JP5731467B2 - 化学状態測定方法 - Google Patents
化学状態測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
また、前記化学状態測定方法は、溶媒を用いてゴム材料表面におけるブルーム物を除去する方法であることが好ましく、該溶媒としては、有機溶媒を好適に使用できる。
本発明に供するゴム材料としては特に限定されず、従来公知のゴム組成物を使用でき、例えば、ゴム成分、ワックス、老化防止剤などを含むゴム組成物などが挙げられる。
(式1)
[劣化前の試料における測定範囲のX線吸収スペクトルの全面積]×α=1
[劣化後の試料における測定範囲のX線吸収スペクトルの全面積]×β=1
(式2)
[1−[(劣化後のπ*のピーク面積)×β]/[(劣化前のπ*のピーク面積)×α]]×100=劣化度合(%)
(式3)
[酸化劣化のピーク面積]/[(オゾン劣化のピーク面積)+(酸化劣化のピーク面積)]×100=酸素劣化寄与率(%)
[オゾン劣化のピーク面積]/[(オゾン劣化のピーク面積)+(酸化劣化のピーク面積)]×100=オゾン劣化寄与率(%)
(式4)
[炭素原子のK殻吸収端のX線吸収スペクトルの全面積]×γ=1
(式5)
[酸素原子のK殻吸収端のピーク面積]×γ=酸素及びオゾンが結合した量(指数)
(ゴム試料)
以下の配合内容に従い、硫黄及び加硫促進剤以外の材料を充填率が58%になるように(株)神戸製鋼所製の1.7Lバンバリーミキサーに充填し、80rpmで140℃に到達するまで混練した(工程1)。工程1で得られた混練物に、硫黄及び加硫促進剤を以下の配合にて添加し、160℃で20分間加硫することでゴム試料を得た(工程2)。
天然ゴム50重量部、ブタジエンゴム50重量部、カーボンブラック60重量部、オイル5重量部、老化防止剤2重量部、ワックス2.5重量部、酸化亜鉛3重量部、ステアリン酸2重量部、粉末硫黄1.2重量部、及び加硫促進剤1重量部(なお、比較例3は、ワックス及び老化防止剤を配合せず)
なお、使用材料は以下のとおりである。また、劣化ゴム試料は下記条件で劣化させたものである。
天然ゴム:TSR20
ブタジエンゴム:宇部興産(株)製BR150B
カーボンブラック:キャボットジャパン(株)製のショウブラックN351
オイル:(株)ジャパンエナジー製のプロセスX−140
老化防止剤:大内新興化学工業(株)製のノクラック6C(N−1,3−ジメチルブチル−N’−フェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン)
ワックス:日本精蝋(株)製のオゾエース0355
酸化亜鉛:東邦亜鉛(株)製の銀嶺R
ステアリン酸:日本油脂(株)製の椿
粉末硫黄(5%オイル含有):鶴見化学工業(株)製の5%オイル処理粉末硫黄(オイル分5質量%含む可溶性硫黄)
加硫促進剤:大内新興化学工業(株)製のノクセラーCZ(N−シクロヘキシル−2−ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド)
(劣化条件)
オゾン劣化:40℃ 50pphm(24時間)
酸素劣化:80℃ 酸素:窒素=5:1(168時間)
NEXAFS:佐賀県立九州シンクロトロン光研究センターのBL12ビームライン付属のNEXAFS測定装置
XPS:Kratos社製 AXIS Ultra
NEXAFSを使用して、各試料について、以下の劣化率分析、劣化寄与率分析、劣化指標測定の実施により劣化度合(%)、酸素及びオゾン劣化寄与率(%)、劣化指標(指数)を測定した。また、以下のゴム情報の実施により得られたスペクトルにおけるブルーム物の影響の有無を評価した。結果を表1に示した。なお、NEXAFSの測定条件は以下のとおりで、測定に際し、ゴム試料をミクロトームで100μm以下の厚みになるように加工し、その後、真空デシケータに保存した。
(NEXAFSの測定条件)
輝度:5×1012photons/s/mrad2/mm2/0.1%bw
光子数:2×109photons/s
高輝度X線のエネルギーを260〜400eVの範囲で走査し、炭素原子のK殻吸収端のX線吸収スペクトルを得た。このスペクトルにおいて必要な範囲である260〜350eVの範囲をもとに(式1)から規格化定数α、βを算出し、この定数を用いてスペクトルを規格化(補正)した。規格化後のスペクトルを波形分離し、285eV付近のπ*遷移に帰属されるピーク面積をもとに(式2)から劣化度合(%)を求めた。
高輝度X線のエネルギーを500〜600eVの範囲で走査し、酸素原子のK殻吸収端のX線吸収スペクトルを得た。このスペクトルを波形分離し、ピークトップが532〜532.7eVにある低エネルギー側ピークを酸素劣化、532.7〜534eVにある高エネルギー側ピークをオゾン劣化として、(式3)から酸素劣化及びオゾン劣化の寄与率を算出した。
前記劣化率分析で得られた劣化後の炭素原子のK殻吸収端のX線吸収スペクトルをもとに(式4)から規格化定数γを求めた。この定数を用いて酸素原子のK殻吸収端の全ピーク面積を補正(規格化)し、(式5)から酸素及びオゾンがゴム材料に結合した量(劣化指標)を求めた。
得られたNEXAFSスペクトル、XPSスペクトルについて、ワックス等、他の炭素汚染の影響なく、ゴムの情報を得られたか否かについて、以下の基準で評価した。
○:ゴム材料表面における正確な情報が得られた。
×:ゴム材料表面における正確な情報が得られなかった。
Claims (3)
- ソックスレー抽出を用いてゴム材料表面におけるブルーム物を除去した後、X線を用いた表面分析法を適用することにより、ゴム材料表面における化学状態を測定する化学状態測定方法。
- ゴム材料の表面から生じる化学状態の変化を調べ、ゴム材料の劣化状態を測定する請求項1記載の化学状態測定方法。
- 抽出溶媒が有機溶媒である請求項1又は2記載の化学状態測定方法。
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CN201310429775.6A CN103712999B (zh) | 2012-10-05 | 2013-09-18 | 劣化分析法以及化学态测量法 |
RU2013142709A RU2639914C2 (ru) | 2012-10-05 | 2013-09-20 | Способ анализа старения и способ определения химического состояния |
EP15183317.5A EP2966437B1 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2013-10-04 | Deterioration analysis method |
EP13187311.9A EP2717039B1 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2013-10-04 | Chemical state measurement method of rubber |
US14/046,658 US9128077B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2013-10-04 | Deterioration analysis method and chemical state measurement method |
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