerve originating in an upper cervical spine area to treat a medical condition
US20050143789A1 (en) * 2001-01-30 2005-06-30 Whitehurst Todd K. Methods and systems for stimulating a peripheral nerve to treat chronic pain
US8060208B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2011-11-15 Case Western Reserve University Action potential conduction prevention
WO2002072192A2 (en) 2001-03-08 2002-09-19 Medtronic, Inc. Lead with adjustable angular and spatial relationships between electrodes
US7288062B2 (en) * 2001-11-09 2007-10-30 Michael Spiegel Apparatus for creating therapeutic charge transfer in tissue
US8233991B2 (en) 2002-02-04 2012-07-31 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Method for programming implantable device
US9364281B2 (en) * 2002-03-05 2016-06-14 Avent, Inc. Methods for treating the thoracic region of a patient's body
US7937145B2 (en) * 2002-03-22 2011-05-03 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Dynamic nerve stimulation employing frequency modulation
US7239912B2 (en) 2002-03-22 2007-07-03 Leptos Biomedical, Inc. Electric modulation of sympathetic nervous system
US7236822B2 (en) 2002-03-22 2007-06-26 Leptos Biomedical, Inc. Wireless electric modulation of sympathetic nervous system
US7162303B2 (en) * 2002-04-08 2007-01-09 Ardian, Inc. Renal nerve stimulation method and apparatus for treatment of patients
US7146222B2 (en) * 2002-04-15 2006-12-05 Neurospace, Inc. Reinforced sensing and stimulation leads and use in detection systems
US7024246B2 (en) * 2002-04-26 2006-04-04 Medtronic, Inc Automatic waveform output adjustment for an implantable medical device
US6968237B2 (en) 2002-05-22 2005-11-22 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable coronary sinus lead and lead system
US20050182453A1 (en) 2002-05-24 2005-08-18 Whitehurst Todd K. Treatment of epilepsy by high frequency electrical stimulation and/or drug stimulation
WO2003101533A1 (en) * 2002-05-29 2003-12-11 Oklahoma Foundation For Digestive Research Spinal cord stimulation as treatment for functional bowel disorders
US20040015202A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2004-01-22 Chandler Gilbert S. Combination epidural infusion/stimulation method and system
US7860570B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2010-12-28 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Implantable microstimulators and methods for unidirectional propagation of action potentials
US20040210270A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2004-10-21 John Erickson High frequency pulse generator for an implantable neurostimulator
US7276057B2 (en) 2002-09-06 2007-10-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method, system and device for treating disorders of the pelvic floor by drug delivery to the pudendal and sacral nerves
AU2003284018A1 (en) 2002-10-04 2004-05-04 Microchips, Inc. Medical device for neural stimulation and controlled drug delivery
US20040162590A1 (en) 2002-12-19 2004-08-19 Whitehurst Todd K. Fully implantable miniature neurostimulator for intercostal nerve stimulation as a therapy for angina pectoris
EP1587576A2 (en) * 2003-01-03 2005-10-26 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems Inc. SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR STIMULATION OF A PERSON’S BRAIN STEM
US7844338B2 (en) * 2003-02-03 2010-11-30 Enteromedics Inc. High frequency obesity treatment
US7444183B2 (en) 2003-02-03 2008-10-28 Enteromedics, Inc. Intraluminal electrode apparatus and method
US20040172084A1 (en) 2003-02-03 2004-09-02 Knudson Mark B. Method and apparatus for treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
US7266412B2 (en) 2003-04-22 2007-09-04 Medtronic, Inc. Generation of multiple neurostimulation therapy programs
US7463928B2 (en) 2003-04-25 2008-12-09 Medtronic, Inc. Identifying combinations of electrodes for neurostimulation therapy
US7107104B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2006-09-12 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable cortical neural lead and method
US7149574B2 (en) 2003-06-09 2006-12-12 Palo Alto Investors Treatment of conditions through electrical modulation of the autonomic nervous system
US20050038489A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2005-02-17 Grill Warren M. Electrode array for use in medical stimulation and methods thereof
US7252090B2 (en) 2003-09-15 2007-08-07 Medtronic, Inc. Selection of neurostimulator parameter configurations using neural network
US8396565B2 (en) * 2003-09-15 2013-03-12 Medtronic, Inc. Automatic therapy adjustments
US20050153885A1 (en) 2003-10-08 2005-07-14 Yun Anthony J. Treatment of conditions through modulation of the autonomic nervous system
EP1694403A2 (en) * 2003-11-20 2006-08-30 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Electrical stimulation system, lead, and method providing reduced neuroplasticity effects
US20060161219A1 (en) 2003-11-20 2006-07-20 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Electrical stimulation system and method for stimulating multiple locations of target nerve tissue in the brain to treat multiple conditions in the body
US7744553B2 (en) 2003-12-16 2010-06-29 Baxter International Inc. Medical fluid therapy flow control systems and methods
US7676269B2 (en) * 2003-12-29 2010-03-09 Palo Alto Investors Treatment of female fertility conditions through modulation of the autonomic nervous system
US20100016929A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2010-01-21 Arthur Prochazka Method and system for controlled nerve ablation
WO2005082453A1 (en) 2004-02-25 2005-09-09 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. System and method for neurological stimulation of peripheral nerves to treat low back pain
US20060004422A1 (en) * 2004-03-11 2006-01-05 Dirk De Ridder Electrical stimulation system and method for stimulating tissue in the brain to treat a neurological condition
US7177702B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2007-02-13 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Collapsible/expandable electrode leads
WO2005101627A1 (en) 2004-04-12 2005-10-27 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Fractional voltage converter
WO2005102449A1 (en) 2004-04-14 2005-11-03 Medtronic, Inc. Collecting posture and activity information to evaluate therapy
US8224459B1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2012-07-17 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Insertion tool for paddle-style electrode
GB0411610D0 (en) 2004-05-24 2004-06-30 Bioinduction Ltd Electrotherapy apparatus
WO2008153726A2 (en) 2007-05-22 2008-12-18 Ndi Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for the treatment of bladder dysfunctions using neuromodulation stimulation
US8082038B2 (en) * 2004-07-09 2011-12-20 Ebi, Llc Method for treating degenerative disc disease using noninvasive capacitively coupled electrical stimulation device
US8214047B2 (en) * 2004-09-27 2012-07-03 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Method of using spinal cord stimulation to treat gastrointestinal and/or eating disorders or conditions
US7761170B2 (en) 2004-10-21 2010-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical lead with axially oriented coiled wire conductors
US20060161235A1 (en) 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Multiple lead stimulation system and method
US8774912B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2014-07-08 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable neurostimulator supporting trial and chronic modes
WO2006110206A1 (en) 2005-04-11 2006-10-19 Medtronic, Inc. Shifting between electrode combinations in electrical stimulation device
EP1904173B8 (en) * 2005-06-09 2016-06-08 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device with electrodes on multiple housing surfaces
US20070021803A1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-25 The Foundry Inc. Systems and methods for neuromodulation for treatment of pain and other disorders associated with nerve conduction
US7672727B2 (en) * 2005-08-17 2010-03-02 Enteromedics Inc. Neural electrode treatment
US7725194B2 (en) * 2005-08-30 2010-05-25 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Telemetry-based wake up of an implantable medical device
US20070073354A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-03-29 Knudson Mark B Neural blocking therapy
AU2007207297B2 (en) 2006-01-23 2011-12-22 2249020 Alberta Ltd. Method of routing electrical current to bodily tissues via implanted passive conductors
WO2007087626A2 (en) 2006-01-26 2007-08-02 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Method of neurosimulation of distinct neural structures using single paddle lead
US7809443B2 (en) 2006-01-31 2010-10-05 Medtronic, Inc. Electrical stimulation to alleviate chronic pelvic pain
US7689289B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2010-03-30 Medtronic, Inc. Technique for adjusting the locus of excitation of electrically excitable tissue with paired pulses
EP2004281B1 (en) 2006-04-07 2017-05-17 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation System using multiple timing channels for electrode adjustment during set up of an implanted stimulator device
GB0614777D0 (en) 2006-07-25 2006-09-06 Gilbe Ivor S Method of charging implanted devices by direct transfer of electrical energy
US8620422B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2013-12-31 Cvrx, Inc. Electrode array structures and methods of use for cardiovascular reflex control
US20080091255A1 (en) 2006-10-11 2008-04-17 Cardiac Pacemakers Implantable neurostimulator for modulating cardiovascular function
US9713706B2 (en) * 2006-10-31 2017-07-25 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical elongated member including intermediate fixation
US8244378B2 (en) 2007-01-30 2012-08-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Spiral configurations for intravascular lead stability
US7949403B2 (en) 2007-02-27 2011-05-24 Accelerated Care Plus Corp. Electrical stimulation device and method for the treatment of neurological disorders
US8224453B2 (en) 2007-03-15 2012-07-17 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Spinal cord stimulation to treat pain
US8180445B1 (en) 2007-03-30 2012-05-15 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Use of interphase to incrementally adjust the volume of activated tissue
US8364273B2 (en) 2007-04-24 2013-01-29 Dirk De Ridder Combination of tonic and burst stimulations to treat neurological disorders
US7742810B2 (en) 2007-05-23 2010-06-22 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Short duration pre-pulsing to reduce stimulation-evoked side-effects
WO2009018518A1 (en) 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 University Of Pittsburgh-Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Methods and systems for achieving a physiological response by pudendal nerve stimulation and bockade
US7877136B1 (en) 2007-09-28 2011-01-25 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Enhancement of neural signal transmission through damaged neural tissue via hyperpolarizing electrical stimulation current
WO2009051965A1 (en) * 2007-10-14 2009-04-23 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System A wireless neural recording and stimulating system for pain management
JP5425795B2 (en) 2007-10-29 2014-02-26 ケース ウェスタン リザーブ ユニバーシティ Initial motion relaxation high frequency nerve block
US20090132010A1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-21 Kronberg James W System and method for generating complex bioelectric stimulation signals while conserving power
US8170683B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2012-05-01 Ethicon, Inc. Dermatome stimulation devices and methods
ATE531421T1 (en) 2008-01-31 2011-11-15 Medtronic Inc ELECTRODE-LEAD CONNECTION WITH POST-IMPLANTATION IMAGING
US9220889B2 (en) 2008-02-11 2015-12-29 Intelect Medical, Inc. Directional electrode devices with locating features
WO2009137120A1 (en) 2008-05-09 2009-11-12 Medtronic, Inc. Programming techniques for peripheral nerve filed stimulation
US20090326602A1 (en) 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Arkady Glukhovsky Treatment of indications using electrical stimulation
US9662045B2 (en) 2008-07-11 2017-05-30 Medtronic, Inc. Generation of sleep quality information based on posture state data
US8280515B2 (en) 2008-09-16 2012-10-02 Joshua Greenspan Occipital neuromodulation
US8843202B2 (en) 2008-09-16 2014-09-23 Joshua Greenspan Occipital neuromodulation method
WO2010062622A2 (en) 2008-10-27 2010-06-03 Spinal Modulation, Inc. Selective stimulation systems and signal parameters for medical conditions
US8504160B2 (en) * 2008-11-14 2013-08-06 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation System and method for modulating action potential propagation during spinal cord stimulation
EP2411091A4 (en) 2009-03-24 2012-09-12 Spinal Modulation Inc Pain management with stimulation subthreshold to paresthesia
US9764147B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2017-09-19 Medtronic, Inc. Charge-based stimulation intensity programming with pulse amplitude and width adjusted according to a function
US9463323B2 (en) 2009-06-18 2016-10-11 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Spatially selective nerve stimulation in high-frequency nerve conduction block and recruitment
US8812115B2 (en) * 2009-07-10 2014-08-19 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation System and method for reducing excitability of dorsal root fiber by introducing stochastic background noise
US9737703B2 (en) * 2009-07-10 2017-08-22 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Method to enhance afferent and efferent transmission using noise resonance
US8452417B2 (en) * 2009-07-23 2013-05-28 Rosa M. Navarro System and method for treating pain with peripheral and spinal neuromodulation
US8498710B2 (en) 2009-07-28 2013-07-30 Nevro Corporation Linked area parameter adjustment for spinal cord stimulation and associated systems and methods
US8731675B2 (en) 2010-10-06 2014-05-20 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Neurostimulation system and method for providing therapy to patient with minimal side effects
DE112011103620T5 (en) 2010-10-26 2013-08-14 Barnes & Noble, Inc. A system and method for facilitating the distribution of digital content using contact lists
US9649494B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2017-05-16 Medtronic, Inc. Electrical stimulation therapy based on head position
AU2012304370B2 (en) 2011-09-08 2016-01-28 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8676331B2 (en) 2012-04-02 2014-03-18 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including controllers for automated parameter selection

Patent Citations (99)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1597601A (en) * 1925-07-10 1926-08-24 John J Kilbride Multiple-valve grinder
US3646940A (en) * 1969-07-15 1972-03-07 Univ Minnesota Implantable electronic stimulator electrode and method
US3817254A (en) * 1972-05-08 1974-06-18 Medtronic Inc Transcutaneous stimulator and stimulation method
US3822708A (en) * 1972-12-07 1974-07-09 Clinical Technology Corp Electrical spinal cord stimulating device and method for management of pain
US3893463A (en) * 1973-12-07 1975-07-08 Medtronic Inc Dual channel stimulator
US4055190A (en) * 1974-12-19 1977-10-25 Michio Tany Electrical therapeutic apparatus
US4315503A (en) * 1976-11-17 1982-02-16 Electro-Biology, Inc. Modification of the growth, repair and maintenance behavior of living tissues and cells by a specific and selective change in electrical environment
US4459989A (en) * 1981-06-30 1984-07-17 Neuromed, Inc. Non-invasive multiprogrammable tissue stimulator and methods for use
US4535777A (en) * 1981-08-20 1985-08-20 Physio Technology, Inc. Method of providing electrical stimulation of tissue
US4702254A (en) * 1983-09-14 1987-10-27 Jacob Zabara Neurocybernetic prosthesis
US5229569A (en) * 1990-05-30 1993-07-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Laser machining apparatus and method of the same
US5121754A (en) * 1990-08-21 1992-06-16 Medtronic, Inc. Lateral displacement percutaneously inserted epidural lead
US5188104A (en) * 1991-02-01 1993-02-23 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of eating disorders by nerve stimulation
US5562717A (en) * 1992-05-23 1996-10-08 Axelgaard Manufacturing Company, Ltd. Electrical stimulation for treatment of incontinence and other neuromuscular disorders
US5792187A (en) * 1993-02-22 1998-08-11 Angeion Corporation Neuro-stimulation to control pain during cardioversion defibrillation
US5417719A (en) * 1993-08-25 1995-05-23 Medtronic, Inc. Method of using a spinal cord stimulation lead
US5501703A (en) * 1994-01-24 1996-03-26 Medtronic, Inc. Multichannel apparatus for epidural spinal cord stimulator
US5643330A (en) * 1994-01-24 1997-07-01 Medtronic, Inc. Multichannel apparatus for epidural spinal cord stimulation
US5733322A (en) * 1995-05-23 1998-03-31 Medtronic, Inc. Positive fixation percutaneous epidural neurostimulation lead
US5540730A (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-07-30 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of motility disorders by nerve stimulation
US20020055779A1 (en) * 1996-03-05 2002-05-09 Brian J. Andrews Neural prosthesis
US20040093093A1 (en) * 1996-03-05 2004-05-13 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Neural prosthesis
US5925070A (en) * 1996-04-04 1999-07-20 Medtronic, Inc. Techniques for adjusting the locus of excitation of electrically excitable tissue
US5716377A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-02-10 Medtronic, Inc. Method of treating movement disorders by brain stimulation
US6609031B1 (en) * 1996-06-07 2003-08-19 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Multiprogrammable tissue stimulator and method
US6246912B1 (en) * 1996-06-27 2001-06-12 Sherwood Services Ag Modulated high frequency tissue modification
US6238423B1 (en) * 1997-01-13 2001-05-29 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating chronic constipation
US5895416A (en) * 1997-03-12 1999-04-20 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling and steering an electric field
US5948007A (en) * 1997-04-30 1999-09-07 Medtronic, Inc. Dual channel implantation neurostimulation techniques
US6571127B1 (en) * 1997-07-16 2003-05-27 Impulse Dynamics N.V. Method of increasing the motility of a GI tract
US20040044379A1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2004-03-04 Medtronic, Inc. Selective dorsal column stimulation in SCS, using conditioning pulses
US6675046B2 (en) * 1998-04-30 2004-01-06 Medtronic, Inc. Selective dorsal column stimulation in SCS, using conditioning pulses
US6421566B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2002-07-16 Medtronic, Inc. Selective dorsal column stimulation in SCS, using conditioning pulses
US6027456A (en) * 1998-07-10 2000-02-22 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for positioning spinal cord stimulation leads
US20050240242A1 (en) * 1998-08-05 2005-10-27 Dilorenzo Daniel J Closed-loop feedback-driven neuromodulation
US6104957A (en) * 1998-08-21 2000-08-15 Alo; Kenneth M. Epidural nerve root stimulation with lead placement method
US6341236B1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2002-01-22 Ivan Osorio Vagal nerve stimulation techniques for treatment of epileptic seizures
US6587727B2 (en) * 1999-04-30 2003-07-01 Ivan Osorio Vagal nerve stimulation techniques for treatment of epileptic seizures
US20050107841A1 (en) * 1999-07-27 2005-05-19 Meadows Paul M. Rechargeable spinal cord stimulator system
US6895280B2 (en) * 1999-07-27 2005-05-17 Advanced Bionics Corporation Rechargeable spinal cord stimulator system
US6516227B1 (en) * 1999-07-27 2003-02-04 Advanced Bionics Corporation Rechargeable spinal cord stimulator system
US7177690B2 (en) * 1999-07-27 2007-02-13 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable system having rechargeable battery indicator
US7177691B2 (en) * 1999-07-30 2007-02-13 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable pulse generators using rechargeable zero-volt technology lithium-ion batteries
US6381496B1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2002-04-30 Advanced Bionics Corporation Parameter context switching for an implanted device
US20040073273A1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2004-04-15 Gluckman Bruce J. Adaptive electric field modulation of neural systems
US6356786B1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-03-12 Electrocore Techniques, Llc Method of treating palmar hyperhydrosis by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nervous chain
US6438423B1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-08-20 Electrocore Technique, Llc Method of treating complex regional pain syndromes by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve chain
US20020116030A1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-08-22 Rezai Ali R. Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve chain
US6609030B1 (en) * 2000-02-24 2003-08-19 Electrocore Techniques, Llc Method of treating psychiatric diseases by neuromodulation within the dorsomedial thalamus
US6928280B1 (en) * 2000-03-20 2005-08-09 Telephia, Inc. Method and system for measuring data quality of service in a wireless network using multiple remote units and a back end processor
US6610713B2 (en) * 2000-05-23 2003-08-26 North Shore - Long Island Jewish Research Institute Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation
US6754539B1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2004-06-22 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Spinal cord stimulation lead with an anode guard
US20050119713A1 (en) * 2000-08-18 2005-06-02 Whitehurst Todd K. Methods for implanting a spinal cord stimulator
US6600954B2 (en) * 2001-01-25 2003-07-29 Biocontrol Medical Bcm Ltd. Method and apparatus for selective control of nerve fibers
US20040127953A1 (en) * 2001-02-20 2004-07-01 Kilgore Kevin L. Systems and methods for reversibly blocking nerve activity
US7389145B2 (en) * 2001-02-20 2008-06-17 Case Western Reserve University Systems and methods for reversibly blocking nerve activity
US6761715B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2004-07-13 Ronald J. Carroll Method and device for neurocryo analgesia and anesthesia
US20080058888A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2008-03-06 King Gary W Method For Blocking Activation Of Tissue Or Conduction Of Action Potentials While Other Tissue Is Being Therapeutically Activated
US20080058878A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2008-03-06 Medtronic, Inc. Therapeutic method with pain relief
US6928320B2 (en) * 2001-05-17 2005-08-09 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus for blocking activation of tissue or conduction of action potentials while other tissue is being therapeutically activated
US6622047B2 (en) * 2001-07-28 2003-09-16 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders by near-diaphragmatic nerve stimulation
US7263402B2 (en) * 2001-08-13 2007-08-28 Advanced Bionics Corporation System and method of rapid, comfortable parameter switching in spinal cord stimulation
US20070244522A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2007-10-18 Advanced Bionics Corporation Gradual Recruitment of Muscle/Neural Excitable Tissue Using High-Rate Electrical Stimulation Parameters
US20070239226A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2007-10-11 Advanced Bionics Corporation Gradual Recruitment of Muscle/Neural Excitable Tissue Using High-Rate Electrical Stimulation Parameters
US20080109045A1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2008-05-08 Yossi Gross Selective nerve fiber stimulation for treating conditions
US6684105B2 (en) * 2001-08-31 2004-01-27 Biocontrol Medical, Ltd. Treatment of disorders by unidirectional nerve stimulation
US20050038490A1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2005-02-17 Biocontrol Medical Ltd. Electrode assembly for nerve control
US7260436B2 (en) * 2001-10-16 2007-08-21 Case Western Reserve University Implantable networked neural system
US20030144709A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2003-07-31 Cyberonics, Inc. Nerve stimulation as a treatment for pain
US7047079B2 (en) * 2002-07-26 2006-05-16 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Method and system for energy conservation in implantable stimulation devices
US20040065394A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-08 Sungwoo Hitech Co., Ltd. Warm hydro-forming method and apparatus for aluminum alloys
US20040167584A1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-08-26 Carroll William J. Spinal cord stimulation with interferential current
US7117034B2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2006-10-03 Healthonics, Inc. Apparatus and method for bioelectric stimulation, healing acceleration, pain relief, or pathogen devitalization
US7333857B2 (en) * 2003-07-18 2008-02-19 Arcl, Inc. Treatment of pain
US7502652B2 (en) * 2004-01-22 2009-03-10 Rehabtronics, Inc. Method of routing electrical current to bodily tissues via implanted passive conductors
US7212865B2 (en) * 2004-05-25 2007-05-01 Philip Cory Nerve stimulator and method
US20060041285A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-02-23 Johnson Robert G Portable unit for treating chronic pain
US7502651B2 (en) * 2004-09-08 2009-03-10 Spinal Modulation, Inc. Methods for stimulating a dorsal root ganglion
US7337005B2 (en) * 2004-09-08 2008-02-26 Spinal Modulations, Inc. Methods for stimulating a nerve root ganglion
US20060052836A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-09 Kim Daniel H Neurostimulation system
US20060052826A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-09 Kim Daniel H Pulse generator for high impedance electrodes
US7337006B2 (en) * 2004-09-08 2008-02-26 Spinal Modulation, Inc. Methods and systems for modulating neural tissue
US20060116742A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2006-06-01 Dirk De Ridder Spinal cord stimulation to treat auditory dysfunction
US20070060954A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2007-03-15 Tracy Cameron Method of using spinal cord stimulation to treat neurological disorders or conditions
US20070150034A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2007-06-28 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical lead
US20070039625A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2007-02-22 Medtronic, Inc. Regional therapies for treatment of pain
US20070021802A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2007-01-25 Medtronic, Inc. Regional therapies for treatment of pain
US20070021801A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2007-01-25 Medtronic, Inc. Regional therapies for treatment of pain
US20070032827A1 (en) * 2005-08-08 2007-02-08 Katims Jefferson J Method and apparatus for producing therapeutic and diagnostic stimulation
US20070142863A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Kerry Bradley Apparatus and methods for stimulating tissue
US20070213771A1 (en) * 2006-03-07 2007-09-13 Spinner Robert J Regional anesthetic
US20080015667A1 (en) * 2006-07-13 2008-01-17 Yossi Gross Peltier unidirectional and selective nerve stimulation
US20080234791A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-09-25 Jeffrey Edward Arle Spinal cord implant systems and methods
US20090204173A1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-08-13 Zi-Ping Fang Multi-Frequency Neural Treatments and Associated Systems and Methods
US20100191307A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-07-29 Zi-Ping Fang Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US20100274326A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Yougandh Chitre Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods, including implantable patient leads
US20100274314A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Konstantinos Alataris Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20100274315A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Konstantinos Alataris Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods, including practitioner processes
US20100274312A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Konstantinos Alataris Spinal cord modulation for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects, and associated systems and methods

Cited By (257)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11786738B1 (en) 2005-01-21 2023-10-17 Michael Sasha John Systems and methods for improved spinal cord stimulation
US11779767B1 (en) 2005-01-21 2023-10-10 Michael Sasha John Systems and methods for improved spinal cord stimulation
US10994144B1 (en) 2005-01-21 2021-05-04 Michael Sasha John Systems and methods for improved spinal cord stimulation
US10864376B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2020-12-15 Michael Sasha John Systems and methods for improved spinal cord stimulation
US11253705B1 (en) 2005-01-21 2022-02-22 Michael Sasha John Systems and methods for improved spinal cord stimulation
US11198007B1 (en) 2005-01-21 2021-12-14 Michael Sasha John Systems and methods for improved spinal cord stimulation
US8798754B2 (en) 2005-09-26 2014-08-05 Venturi Group, Llc Neural blocking therapy
US20080154333A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2008-06-26 Venturi Group, Llc Neural blocking therapy
US11633598B2 (en) 2007-03-15 2023-04-25 Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. Spinal cord stimulation to treat pain
WO2008142402A1 (en) 2007-05-22 2008-11-27 Ivor Stephen Gillbe Array stimulator
US20100152817A1 (en) * 2007-05-22 2010-06-17 Ivor Stephen Gillbe Array Stimulator
CN101687093A (en) * 2007-05-22 2010-03-31 艾弗·斯蒂芬·吉尔贝 Array stimulator
GB2449546B (en) * 2007-05-22 2010-01-27 Ivor Stephen Gillbe Array stimulator
US8612018B2 (en) 2007-05-22 2013-12-17 Ivor Stephen Gillbe Array stimulator
AU2014215942B2 (en) * 2007-11-05 2016-08-04 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
AU2016247208B2 (en) * 2007-11-05 2018-11-29 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
US8768472B2 (en) 2007-11-05 2014-07-01 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
EP2207587B1 (en) 2007-11-05 2015-04-08 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
US20090204173A1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-08-13 Zi-Ping Fang Multi-Frequency Neural Treatments and Associated Systems and Methods
AU2021202187B2 (en) * 2007-11-05 2023-07-13 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
US20130211487A1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2013-08-15 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
EP3156099B1 (en) 2007-11-05 2018-06-13 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems
US8774926B2 (en) 2007-11-05 2014-07-08 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
AU2019201361B2 (en) * 2007-11-05 2021-01-28 Nevro Corporation Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
US20180200506A1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2018-07-19 Nevro Corp. Multi-frequency neural treatments and associated systems and methods
US8914112B2 (en) 2008-01-23 2014-12-16 Boston Scienctific Neuromodulation Corporation Methods and systems of treating pancreatitis pain caused by sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
US20090192557A1 (en) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-30 Whitehurst Todd K Methods and systems of treating pancreatitis pain caused by sphincter of oddi dysfunction
US8676322B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2014-03-18 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Methods and systems of treating pancreatitis pain
US20090192558A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-07-30 Whitehurst Todd K Methods and systems of treating pancreatitis pain
US20110144716A1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2011-06-16 Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York Apparatus and Method for Neurocranial Electrostimulation
US8718778B2 (en) * 2008-04-15 2014-05-06 Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York Apparatus and method for neurocranial electrostimulation
WO2009128810A1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2009-10-22 Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York Apparatus and method for neurocranial electrostimulation
US9393423B2 (en) 2008-05-15 2016-07-19 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Fractionalized stimulation pulses in an implantable stimulator device
US9782593B2 (en) 2008-05-15 2017-10-10 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Fractionalized stimulation pulses in an implantable stimulator device
US10293166B2 (en) 2008-05-15 2019-05-21 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Fractionalized stimulation pulses in an implantable stimulator device
US9289610B2 (en) 2008-05-15 2016-03-22 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Fractionalized stimulation pulses in an implantable stimulator device
US8509906B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2013-08-13 Nevro Corporation Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US9403013B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2016-08-02 Nevro Corporation Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
AU2013202918B2 (en) * 2009-01-29 2013-09-19 Nevro Corporation Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US10918867B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2021-02-16 Nevro Corp. Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
WO2010088417A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-05 Nevro Corporation Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US8255057B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2012-08-28 Nevro Corporation Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US8849410B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2014-09-30 Nevro Corporation Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US10173065B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2019-01-08 Nevro Corp. Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US11883670B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2024-01-30 Nevro Corp. Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US20100191307A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-07-29 Zi-Ping Fang Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US10179241B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2019-01-15 Nevro Corp. Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US20160287873A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2016-10-06 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20130204322A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2013-08-08 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8718781B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-05-06 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8694108B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-04-08 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified controllers
US8718782B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-05-06 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8694109B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-04-08 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
AU2013263724B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-03-20 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8792988B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-07-29 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US11229793B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2022-01-25 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8838248B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-09-16 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified program selection
AU2013263729B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-02-27 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8862239B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-10-14 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8868192B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-10-21 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8874222B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-10-28 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8874221B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-10-28 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8874217B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-10-28 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8880177B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-11-04 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8886326B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-11-11 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8886327B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-11-11 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8886328B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2014-11-11 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8892209B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-11-18 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US11229792B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2022-01-25 Nevro Corp. Spinal cord modulation for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects, and associated systems and methods
US20150045854A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2015-02-12 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
AU2013263726B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2015-02-12 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20150051664A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2015-02-19 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8989865B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2015-03-24 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20100274312A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Konstantinos Alataris Spinal cord modulation for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects, and associated systems and methods
AU2013205599B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2013-11-14 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20150142076A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2015-05-21 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20100274318A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Walker Andre B Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified program selection
KR20160010644A (en) * 2009-04-22 2016-01-27 네브로 코포레이션 Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9248293B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2016-02-02 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified program selection
AU2020200432B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2021-10-28 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20100274317A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Jon Parker Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified contact selection
US20100274316A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Konstantinos Alataris Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified controllers
US8554326B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-10-08 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20100274314A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Konstantinos Alataris Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
KR101612985B1 (en) 2009-04-22 2016-04-15 네브로 코포레이션 Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9327126B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2016-05-03 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9327127B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2016-05-03 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9327125B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2016-05-03 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8170675B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2012-05-01 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9333359B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2016-05-10 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9333360B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2016-05-10 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9333358B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2016-05-10 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9333357B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2016-05-10 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9387327B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2016-07-12 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
CN106390283B (en) * 2009-04-22 2023-01-06 内弗洛公司 Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation with reduced side effects for pain suppression, and related systems and methods
EP2756864B1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2023-03-15 Nevro Corporation Spinal cord modulation systems for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects
US8209021B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2012-06-26 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10603494B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2020-03-31 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20160287874A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2016-10-06 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20160287888A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2016-10-06 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8509905B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-08-13 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20120203303A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2012-08-09 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20160287872A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2016-10-06 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20160303374A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2016-10-20 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9480842B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2016-11-01 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
EP3097946A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2016-11-30 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems
CN106390283A (en) * 2009-04-22 2017-02-15 内弗洛公司 Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9592388B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2017-03-14 Nevro Corp. Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified contact selection
EP2586488B1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2017-03-15 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems
KR102072267B1 (en) 2009-04-22 2020-01-31 네브로 코포레이션 Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US11759638B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2023-09-19 Nevro Corp. Spinal cord modulation for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects, and associated systems and methods
AU2015201052B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2017-04-13 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10493275B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2019-12-03 Nevro Corp. Spinal cord modulation for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects, and associated systems and methods
US10471258B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2019-11-12 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
AU2017204827B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2017-10-05 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10463857B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2019-11-05 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8355792B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-01-15 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
EP3228350A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2017-10-11 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10413729B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2019-09-17 Nevro Corp. Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified contact selection
US11786731B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2023-10-17 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8359102B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2013-01-22 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8359103B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-01-22 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10245433B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2019-04-02 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9993645B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2018-06-12 Nevro Corp. Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified program selection
US8712533B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2014-04-29 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10226626B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2019-03-12 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20130172955A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2013-07-04 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
EP4257178A3 (en) * 2009-04-22 2023-10-25 Nevro Corporation Spinal cord modulation systems for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects
US10220208B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2019-03-05 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8428748B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-04-23 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10220209B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2019-03-05 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US8423147B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-04-16 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified controllers
US8396559B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-03-12 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10195433B2 (en) * 2009-04-22 2019-02-05 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9409019B2 (en) 2009-07-28 2016-08-09 Nevro Corporation Linked area parameter adjustment for spinal cord stimulation and associated systems and methods
US9180298B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2015-11-10 Nevro Corp. Extended pain relief via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
US8649874B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2014-02-11 Nevro Corporation Extended pain relief via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
US10258796B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2019-04-16 Nevro Corp. Extended pain relief via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
US9872990B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2018-01-23 Saluda Medical Pty Limited Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US11045129B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2021-06-29 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd. Method and apparatus for estimating neural recruitment
US11819332B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2023-11-21 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for measurement of neural response
US10278600B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2019-05-07 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd. Method and apparatus for measurement of neural response
US11413460B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2022-08-16 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US11420064B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2022-08-23 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US10568559B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2020-02-25 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for measurement of neural response
US9974455B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2018-05-22 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd. Method and apparatus for estimating neural recruitment
US11426587B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2022-08-30 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US11439828B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2022-09-13 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US11445958B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2022-09-20 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for estimating neural recruitment
US11464979B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2022-10-11 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US11491334B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2022-11-08 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US11554265B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2023-01-17 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US11324427B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2022-05-10 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for measurement of neural response
US10588524B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2020-03-17 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for measurement of neural response
US11883663B2 (en) 2011-09-08 2024-01-30 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20130261696A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2013-10-03 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US11298539B2 (en) * 2011-09-08 2022-04-12 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9278215B2 (en) * 2011-09-08 2016-03-08 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20130204323A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2013-08-08 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9283388B2 (en) * 2011-09-08 2016-03-15 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9283387B2 (en) * 2011-09-08 2016-03-15 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10493277B2 (en) * 2011-09-08 2019-12-03 Nevro Corp. Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20160287875A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2016-10-06 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9295839B2 (en) * 2011-09-08 2016-03-29 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9327121B2 (en) * 2011-09-08 2016-05-03 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20130261695A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2013-10-03 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US20130204324A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2013-08-08 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US10653888B2 (en) 2012-01-26 2020-05-19 Bluewind Medical Ltd Wireless neurostimulators
US11648410B2 (en) 2012-01-26 2023-05-16 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Wireless neurostimulators
WO2013134667A1 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Modulating afferent signals to treat medical conditions
US11207519B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2021-12-28 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Modulating afferent signals to treat medical conditions
US10300281B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2019-05-28 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Modulating afferent signals to treat medical conditions
US9604059B2 (en) 2012-04-02 2017-03-28 Nevro Corp. Devices for controlling spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including controllers for automated parameter selection
US8676331B2 (en) 2012-04-02 2014-03-18 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including controllers for automated parameter selection
US9002460B2 (en) 2012-04-02 2015-04-07 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including controllers for automated parameter selection
US11033734B2 (en) 2012-06-15 2021-06-15 Case Western Reserve University Treatment of pain using electrical nerve conduction block
US11504527B2 (en) 2012-06-15 2022-11-22 Case Western Reserve University Therapy delivery devices and methods for non-damaging neural tissue conduction block
US11872394B2 (en) 2012-06-15 2024-01-16 Case Western Reserve Univeraity Treatment of pain using electrical nerve conduction block
US11318300B2 (en) 2012-06-15 2022-05-03 Case Western Reserve University Treatment of pain using electrical nerve conduction block
US10328256B1 (en) 2012-06-22 2019-06-25 Nevro Corp. Autonomic nervous system control via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
US11247057B1 (en) 2012-06-22 2022-02-15 Nevro Corp. Autonomic nervous system control via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
US9833614B1 (en) 2012-06-22 2017-12-05 Nevro Corp. Autonomic nervous system control via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
US10206596B2 (en) 2012-11-06 2019-02-19 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and system for controlling electrical conditions of tissue
US11389098B2 (en) 2012-11-06 2022-07-19 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and system for controlling electrical conditions of tissue
US10238863B2 (en) 2012-12-06 2019-03-26 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Delivery of implantable neurostimulators
US9861812B2 (en) 2012-12-06 2018-01-09 Blue Wind Medical Ltd. Delivery of implantable neurostimulators
US11464966B2 (en) 2012-12-06 2022-10-11 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Delivery of implantable neurostimulators
US11278719B2 (en) 2012-12-06 2022-03-22 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Delivery of implantable neurostimulators
US11376436B2 (en) 2013-05-10 2022-07-05 Case Western Reserve University Systems and methods for preventing noise in an electric waveform for neural stimulation, block, or sensing
US11786733B2 (en) 2013-05-10 2023-10-17 Case Western Reserve University Systems and methods for preventing noise in an electric waveform for neural stimulation, block, or sensing
US10751536B1 (en) 2013-06-10 2020-08-25 Nevro Corp. Methods and systems for disease treatment using electrical stimulation
US9895539B1 (en) 2013-06-10 2018-02-20 Nevro Corp. Methods and systems for disease treatment using electrical stimulation
US10149978B1 (en) 2013-11-07 2018-12-11 Nevro Corp. Spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain via short pulse width waveforms, and associated systems and methods
US10556112B1 (en) 2013-11-07 2020-02-11 Nevro Corp. Spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain via short pulse width waveforms, and associated systems and methods
US10576286B1 (en) 2013-11-07 2020-03-03 Nevro Corp. Spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain via short pulse width waveforms, and associated systems and methods
US10569089B1 (en) 2013-11-07 2020-02-25 Nevro Corp. Spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain via short pulse width waveforms, and associated systems and methods
US11172864B2 (en) 2013-11-15 2021-11-16 Closed Loop Medical Pty Ltd Monitoring brain neural potentials
US10426409B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2019-10-01 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for detecting a neural response in a neural measurement
US11890113B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2024-02-06 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for detecting a neural response in a neural measurement
US11337658B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2022-05-24 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for detecting a neural response in a neural measurement
US11457849B2 (en) 2014-05-05 2022-10-04 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Neural measurement
US10368762B2 (en) 2014-05-05 2019-08-06 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd. Neural measurement
US11167129B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2021-11-09 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Neural stimulation dosing
US10632307B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2020-04-28 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Neural stimulation dosing
US11006846B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2021-05-18 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for detecting a neural response in neural measurements
US11219766B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2022-01-11 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for feedback control of neural stimulation
US11464980B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2022-10-11 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for feedback control of neural stimulation
US10588698B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2020-03-17 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Implantable electrode positioning
US10500399B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2019-12-10 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for feedback control of neural stimulation
US11344729B1 (en) 2014-12-11 2022-05-31 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for feedback control of neural stimulation
US10918872B2 (en) 2015-01-19 2021-02-16 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Method and device for neural implant communication
US10004896B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2018-06-26 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Anchors and implant devices
US9597521B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2017-03-21 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Transmitting coils for neurostimulation
US9764146B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2017-09-19 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Extracorporeal implant controllers
US11090490B2 (en) 2015-03-20 2021-08-17 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multimodal electrical modulation of pain
US11045651B2 (en) 2015-03-20 2021-06-29 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multimodal electrical modulation of pain
US11426583B2 (en) 2015-03-20 2022-08-30 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multimodal electrical modulation of pain
US11660453B2 (en) 2015-03-20 2023-05-30 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multi modal electrical modulation of pain
US11167139B2 (en) 2015-03-20 2021-11-09 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multi modal electrical modulation of pain using composite electromagnetic fields
US10894158B2 (en) 2015-04-09 2021-01-19 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Electrode to nerve distance estimation
US11110270B2 (en) 2015-05-31 2021-09-07 Closed Loop Medical Pty Ltd Brain neurostimulator electrode fitting
US10849525B2 (en) 2015-05-31 2020-12-01 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Monitoring brain neural activity
US11006857B2 (en) 2015-06-01 2021-05-18 Closed Loop Medical Pty Ltd Motor fibre neuromodulation
US10369366B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2019-08-06 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Implantable electrostimulator for improving blood flow
US9782589B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2017-10-10 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Implantable electrostimulator for improving blood flow
US10828485B2 (en) 2015-10-06 2020-11-10 Case Western Reserve University High-charge capacity electrodes to deliver direct current nerve conduction block
US11318310B1 (en) 2015-10-26 2022-05-03 Nevro Corp. Neuromodulation for altering autonomic functions, and associated systems and methods
US11612747B2 (en) 2015-11-09 2023-03-28 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Optimization of application of current
US11116975B2 (en) 2015-11-09 2021-09-14 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Optimization of application of current
US10105540B2 (en) 2015-11-09 2018-10-23 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Optimization of application of current
US10449374B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2019-10-22 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Inhibition of implant migration
US9713707B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2017-07-25 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Inhibition of implant migration
US10864373B2 (en) 2015-12-15 2020-12-15 Case Western Reserve University Systems for treatment of a neurological disorder using electrical nerve conduction block
US11779762B2 (en) 2015-12-15 2023-10-10 Case Western Reserve University Systems for treatment of a neurological disorder using electrical nerve conduction block
US11596798B2 (en) 2016-01-25 2023-03-07 Nevro Corp Treatment of congestive heart failure with electrical stimulation, and associated systems and methods
US10799701B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2020-10-13 Nevro Corp. Systems and methods for identifying and treating patients with high-frequency electrical signals
US11191966B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2021-12-07 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Feedback control of neuromodulation
US11446504B1 (en) 2016-05-27 2022-09-20 Nevro Corp. High frequency electromagnetic stimulation for modulating cells, including spontaneously active and quiescent cells, and associated systems and methods
US11179091B2 (en) 2016-06-24 2021-11-23 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Neural stimulation for reduced artefact
US11826156B2 (en) 2016-06-24 2023-11-28 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd Neural stimulation for reduced artefact
US11439833B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2022-09-13 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Implant-delivery tool
US10124178B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2018-11-13 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Implant and delivery tool therefor
US10744331B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2020-08-18 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Implant and delivery tool therefor
US11027126B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-06-08 Presidio Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for direct current nerve conduction block
US11213685B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2022-01-04 Bluewind Medical Ltd. Antenna configuration
US11338149B2 (en) 2017-09-08 2022-05-24 Alacrity, Inc. Methods and apparatus for electrically inducing a peripheral nerve blockade
WO2019051392A3 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-06-06 Alacrity, Inc. Methods and apparatus for electrically inducing net macro-current across neuronal cell membranes
US10603504B2 (en) 2017-09-08 2020-03-31 Alacrity, Inc. Methods and apparatus for electrically inducing net macro-current across neuronal cell membranes
US11813459B2 (en) 2018-02-20 2023-11-14 Presidio Medical, Inc. Methods and systems for nerve conduction block
US11752329B2 (en) 2018-07-01 2023-09-12 Presidio Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for nerve conduction block
US11602634B2 (en) 2019-01-17 2023-03-14 Nevro Corp. Sensory threshold adaptation for neurological therapy screening and/or electrode selection, and associated systems and methods
US11590352B2 (en) 2019-01-29 2023-02-28 Nevro Corp. Ramped therapeutic signals for modulating inhibitory interneurons, and associated systems and methods
WO2021003151A1 (en) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 University Of Pittsburgh - Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Neural block by super-threshold low frequency electrical stimulation
US11730964B2 (en) 2019-11-24 2023-08-22 Presidio Medical, Inc. Pulse generation and stimulation engine systems
US11918811B2 (en) 2020-05-06 2024-03-05 Medtronic Sg, Llc Method and apparatus for multi modal or multiplexed electrical modulation of pain using composite electromagnetic fields
US11918803B2 (en) 2021-05-07 2024-03-05 Presidio Medical, Inc. Systems and methods for direct current nerve conduction block
US11400299B1 (en) 2021-09-14 2022-08-02 Rainbow Medical Ltd. Flexible antenna for stimulator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8798754B2 (en) 2014-08-05
US20080154333A1 (en) 2008-06-26
US20190184170A1 (en) 2019-06-20
US20160144181A1 (en) 2016-05-26
WO2007038200A1 (en) 2007-04-05
US20140046419A1 (en) 2014-02-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20190184170A1 (en) Neural blocking therapy
US20220331581A1 (en) Extracranial implantable devices, systems and methods for the treatment of neurological disorders
US10080899B2 (en) Systems and methods for treating autonomic instability and medical conditions associated therewith
US10960201B2 (en) Methods and devices for inhibiting nerves when activating brown adipose tissue
US7684858B2 (en) Methods and systems for placing an implanted stimulator for stimulating tissue
US7702386B2 (en) Nerve stimulation for treatment of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and Type 2 diabetes
US7689277B2 (en) Neural stimulation for treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes
US8340772B2 (en) Brown adipose tissue utilization through neuromodulation
US9364668B2 (en) Apparatus, systems, and methods for treating body organ aging
WO1997045160A1 (en) Methods of modulating aspects of brain neural plasticity by vagus nerve stimulation
US20150251008A1 (en) Neuromodulatory devices, systems, and methods for treating fibromyalgia
US20190091464A1 (en) Methods and devices for activating brown adipose tissue using electrical energy
EP2968917A1 (en) Systems for treating anxiety and anxiety-associated disorders
Pudenz Introductory presentations

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: VENTURI GROUP, LLC, MINNESOTA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KNUDSON, MARK B.;DONDERS, ADRIANUS P.;CONRAD, TIMOTHY R.;REEL/FRAME:017821/0549;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060323 TO 20060330

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION

AS Assignment

Owner name: FLATHEAD PARTNERS, LLC, MINNESOTA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CONRAD, SARAH BRENZEL;DONDERS, ADRIANUS;NICKOLOFF, ANNE;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20170718 TO 20170825;REEL/FRAME:043463/0302