JP5717485B2 - 面発光レーザ、面発光レーザアレイ及び画像形成装置 - Google Patents
面発光レーザ、面発光レーザアレイ及び画像形成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18386—Details of the emission surface for influencing the near- or far-field, e.g. a grating on the surface
- H01S5/18391—Aperiodic structuring to influence the near- or far-field distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18361—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors
- H01S5/18369—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors based on dielectric materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18386—Details of the emission surface for influencing the near- or far-field, e.g. a grating on the surface
- H01S5/18394—Apertures, e.g. defined by the shape of the upper electrode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/04—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
- G03G15/043—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material with means for controlling illumination or exposure
- G03G15/0435—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material with means for controlling illumination or exposure by introducing an optical element in the optical path, e.g. a filter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/04—Arrangements for exposing and producing an image
- G03G2215/0402—Exposure devices
- G03G2215/0404—Laser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
- H01S5/18311—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation
- H01S5/18313—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation by oxidizing at least one of the DBR layers
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
- H01S5/18322—Position of the structure
- H01S5/18327—Structure being part of a DBR
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
- H01S5/18322—Position of the structure
- H01S5/1833—Position of the structure with more than one structure
- H01S5/18333—Position of the structure with more than one structure only above the active layer
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
- H01S5/18338—Non-circular shape of the structure
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18361—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors
- H01S5/18375—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors based on metal reflectors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Description
段差構造により、FFPが変動してしまうのは、この段差構造のエッジ部分の傾斜角度が変動しやすく、その傾斜したエッジのある領域を透過した光がFFPに影響を与えるからである。そのため、この段差構造のエッジのある領域からレーザ光が透過しないようにすれば、段差構造の形状の変動がFFPに与える影響を抑制することができる。そこで、本願発明では、段差構造の傾斜角度が変化しうるエッジのある領域に遮光部材を設ける。
面発光レーザ100は、半導体の基板110上に、下部ミラー112、活性層114、上部ミラー116が積層された積層構造体からなる。
第1の領域160、第2の領域162、第3の領域165のそれぞれ少なくとも一部の領域から、それぞれレーザ光が出射され、これらのレーザ光が干渉してFFPを形成する。
面発光レーザ100の作製方法の一例を述べる。
図3は、本発明の実施例の面発光レーザ102を表す断面模式図である。
図6を用いて、上記で説明した面発光レーザを複数配置した面発光レーザアレイ光源を用いた画像形成装置について説明する。
第1の領域160と第2の領域162の配置として、図2のように第1の領域160を第2の領域162が囲んだ例を示したが、本発明はそれに限るものではない。例えば、図4のように第1の領域160と第2の領域162を半円形状とした例において、第3の領域165に遮光部材155を配することができる。すなわち、第2の領域162は、第1の領域160よりも、光出射領域の中心に対して遠ざかる位置に配されていなくてもよい。
114 活性層
116 上部ミラー
150 段差構造
155 遮光部材
Claims (12)
- 基板の上に、下部ミラーと活性層と上部ミラーとを有する面発光レーザであって、
前記上部ミラーの上部の光出射領域内に設けられた段差構造を有し、
前記段差構造は、前記光出射領域に、第1の領域と、前記第1の領域とは異なる第2の領域と、前記第1の領域と前記第2の領域との間に形成された第3の領域と、を有し、前記第1の領域における光学厚さと前記第2の領域における光学厚さが異なる構造であり、
前記上部ミラーの上部であって、前記第3の領域に遮光部材が配され、前記第1の領域と前記第2の領域のそれぞれの領域の一部に前記遮光部材が配されていないことを特徴とする面発光レーザ。 - 前記第2の領域は、前記第1の領域よりも、前記光出射領域の中心に対して遠い位置に配されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の面発光レーザ。
- 前記遮光部材が前記第3の領域のすべてに配されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の面発光レーザ。
- 前記遮光部材が前記第3の領域の一部に配されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の面発光レーザ。
- 前記遮光部材の厚さは、前記段差構造の段差の厚さよりも薄いことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ。
- 前記遮光部材は、前記段差構造の上部に配されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ。
- 前記遮光部材は、前記上部ミラーと前記段差構造との間に配されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ。
- 前記面発光レーザの発振波長をλとし、前記第1の領域における前記段差構造の光学厚さと、前記第2の領域における前記段差構造の光学厚さとの差Lが、以下の関係を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ。
(N+1/4)λ<L<(N+3/4)λ (Nは整数) - 前記遮光部材は、金属であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ。
- 前記遮光部材と前記段差構造を形成する材料との屈折率差が、前記段差構造を形成する材料の屈折率の20%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザを複数有することを特徴とする面発光レーザアレイ。
- 請求項11に記載の面発光レーザアレイと、前記面発光レーザアレイからの光により静電潜像を形成する感光体と、前記感光体を帯電する帯電器と、前記静電潜像を現像する現像器と、を有することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
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JP2011058124A JP5717485B2 (ja) | 2011-03-16 | 2011-03-16 | 面発光レーザ、面発光レーザアレイ及び画像形成装置 |
US13/413,910 US8625649B2 (en) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-03-07 | Surface emitting laser and image forming apparatus |
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JP2011058124A JP5717485B2 (ja) | 2011-03-16 | 2011-03-16 | 面発光レーザ、面発光レーザアレイ及び画像形成装置 |
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JP2012195439A JP2012195439A (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
JP2012195439A5 JP2012195439A5 (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
JP5717485B2 true JP5717485B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
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EP3890128A1 (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2021-10-06 | Sony Group Corporation | Light emitting element and manufacturing method |
EP3447862A1 (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-02-27 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Vcsel array with common wafer level integrated optical device |
WO2019181757A1 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Surface-emitting laser array, detection device, and laser device |
JP2023138125A (ja) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-29 | 株式会社リコー | 発光素子、光源装置、表示装置、ヘッドマウントディスプレイ及び生体情報取得装置 |
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JPH05303190A (ja) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-11-16 | Hitachi Ltd | 位相シフト用フォトマスク及びその作製方法 |
US5838715A (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1998-11-17 | Hewlett-Packard Company | High intensity single-mode VCSELs |
JP2001284722A (ja) | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-12 | Seiko Epson Corp | 面発光型半導体レーザおよびその製造方法 |
JP4621393B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-27 | 2011-01-26 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 表面発光型半導体レーザ及び表面発光型半導体レーザの製造方法 |
JP4457549B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-10 | 2010-04-28 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 窒化物半導体レーザ素子及びその製造方法 |
US20050063440A1 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-03-24 | Deppe Dennis G. | Epitaxial mode-confined vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and method of manufacturing same |
JP4649866B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-19 | 2011-03-16 | ソニー株式会社 | 面発光半導体レーザー及びこれを用いた光学装置 |
JP2005340567A (ja) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 表面発光型半導体レーザ素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2007273327A (ja) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-18 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置 |
US8073034B2 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2011-12-06 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Mesa vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser |
JP5268342B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-14 | 2013-08-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像表示装置 |
CN101939882B (zh) * | 2008-02-12 | 2013-02-13 | 株式会社理光 | 表面发射激光器元件、表面发射激光器阵列、光学扫描装置和成像设备 |
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2011
- 2011-03-16 JP JP2011058124A patent/JP5717485B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US8625649B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
JP2012195439A (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
US20120237261A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
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