JP5723387B2 - イットリウム及びランタンをドープしたジルコニア系材料 - Google Patents
イットリウム及びランタンをドープしたジルコニア系材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5723387B2 JP5723387B2 JP2012547137A JP2012547137A JP5723387B2 JP 5723387 B2 JP5723387 B2 JP 5723387B2 JP 2012547137 A JP2012547137 A JP 2012547137A JP 2012547137 A JP2012547137 A JP 2012547137A JP 5723387 B2 JP5723387 B2 JP 5723387B2
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- zirconia
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- oxide
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 395
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 48
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 16
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 15
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
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- -1 carboxylate anion Chemical class 0.000 description 20
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- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C)O1 DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [La+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
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- NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002710 Au-Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465382 Physalis alkekengi Species 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MFFVROSEPLMJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);tetraacetate Chemical group [Zr+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O MFFVROSEPLMJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G25/00—Compounds of zirconium
- C01G25/02—Oxides
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/624—Sol-gel processing
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62625—Wet mixtures
- C04B35/6263—Wet mixtures characterised by their solids loadings, i.e. the percentage of solids
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/007—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore distribution, e.g. inhomogeneous distribution of pores
- C04B38/0074—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore distribution, e.g. inhomogeneous distribution of pores expressed as porosity percentage
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Description
100(乾燥重量)÷(湿重量)に等しい。
電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡法(FESEM)
焼結顆粒を、走査電子顕微鏡スタブに取り付けられた導電性テープ上に点在させることによって、試料を調製した。粒子を導電性にするために、Au−Pdの薄層を析出させた。使用した顕微鏡は、Hitachi(Maidenhead,UK)から入手可能なHitachi S−4700電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡であった。2.0キロボルトで動作しながら、70,000倍率の画像(すなわち、電子顕微鏡写真)を得た。
70,000倍率のFESEM顕微鏡写真を、グレイン寸法測定に使用した。焼結体の異なる領域を撮った3つ又は4つの顕微鏡写真を、それぞれの試料に使用した。それぞれの顕微鏡写真の高さにわたってほぼ等しい間隔で離間した10本の横線を描いた。それぞれの線上で観察されたグレイン境界切片を計上し、切片間の平均距離を計算した。それぞれの線の平均距離に1.56を乗じてグレイン寸法を決定し、この値を、それぞれの試料のすべての顕微鏡写真におけるすべての線にわたって平均化した。
焼結顆粒(すなわち、焼結体)を、走査電子顕微鏡スタブに取り付けられた導電性テープ上に装着することによって、試料を調製した。個々の顆粒中にトレンチを作製するために、集束イオンビームミリングを使用した。トレンチは、長さ約25マイクロメートル×深さ5マイクロメートルであった。イオンミルは、FEI Company(Hillsboro,OR)からQuanta 3D FEBの商標表記で市販されている。
焼結体の試料を、任意の更なる変化なしで試験した。Bruker(Madison,WI)のBruker D8 Advance回折計を用いて、銅Kα放射線及び散乱放射線のVantec検出器レジストリで反射配置データを調査走査の形態で収集した。回折装置には、可変入射ビームスリット及び固定回折ビームスリットが装着されていた。0.015度の刻み幅及び2秒のドウェル時間を用いて、結合連続モードで、10度から80度(2θ)の間で調査走査を行った。40キロボルト及び40ミリアンペア設定のX線発生器を採用した。
白金ストリップ炉及びAnton Parr(Graz,Austria)HTK温度調節器を装備したPanalytical(Westborough,Massachusetts)垂直ゴニオメータを用いて、ホットステージ試験を行った。回折計は、銅Kα放射線を使用し、可変入射スリット、固定された回折ビームスリット、及び黒鉛回折ビームモノクロメータに取り付けられ、かつ散乱放射線の比例検出器レジストリを使用した。
633ナノメートルの波長を有する赤色レーザーを装備した、Zeta Sizer−nanoシリーズ、モデルZEN3600計器を用いて、粒子寸法測定を行った。この装置はMalvern Instruments Inc.(Westborough,Massachusetts)から市販品として入手可能である。1平方センチメートルのポリスチレンキュベット内で測定を実行した。分析された約1グラムの脱イオン水及び数滴(約0.1グラム)のゾル試料をキュベット内に添加することによって、試料を調製した。それぞれの試料キュベットの含量をきれいなピペットに取り込み、混合するために数回放出した。それぞれの試料キュベットを装置内に設置し、25℃で平衡化した。
実施例1〜8及び比較実施例1〜2を、以下のように調製した。酢酸ジルコニウム、酢酸イットリウム、酢酸ランタン、及び脱イオン(DI)水を撹拌しながら合わせることによって、前駆体溶液を調製した(以下の表2を参照のこと)。結果として生じる溶液(約12グラム)を、テフロンカップを有する汎用酸分解容器(Parr Instrument Company(Moline,IL)から入手可能なParrモデル番号4749)に設置した。それぞれの酸分解容器を、225℃の温度で4時間、強制換気オーブン内に設置した。ある場合には、同一のゾルのいくつかの12グラムバッチを作製し、その後、試料を形成するために合わせた。安定した結晶性ゾルを得た。本明細書で使用される、ゾルに関して「安定した」という用語は、無機酸化物の10重量パーセント未満が1週間後に安定したことを意味する。
2.1〜2.2モルパーセントのY2O3及び0〜3.0モルパーセントのLa2O3を有する粒子を有するジルコニア系ゾルを、比較実施例1及び2、並びに実施例1〜4で説明されるように調製した。
3M ESPE(Saint Paul,MN)から「LAVA」(LAVAジルコニアブロック60mm)の商標表記で市販されている部分的に焼結されたジルコニア系材料を、3ユニットLAVAフレーム(3M ESPEから入手)から除去した。潤滑剤として脱イオン水を用いて、円筒形ブロックを、低速ダイヤモンドソーで厚さ1ミリメートルのウエハーにダイスカットした。ウエハーを60℃で乾燥させ、その後、10℃/分の速度で1500℃に加熱し、1500℃で2時間保持し、10℃/分で20℃に冷却することによって焼結した。
3M ESPE(Saint Paul,MN)から「LAVA」(LAVAジルコニアブロック60mm)の商標表記で市販されている部分的に焼結されたジルコニア系材料を、3ユニットLAVAフレーム(3M ESPEから入手)から除去した。潤滑剤として脱イオン水を用いて、円筒形ブロックを、低速ダイヤモンドソーで厚さ1ミリメートルのウエハーにダイスカットした。ウエハーを60℃で乾燥させ、その後、2℃/分の速度で600℃に加熱し、600℃で30分間保持し、7.5℃/分の速度で1500℃に加熱し、1500℃で2時間保持し、次いで、10℃/分で20℃に冷却することによって焼結した。
2.2モルパーセントのY2O3及び3.0モルパーセントのLa2O3を含有するジルコニア系ゾルを、実施例5で説明されるように調製した。ゾルを浸透によって濃縮した。より具体的には、ゾルを、膜(Spectrum Laboratories Inc.(Rancho Dominguez,CA)のSpectra/Por1、製品番号132655、MWCO 6000−8000)内に設置した。移動可能な捩り結び密閉を用いて液体ゾルの真上の蓋を密閉する一方、膜管を下部で結んだ。装填した膜を、20,000グラム/モルの重量平均分子量を有するポリエチレングリコール水溶液内に設置した。この溶液は、1リットルあたり600グラムのポリエチレングリコールを含有し、pHは3.0であった。ゾルからの水は、膜を通ってポリエチレングリコール水溶液中に拡散し、ゾルが乾燥して硬質ゲルになった。最初の数時間の間、上部の捩り結びを約30分に1回移動させ、膜を通る水の損失を補った。これは、膜の過度のへこみを阻止し、かつ膜容器の円筒状の形状を維持する助けとなる。ゾルが半硬質ゲルを形成した時点で、一晩静置させた。強化したゲルを透析袋から除去し、空気中で60℃で乾燥させた。ゲルは、乾燥中に数ミリメートルの寸法の小塊に分裂した。
実施例13の焼結顆粒のうちのいくつかを、1300℃(実施例14a)及び1400℃(実施例14b)に再加熱した。焼結顆粒を、10℃/分の速度で、実施例14aにおいて1300℃(又は実施例14bにおいて1400℃)に加熱し、1時間その温度で保持し、その後、10℃/分の速度で20℃に冷却した。
2.2モルパーセントのY2O3及び1.0モルパーセントのLa2O3を含有するジルコニア系ゾルを、実施例6で説明されるように調製した。ゾルを浸透によって固体に濃縮した。これを、膜(Spectra/Por1、製品番号132655、MWCO 6000−8000、Spectrum Laboratories Inc.(Rancho Dominguez,CA))内に包含した。膜管を下部で結んだ。管の上部を、ゾル用のリザーバの機能を果たす小さい漏斗の下部に取り付けた。漏斗及び膜をゾルで装填し、その後、20,000グラム/モルの重量平均分子量を有するポリエチレングリコール水溶液中に設置した。この溶液は、1リットルあたり600グラムのポリエチレングリコールを含有し、pHは3.0であった。膜がポリエチレングリコール溶液中に完全に浸るまで、漏斗−膜アセンブリを挿入した。ゾルからの水は、ポリエチレングリコール溶液中に拡散し、固体円柱のゲルが得られるまで、更なるゾルがリザーバから膜に入った。膜が半硬質ゲルで充填された時点で、これをポリエチレングリコール溶液から除去した。乾燥ゲルの大きな断片を作製するために、半密閉式容器内でのゲルの低速乾燥を使用した。強化したゲルを透析袋から除去し、キャップに直径3mmの穴を有する45mLのプラスチック瓶内に設置した。取扱中にゲル保護するために、1枚の丸めたティッシュペーパーをゲルの上下に設置した。容器を、50℃のオーブン内に設置した。7日後、ゲルは、いくつかの大きなひびを形成した。この時点で、瓶のキャップを除去し、2日間乾燥し続けた。ゲルは、数ミリメートルの寸法の塊に分裂した。
3M ESPE(Saint Paul,MN)から「LAVA」(LAVAジルコニアブロック60mm)の商標表記で市販されている部分的に焼結されたジルコニア系材料を、3ユニットLAVAフレーム(3M ESPEから入手)から除去した。潤滑剤として脱イオン水を用いて、円筒形ブロックを、低速ダイヤモンドソーで厚さ2mmのウエハーにダイスカットした。ウエハーを60℃で乾燥させ、次に、焼結した。ウエハーを、7.5℃/分の速度で1500℃に加熱し、1500℃で2時間保持し、その後、10℃/分で20℃に冷却することによって焼結した。
実施例13の乾燥したままのゲルの断片、及び実施例13の−35、+60(500〜250マイクロメートル)寸法のゲル顆粒(2.3モルパーセントのY2O3及び3.0モルパーセントのLa2O3を有するジルコニア)の一部を、空気中で加熱することによって焼結した。より具体的には、材料を、2℃/分の速度で600℃に加熱し、600℃で30分間保持し、7℃/分の速度で1200℃に加熱し、1200℃で1時間保持し、その後、10℃/分の速度で20℃に冷却することによって焼結した。
1.0モルパーセントのLa2O3及び1.9モルパーセントのY2O3(実施例17)、又は1.0モルパーセントのLa2O3及び1.7モルパーセントのY2O3(実施例18)を含有するジルコニア系ゾルを、実施例7及び実施例8で説明されるように調製した。
Claims (2)
- ジルコニア系セラミック材料を含む焼結体であって、
前記ジルコニア系セラミック材料中の無機酸化物の全モルに基づいて、92.5〜98.0モルパーセントの範囲の量の酸化ジルコニウムと、
前記ジルコニア系セラミック材料中の無機酸化物の全モルに基づいて、1.5〜2.5モルパーセントの範囲の量の酸化イットリウムと、
前記ジルコニア系セラミック材料中の無機酸化物の全モルに基づいて、0.5〜5.0モルパーセントの範囲の量の酸化ランタンと、
を含み、前記ジルコニア系セラミック材料が、200ナノメートル以下の平均グレイン寸法を有し、前記焼結体が、理論密度の少なくとも99.5パーセントの密度を有する、焼結体。 - 結晶性であり、100ナノメートルを超えない平均一次粒子寸法を有するジルコニア系粒子であって、かつ
a)前記ジルコニア系粒子中の無機酸化物の全モルに基づいて、少なくとも92.5モルパーセントの酸化ジルコニウムと、
b)前記ジルコニア系粒子中の無機酸化物の全モルに基づいて、少なくとも0.5モルパーセントの酸化ランタンと、
c)前記ジルコニア系粒子中の無機酸化物の全モルに基づいて、少なくとも1.5モルパーセントの酸化イットリウムと、
を含むジルコニア系粒子を部分的に焼結することによって形成される生成物を含む部分的焼結体であって、前記部分的焼結体が、前記部分的焼結体の総体積に基づいて、25〜75体積パーセントの無機酸化物と、25〜75体積パーセントのボイドと、を含む、部分的焼結体。
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