JP5703466B2 - キナーゼ阻害薬およびその使用 - Google Patents
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- JP5703466B2 JP5703466B2 JP2010520314A JP2010520314A JP5703466B2 JP 5703466 B2 JP5703466 B2 JP 5703466B2 JP 2010520314 A JP2010520314 A JP 2010520314A JP 2010520314 A JP2010520314 A JP 2010520314A JP 5703466 B2 JP5703466 B2 JP 5703466B2
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Description
本願は、米国特許出願第60/963,941号(出願日:2007年8月7日)および第60/994,970号(出願日:2007年9月24日)に基づく利益を主張する。そのそれぞれは、参照によりその全体が本願に組み込まれる。
本発明は、米国立衛生研究所が交付したNIH/NHLBI助成金番号HLO74968の下で政府の支援を受けて行った。米国政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本発明は、細胞生物学、キナーゼ阻害ペプチドおよびペプチドをコードする核酸の使用ならびに治療におけるそれらの使用方法に関する。
キナーゼは、リン酸供与体(通例ATP)から受容体基質へのリン酸基転移反応を触媒する遍在酵素群である。すべてのキナーゼは、本質的に同じリン酸転移反応を触媒するが、それが関与する基質特異性、構造および経路において、著しい多様性を示す。すべての入手可能なキナーゼ配列(おおよそ60,000配列)の最近の分類によれば、キナーゼは25ファミリーの相同タンパク質に分類できることが示されている。フォールド構造の類似性に基づいて、これらのキナーゼファミリーは12フォールド群にまとめられる。25ファミリーのうちの22ファミリー(全配列のおおよそ98.8%)は、フォールド構造が既知の10フォールド群に属する。他の3ファミリーの内、ポリリン酸キナーゼは明確なフォールド群の1つを形成し、残りの2つのファミリーは、共に膜内在性キナーゼであり、最後のフォールド群を構成する。これらのフォールド群は、Rossmann様フォールド、フェレドキシン様フォールド、TIMバレルフォールドおよび逆平行βバレルフォールドなどの最も広く分布するタンパク質フォールドの一部ばかりでなく、タンパク質構造のすべての主要なクラス(全α、全β、α+β、α/β)もまた含む。フォールド群の範囲内では、各ファミリーのヌクレオチド結合ドメインのコアは同じ構造を有し、タンパク質のコアのトポロジーは、同じかまたは円順列変異によって関連づけられる。フォールド群内のファミリー間の相同性は含まれない。
真核プロテインキナーゼは、その触媒ドメインによって互いに関連する相同タンパク質の最大スーパーファミリーの1つを構成する。大部分の関連プロテインキナーゼは、セリン/トレオニンリン酸化またはチロシンリン酸化のいずれかに特異的である。プロテインキナーゼの刺激は、シグナル伝達系におけるこれらの酵素の最もよく見られる活性化機構の1つと考えられ、従って細胞外刺激に対する細胞応答における不可欠な役割を果たしている。多くの基質は、複数のプロテインキナーゼによりリン酸化を受けることが知られている。種々のプロテインキナーゼの触媒ドメインの一次配列に関するかなりの量の情報が公表されている。これらの配列は、ATP結合、触媒作用および構造的完全性維持に関与する多数の残基を共通にする。大部分のプロテインキナーゼは、よく保存された30〜32kDaの触媒ドメインを有する。プロテインキナーゼの調節因子を同定し利用する研究が試みられている。これらの調節因子は、抗体、阻害ペプチドおよび阻害薬を含む。
酵素阻害薬は、酵素に結合し、それによって酵素活性を低下させる分子である。阻害薬の結合により、酵素の活性部位に基質が入り込むのを妨げることができ、かつ/または酵素がその反応を触媒するのを妨げることができる。阻害薬の結合は可逆的かまたは不可逆的かのいずれかである。不可逆的阻害薬は、通例、酵素と反応して、例えば酵素活性に必要な重要なアミノ酸残基を修飾することによりそれを化学的に変化させる。対照的に、可逆的阻害薬は非共有結合的に結合し、これらの阻害薬が酵素に結合するのか、酵素-基質複合体に結合するのか、またはその両方であるのかに応じて種類の異なる阻害を生じる。
抗体(または"免疫グロブリン")は、抗原に反応して免疫系のBリンパ球により産生され、その抗原を有する異物を同定し中和するために身体により用いられるγグロブリンタンパク質である。その天然型において、一般的には、抗体は、それぞれが2つの大きな重(H)鎖および2つの小さな軽(L)鎖を有する基本構造単位でできており、例えば単位1つで単量体、単位2つで二量体、単位5つで五量体を形成する。いくつかの異なる抗体H鎖が存在し、いくつかの異なる種類の抗体が存在するが、それらは所有するH鎖に基づいて異なるアイソタイプに分類される。哺乳動物において5つの異なる抗体アイソタイプが知られ、それらは異なる役割を果たし、それらが遭遇するそれぞれ異なる外来物に対して適切な免疫反応を振り向けるのに役立つ。抗体の特異性および結合親和性は、その抗体の各アームに位置するVL鎖の3つの多可変ループおよびVH鎖の3つの超可変ループにより規定される。これらのループの長さおよび配列の変化により抗体結合部位(ACS)が限定される。本明細書において、用語"抗体"は、一例として天然に存在する抗体および天然に存在しない抗体の両方を含む。具体的には、用語"抗体"は、ポリクローナル抗体およびモノクローナル抗体ならびにそれらのフラグメントを含む。さらにまた、用語"抗体"は、キメラ抗体および完全合成抗体ならびにそれらのフラグメントを含む。本明細書において、用語"エピトープ"および"抗原決定基"は同義で使用され、ACSが認識し、それに抗体が自身を結合/接着させる分子上の部位を指すために用いられる。エピトープは、キナーゼ阻害ペプチド上の抗原決定基/抗原結合部位であることができる。エピトープは一次、二次または三次配列関連であることができる。
ペプチドは、2以上のアミノ酸の鎖で構成される化学化合物である。1つのアミノ酸のカルボキシル基が、隣接アミノ酸のアミノ基に結合されてペプチド結合を形成する。本明細書において、用語"ポリペプチド"は、その最も広い意味において、サブユニットであるアミノ酸、アミノ酸アナログまたはペプチドミメティックの配列を指すために用いられ、ここでサブユニットはペプチド結合で連結されている。ペプチドまたはポリペプチドは化学的に合成することもできるし、組換えで発現させることもできる。ペプチドは、タンパク質の構造と機能の研究に用いられてきた。どこでタンパク質-ペプチド相互作用が行われるかを調べるために、合成ペプチドをプローブとして用いることができる。プロテインキナーゼ、癌タンパク質および他の疾患の抑制に対するペプチドの効果を研究するために、臨床研究に阻害ペプチドを用いることができる。
新しいドラッグデリバリー技術は、薬物をより有効にすることが可能なので、治療における重要なニッチを占めている。ドラッグデリバリーは、いまだに薬物発見よりも劣るものと考えられ、95%を超える新規な潜在的治療剤が、不良な薬物動態学を示す。治療分子のサイトゾルへの放出のための最も大きな障害は、標的細胞の膜バリアである。タンパク質導入ドメイン(PTD)は、Trojanペプチド、膜輸送配列または細胞透過性タンパク質とも呼ばれ、一般に哺乳動物細胞の細胞膜を透過することができるペプチドのクラスである。PTDは、長さが一般に10〜16アミノ酸の、例えばアルギニンおよび/またはリジンを豊富に含むペプチドであり、それらの組成に従って分類できる。PTDはまた、新規HSP27キナーゼ阻害薬が細胞膜を透過するのを助けるために使用できる(例えば、2007年7月16日に出願されたPCT/US2007/16246、"Polypeptic Inhibitors of HSP27and Uses Thereof"を参照のこと(参照によりその全体が本願に組み込まれる))。PTDは、哺乳動物細胞を横切って多くの種類および分子量の化合物を輸送することができる。これらの化合物は、タンパク質などのエフェクター分子、DNA、結合型ペプチド、オリゴヌクレオチドおよびリポソームなどの小粒子を含む。PTDを他のタンパク質に化学的に結合させるか融合させる場合、これらの融合タンパク質もまた細胞膜を透過し、細胞に入り込むことができる。このような導入の正確な機構は未知であるが、これらのタンパク質の内在化は、受容体または輸送体を介するものとは考えられていない。細胞内にエフェクター分子を輸送することができるPTDの使用は、PTDがカーゴ分子の細胞内取り込みを促進するので、薬物の設計において、ますます興味が持たれている。これらの細胞透過ペプチドは、一般に、それらの配列に応じて両性または陽イオン性として分類され、高分子のための非侵襲的デリバリー技術を提供する。
導入特性を有するとして記載された最初のタンパク質はウイルス起源であった。これらのタンパク質は、いまだに最も認められたPTD作用のモデルである。HIV-1転写トランスアクチベーター(TAT)およびHSV-1 VP22タンパク質は最もよく解析されたウイルスPTD含有タンパク質である。
ホメオタンパク質は、形態学的過程に関与する高度に保存されたトランス活性化転写因子である。ホメオタンパク質は、60アミノ酸の特異的配列を介してDNAに結合する。DNA結合ホメオドメインは、ホメオタンパク質の最も高度に保存された配列である。いくつかのホメオタンパク質はPTD様活性を示す。それらは、エネルギーまたはエンドサイトーシスに依存せず、細胞型に限定されずに、細胞膜を横切って効率的に移動することができる。
いろいろのPTDペプチドが合成されている。これらの合成ペプチドの多くは、文書による十分な裏づけのある既存のペプチドに基づいているが、PTD機能に非常に重要と考えられる塩基性残基および/または正電荷に基づいて選択されたものもある。これらの合成ペプチドはPTD-4(YARAAARQARA)[配列番号153];PTD-5(RRQRRTSKLMKR)[配列番号154];MST-1(AAVLLPVLLAAR)[配列番号155];L-R9(RRRRRRRRR)[配列番号156];およびペプチド2(SGWFRRWKK)[配列番号157]を含む。
ヒトPTDは、ヒト患者に治療薬として投与に用いるとき、潜在的免疫原性問題を回避することができる。PTD配列を含むペプチドは、Hoxa-5、Hox-A4、Hox-B5、Hox-B6、Hox-B7、HOX-D3、GAX、MOX-2およびFtzPTDを含み、これら全部は、AntpPTD(RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK)[配列番号158]に見られる配列を共有する。他のPTDは、エネルギー、受容体またはエンドサイトーシスに依存しないで移動することができるIslet-1、インターロイキン-1β、腫瘍壊死因子および、Kaposi-FGF(K-FGFまたはFGF-4)シグナルペプチド由来の疎水性配列を含む。未確認のPTDは、線維芽細胞増殖因子(FGF)ファミリーメンバーを含む。
本発明は、治療用キナーゼ阻害組成物およびその使用方法を提供する。
一側面によれば、本発明は、キナーゼ阻害組成物であって、キナーゼ阻害ペプチドの治療的有効量を含む前記組成物において、キナーゼ阻害ペプチドがキナーゼ酵素のキナーゼ活性を阻害する前記組成物を提供する。
一般式IVのアミノ酸配列:
Q1-Z1-Z2-Z3-Z4-Z5-Z6-Q2[式IV]
(式中、Q1およびQ2は独立して存在しないか、または存在し、Q1およびQ2が存在する場合、Q1およびQ2は配列:
X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-X11[式IV(a)]
(式中、X1はK以外の任意のアミノ酸であるか、または存在せず;X2は存在するか、または存在せず;いくつかの前記実施形態においてX2が存在するとき、X2は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X2が存在するとき、X2は疎水性アミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X2が存在するとき、X2はAであり;X3は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X3は疎水性アミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X3はL、I、VおよびMからなる群から選択され;X4は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X4はQ、AおよびNからなる群から選択され;X5は任意の塩基性アミノ酸であり;X6は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X6はQおよびNからなる群から選択され;X7は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X7は疎水性アミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X7はL、I、VおよびMからなる群から選択され;X8は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X8はG、A、C、S、TおよびYからなる群から選択され;X9は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X9は疎水性アミノ酸であり;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X9はL、I、VおよびMからなる群から選択され;いくつかの前記実施形態において、X9はVであり;X10は任意のアミノ酸であり;X11は任意のアミノ酸であるか、または存在しない)のポリペプチドを含み;Z1およびZ2は存在し;Z3は存在するか、または存在せず、Z4は存在しないか、または存在し、Z4が存在する場合、Z3は存在し、Z5は存在しないか、または存在し、Z5が存在する場合、Z3およびZ4は存在し;Z6は存在しないか、または存在し、Z6が存在する場合、Z3、Z4およびZ5は存在し;Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5およびZ6のそれぞれは:
(a)X1-X2-B1-B2-X3-B3-X4[式IV(b)]
(式中、X1、X3およびX4のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり;X2は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの実施形態において、X2は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;B1、B2およびB3のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(b)X1-X2-B1-B2-X3-B3[式IV(c)]
(式中、X1およびX3のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり、X2は任意のアミノ酸であり、いくつかの実施形態において、X2は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;B1、B2およびB3のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(c)X1-X2-B1-B2-X3[式IV(d)]
(式中、X1およびX3のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり;X2は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの実施形態において、X2は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;B1およびB2のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(d)X1-B1-B2-X2-B3-X3[式IV(e)]
(式中、X1は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの実施形態において、X1は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;X2およびX3のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり、B1、B2およびB3のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(e)X1-B1-B2-X2-B3[式IV(f)]
(式中、X1は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;X2は任意の疎水性アミノ酸であり;B1、B2およびB3のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(f)X1-B1-B2-X2[式IV(g)]
(式中、X1は任意のアミノ酸であり;いくつかの実施形態において、X1は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;X2は疎水性アミノ酸であり;B1およびB2のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(g)X1-X2-B1-B2[式IV(h)
(式中、X1は疎水性アミノ酸であり、X2は任意のアミノ酸であり、いくつかの実施形態において、X2は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;B1およびB2のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(h)X1-X2-B1-X3-X4[式IV(i)]
(式中、X1、X3およびX4のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり;X2は任意のアミノ酸であり、いくつかの実施形態において、X2は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;B1は塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(i)X1-B1-X2-X3[式IV(j)]
(式中、X1は任意のアミノ酸であり、いくつかの実施形態において、X1は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;X2は任意のアミノ酸、疎水性アミノ酸またはQであり;X3は疎水性アミノ酸であり;B1は塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(j)X1-X2-B1-X3[式IV(k)]
(式中、X1およびX3のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり;X2は任意のアミノ酸であり、いくつかの実施形態において、X2は疎水性アミノ酸、HまたはNであり;B1は塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(k)B1-B2-X1-X2-B3-X3[式IV(l)]
(式中、X1、X2およびX3のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり;B1、B2およびB3のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(l)B1-B2-X1-X2-B3[式IV(m)]
(式中、X1およびX2のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり;B1、B2およびB3のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(m)B1-B2-X1-X2[式IV(n)]
(式中、X1およびX2のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり;B1およびB2のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(n)B1-X1-X2-B2-B3-X3[式IV(o)]
(式中、X1、X2およびX3のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり;B1、B2およびB3のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(o)B1-X1-X2-B2-B3[式IV(p)]
(式中、X1およびX2のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり、B1、B2およびB3のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)、
(p)B1-X1-X2-B2[式IV(q)]
(式中、X1およびX2のそれぞれは疎水性アミノ酸であり;B1およびB2のそれぞれは塩基性アミノ酸である)
からなる群から選択されるペプチドである、但し、Q2が存在する場合、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5またはZ6の一部としての、Q2の直前の2つのアミノ酸はKAであってはならない)を有するペプチドである。
Z1-X1-X2-X3-X4X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-Z2[式VI]
(式中、Z1およびZ2のそれぞれは存在しないか、または導入ドメインであり;X1は存在しないか、または存在し、存在する場合、A、KA、KKA、KKKAおよびRAからなる群から選択され;X2は脂肪族アミノ酸であるか、またはG、L、A、V、I、M、Y、WおよびFからなる群から選択され;X3は脂肪族アミノ酸であるか、またはV、L、I、A、G、Q、N、S、TおよびCからなる群から選択され;X4はQ、N、H、RおよびKからなる群から選択され;X5はQおよびNからなる群から選択され;X6は脂肪族アミノ酸であるか、またはC、A、G、L、V、I、M、Y、WおよびFからなる群から選択され;X7は脂肪族アミノ酸であるか、またはS、A、C、TおよびGからなる群から選択され;X8はV、L、IおよびMからなる群から選択され;X9は存在しないか、または任意のアミノ酸であり;X10は存在しないか、または任意のアミノ酸である)を有するペプチドである。
他の側面によれば、本発明は、キナーゼ酵素のキナーゼ活性を阻害する方法であって、(a)キナーゼ阻害組成物を提供し、ここでキナーゼ阻害組成物はキナーゼ阻害ペプチドの阻害量を含み;(b)キナーゼ阻害組成物とキナーゼ酵素とを接触させて、キナーゼ阻害ペプチドとキナーゼ酵素とを結合させ;(c)キナーゼ酵素のキナーゼ活性を低下させる段階を含む前記方法を提供する。
他の側面によれば、本発明は、細胞集団の過形成を抑制する方法であって、(a)キナーゼ阻害組成物の治療的有効量を、それを必要とする被験者に提供し、ここでキナーゼ阻害組成物はKIPペプチドに対して100%のアミノ酸配列同一性を有するポリペプチドをコードする単離された核酸を含み、ポリペプチドはキナーゼ酵素のキナーゼ活性を阻害し;(b)段階(a)のキナーゼ阻害組成物と少なくとも1つの過形成性細胞とを接触させて、単離された核酸と少なくとも1つの過形成性細胞とを結合させ;(c)過形成を抑制する段階を含む前記方法を提供する。他の実施形態において、段階(a)の単離された核酸は、さらに、制御調節因子を含む。
Heldmanら (A.W. Heldman, L. Cheng, G.M. Jenkins, etc., 2001, “Paclitaxel Stent Coating Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia at 4 Weeks in a Porcine Model of Coronary Restenosis,” Circulation, 103: 2289-2295) により記載されている冠動脈再狭窄のブタモデルを用いて、過形成を抑制するKIPペプチドの能力を評価することができる。KIPペプチドを含有する溶液にステントを浸し、溶媒を乾燥させることによりステントをコーティングする。コーティングされたステントをバルーンカテーテルに取り付け、エチレンオキシドガスを用いて滅菌する。ステント留置術の前日に、体重35〜45kgの雌雄のNIHミニブタをアスピリン(325mg)およびジルチアゼム(180mg)で前処置する。ケタミン(20mg/kg IM)およびアセチルプロマジン(0.22mg/kg IM)を用いて動物を落ち着かせ、仰臥位および気管内挿管を容易にするためにペントバルビタールナトリウム(4mg/kg IV)を動物に与えた後、滅菌外科技術に基づいて、右頚動脈に動脈シースを挿入する。ヘパリン(5000U)を投与後、ガイディングカテーテルを介して左冠動脈前下行枝にステントを送達し、バルーン膨張を用いて配備することができる。回復期間および実験期間を通じて血管造影図を撮る。特に、組織標本および組織形態計測学的分析を用いて過形成の大きさを評価することができる。
スキッドマウス腫瘍モデル、例えばBeckerら(J.C. Becker, N. Varki, S.D. Gillies, K. Furukawa, and R.A. Reisfeld, 1996, “Long-lived and Transferable Tumor Immunity in Mice after Targeted Interleukin-2 Therapy,” J. Clin. Invest., 98(12): 2801-2804) により記載されたものを用いて、新生物の増殖を抑制または低下させるKIPペプチドの能力を評価することができる。RPMI1640などの等張緩衝液に懸濁した5x106腫瘍細胞(マウス黒色腫細胞株B16または細胞株B78-D14など)の皮下注射により、皮下腫瘤を誘導することができる。14日以内に、およそ40μlの量の腫瘍が生じるはずである。KIPペプチドは、腫瘤に直接注射することもでき、腫瘍誘導時に注射により投与することもでき、ビヒクルまたはデバイスにより送達することもできる。新生物の増殖またはサイズを抑制、遅延、低下または調節するKIPペプチドの有効性を評価するために、特に、組織学、免疫組織化学または画像診断技術を用いて皮下腫瘤を評価することができる。
本明細書において、用語"プログラム細胞死"(または"PCD")は、細胞内在性プログラムにより媒介される、任意の形態の細胞死のことを言う。壊死(急性組織損傷により生じ、炎症反応を引き起こす細胞死の形態)と対照的に、PCDは、一般に生物の生活環中、利点を付与する調節された過程である。2つの型のPCDが知られている。アポトーシス(I型)およびオートファジー細胞死(II型)である。細胞死の他の経路は、非アポトーシス性プログラム細胞死(カスパーゼ非依存性PCDまたは壊死様PCDとも呼ばれる)、アノイキス(周囲の細胞外マトリックスから離れた足場依存性細胞により誘導されるアポトーシスの1形態)、角化、興奮毒性およびウォーラー変性(軸索変性)を含む。
Omnia(登録商標)Lysate Assay for MAPKAP-K2キット(Invitrogen社、カリフォルニア州カールスバート)を用い、表2に列挙したペプチドのそれぞれの存在下および非存在下でMK2の反応速度を測定した。簡潔に言えば、12.5μmol、25μmol、50μmolおよび100μmolの阻害ペプチド濃度を評価した。このキットは、登録商標をもつ反応緩衝液に以下を添加したものを含む(最終濃度を示す):1mM ATP、0.2mM DTT、10μM MAPKAP-K2 Sox修飾ペプチド基質、MK2 5ngおよび対象とするペプチド阻害薬(最終容量50μL)。キットに備わっている低タンパク結合性96ウェルプレートのウェル内で反応を行い、Molecular Devices社製M5分光光度計で、485nmで30秒毎に20分間、蛍光を測定した。配列KALNRQLGVAA[配列番号124]を有するペプチドを基準として用いたが、これはHayessおよびBenndorfの研究に基づいた既知の阻害薬だからである(Katrin Hayess and Rainer Benndorf, 1997, “Effect of protein kinase inhibitors on activity of mammalian small heat-shock protein (HSP25) kinase”, Biochemical Pharmacology, 53(9): 1239-1247。
WLRRIKAWLRRIKA[配列番号134]導入ドメインのMK2阻害活性と、他の既知の導入ドメイン、YARAAARQARA[配列番号135]およびYGRKKKRRQRRR[配列番号136]のMK2阻害活性とを比較した。実施例1と同じアッセイ条件を用いて、導入ドメインのMK2活性を試験した。その結果を表4に示す。
導入ドメインを有する1組のMK2阻害ペプチドを合成した(表5参照)。バリアントは、WLRRIKAWLRRIKA[配列番号134]導入ドメインを有し、治療ドメインにおいてアラニンをアスパラギンに置換するか、アラニンをグリシンに置換するか、あるいは両方のアラニン置換したペプチドを含む。YARAAARQARA[配列番号135]導入ドメインを有する同様のペプチドもまた製造した。これらのバリアントの反応速度と、阻害薬を添加しないブランクの反応速度とを比較した。表6に結果を示す。表6のデータは、MK2の阻害における導入ドメインと治療ドメインとの相乗効果を示している。WLRRIKAWLRRIKA[配列番号134]導入ドメインはYARAAARQARA[配列番号135]導入ドメインよりはるかに強力なMK2の阻害薬であるため、WLRRIKAWLRRIKA[配列番号134]導入ドメインを有するペプチドは、所定の濃度において、YARAAARQARA[配列番号135]導入ドメインを有するペプチドよりもはるかに強力なMK2の阻害薬である。
種々の異なるキナーゼをプロファイリングするために、KIPペプチドWLRRIKAWLRRIKALNRQLGVAA[配列番号142]、KAFAKLAARLYRKALARQLGVAA[配列番号173]およびFAKLAARLYRKALARQLGVAA[配列番号163]を用いた。キナーゼのプロファイリングを行うために、Millipore Corporation社(マサチューセッツ州ビルリカ)の子会社であるUpstate社により提供されているkinase profilerアッセイサービスを用いた。kinase profilerアッセイは放射分析であり、所定の時点および温度で、既知の濃度のキナーゼ酵素、阻害薬、ATPおよび緩衝液を用いて、ATP(γ-33P-ATP)から基質ペプチドへの放射能移行量を測定することに基づく。各キナーゼの反応条件の詳細は、http://www.millipore.com/drugdiscovery/dd3/KinaseProfiler から得ることができる。例えば、ROCK-1(h)の阻害は、20mM MOPS、1mM EDTA、0.01%Brij-35、5%グリセロール、0.1%β-メルカプトエタノール、1mg/mL BSAを含有する緩衝液を用いて行った。8mM MOPS(pH7.0)、0.2mM EDTA、30μMペプチドKEAKEKRQEQIAKRRRLSSLRASTSKSGGSQK、10mM酢酸マグネシウムおよびγ-33P-ATP(比活性おおよそ500cpm/pmol、濃度は必要に応じて)を最終反応容量25μlにしてROCK-1(h)(5〜10mU)と共にインキュベートした。阻害化合物の非存在下および存在下で、MgATP混合物の添加により反応を開始させた。室温で40分間インキュベーション後、3%リン酸溶液5μlを添加することにより反応を停止させた。次いで、P30filtermat上に反応混合物10μlをスポットした。75mMリン酸で3回5分間洗浄し、メタノールで1回洗浄し、乾燥しシンチレーション計数により計数した。キナーゼが阻害されていない場合、キナーゼは、正に荷電した基質を放射性ATPでリン酸化し、次いでそれが負電荷を持つフィルター膜に結合する。シンチレーションカウント(放射能)は、キナーゼ活性に直接相関する。個別の各キナーゼのKmの15μM以内のATP濃度でアッセイを行った。100未満のプロファイリングデータは、すべてキナーゼ阻害を示し、100を超えるデータはキナーゼ刺激を示す。
96ウェルプレートの各ウェルにMCF-7乳癌細胞を播種し、加湿型5%CO2インキュベーター中37℃で24時間維持した。翌日、KIPペプチドHRRIKAWLKKIKALARQLGVAA[配列番号166]の原液1μlに加えて新鮮培地を加え、最終濃度を3μMまたは10μMにした(n=4)。細胞を24時間インキュベートした後、細胞を、核染色のためにHoescht色素で処理し、壊死性細胞からのDNAを染色するためにヨウ化プロピジウムで処理し、アポトーシス細胞を可視化するためにアネキシンVで処理した。
Claims (19)
- 下式VIの配列を有する、単離されたポリペプチドであって、
Z1-X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-Z2 [式VI]、
X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10がKALARQLGVAAまたはKALNRQLAVAAであり、
Z1及びZ2のそれぞれは存在しないか、または導入ドメインである、ポリペプチド。 - 前記ポリペプチドが
HRRIKAWLKKIKALARQLGVAA[配列番号166]
である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。 - 前記ポリペプチドが
KAFAKLAARLYRKALARQLGVAA[配列番号173]
である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。 - 前記ポリペプチドが
FAKLAARLYRKALARQLGVAA[配列番号163]
である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。 - 前記ポリペプチドが
YARAAARQARAKALARQLGVAA[配列番号106]
である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。 - 前記ポリペプチドが
YARAAARQARAKALNRQLAVAA[配列番号100]
である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。 - 前記ポリペプチドが合成されたものである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記ポリペプチドがL-アミノ酸、D-アミノ酸、または両方を含有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のポリペプチド。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のポリペプチド及び薬学的に許容される担体を含有する組成物。
- 前記薬学的に許容される担体が水、リンゲル液、食塩水、及び油からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、経口、口腔内、非経口、局所、吸入、直腸内からなる群から選択される投与形態である、請求項9または10に記載の組成物。
- 前記投与形態が非経口であって、前記非経口の投与形態は、皮下、筋肉内、静脈内、髄腔内、胸骨内、点滴からなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が粉末形である、請求項9〜12のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が注射可能である、請求項9〜12のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリペプチドが、約0.01μg/体重(kg)〜約10mg/体重(kg)の範囲の治療有効量である、請求項9〜14のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリペプチドが、約0.05μg/体重(kg)〜約5mg/体重(kg)の範囲の治療有効量である、請求項9〜14のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- キナーゼ酵素のキナーゼ活性を阻害する薬剤の製造におけるキナーゼ阻害組成物の使用であって、
前記キナーゼ阻害組成物は請求項1〜8に記載のいずれか1つの単離されたポリペプチドの阻害量を含み、キナーゼ酵素は前記キナーゼ阻害組成物と接触し、前記キナーゼ酵素の活性が阻害される、使用。 - キナーゼ酵素のキナーゼ活性を阻害する薬剤の製造におけるキナーゼ阻害組成物の使用であって、
前記キナーゼ阻害組成物は請求項9〜16に記載のいずれか1つ組成物を含み、キナーゼ酵素は前記キナーゼ阻害組成物と接触し、前記キナーゼ酵素の活性が阻害される、使用。 - 乳癌細胞、中枢神経系癌細胞、結腸癌細胞、膵臓癌細胞、前立腺癌細胞、肺癌細胞からなる群から選択される癌細胞を含む新生物を治療するための薬剤の製造方法における薬物学的組成物の使用方法であって、前記薬物学的組成物は、請求項1に記載の式VIの配列を有する単離されたペプチドを含み、前記ペプチドは、HRRIKAWLKKIKALARQLGVAA[配列番号166]、WLRRIKAHRRIKALARQLGVAA[配列番号167]、またはWLRRIKAWLRRALNRQLGVAA [配列番号169]である、使用方法。
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