JP5701771B2 - 剥離したカーボンナノチューブ、その製造方法およびそれから得られる生成物 - Google Patents
剥離したカーボンナノチューブ、その製造方法およびそれから得られる生成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5701771B2 JP5701771B2 JP2011542495A JP2011542495A JP5701771B2 JP 5701771 B2 JP5701771 B2 JP 5701771B2 JP 2011542495 A JP2011542495 A JP 2011542495A JP 2011542495 A JP2011542495 A JP 2011542495A JP 5701771 B2 JP5701771 B2 JP 5701771B2
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- carbon nanotubes
- exfoliated
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- exfoliated carbon
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- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本願は、各々出典明示して本明細書の一部とみなす、2008年12月18日に出願した米国仮特許出願61/138,551および2008年12月19日に出願した61/139,050に基づく優先権を主張する。
適用されない。
種々の形態において、剥離したカーボンナノチューブの組成物を本明細書に開示する。剥離したカーボンナノチューブは固体状態(例えば、分散したカーボンナノチューブのマットのような)で分散する。剥離したカーボンナノチューブは、例えば、ポリマーマトリクス分散剤または溶液のような連続マトリクス中に分散することなく、剥離した状態で維持される。
以下の記載においては、本明細書に開示する本発明の形態の徹底的な理解を提供するように、具体的な量、サイズ他のような特定の詳細を記載する。しかしながら、当業者であれば、かかる具体的な詳記がなくても本明細書の開示を実施し得ることは明白である。多くの場合、かかる考慮などに関する詳細はできるかぎり省略する。なぜなら、かかる詳細は本明細書の開示を完全に理解するために必要でなく、それらは関連技術の当業者の範囲内のものだからである。
以下の実験例を含めて本明細書に開示する詳細な態様を説明する。例に記載する方法が本明細書に開示する例示的な形態を単に代表するものであることは当業者によって理解されるべきである。当業者であれば、本明細書の開示に鑑みて、記載した特定の形態に多くの変化を付けることができ、本明細書に開示した意図および範囲から逸脱することなく類似または同様の結果を未だ得ることができることを理解すべきである。
カーボンナノチューブの分散溶液は、Zr(HPO4)2・H2Oナノプレートおよび水酸化テトラブチルアンモニウム(5重量% Zr(HPO4)2・H2O;Zr(HPO4)2・H2O:水酸化テトラブチルアンモニウムの比1:0.8)の溶液2mLに入れた10mgのマルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブから調製した。つづいて、その溶液を30mLに希釈し、ついで2時間超音波処理した。溶液は、少なくとも24時間安定であった。0.01M KClのアリコットを加え、一定量の剥離したマルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブの沈殿を得た。沈殿した画分を遠心により取り出した。単離したナノチューブの量は、元々懸濁したカーボンナノチューブの体積のほぼ1/10であった。濾液は0.01M KClの他のアリコットで処理して、マルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブの第2の沈殿を得た。懸濁液から実質的に全てのナノチューブが沈殿するまで、沈殿/遠心工程を繰り返した。
試料中に存在した最長のカーボンナノチューブの長さの約1/10の長さのナノプレートサイズを用いた以外は本明細書中で前記した実施例1に記載した実験方法を繰り返した。0.01M KClを添加した後に第1の沈殿画分を取り出した後に、異なる(大きい)サイズの第2の量のナノプレートを添加する。第2の量のナノプレートは、0.01M KClを添加した後に第2の量のナノチューブを分画する。ナノチューブの第2の沈殿画分は、第1の沈殿画分よりも異なる長さの分布を有し得る。懸濁液から実質的に全てのナノチューブが沈殿するまで、次第により大きなナノプレートを用いて沈殿/遠心工程を繰り返した。
室温にて400mLの希硝酸(pH=2)中に10gのヒドロキシアパタイト(Sigma Aldrich試薬等級)を溶解し、つづいて48mLの1%(v/v)水酸化アンモニウムを非常にゆっくりと添加することによって、制御したサイズのヒドロキシアパタイト・ナノプレートを合成した。pH=4およびpH=5で収集した結晶は、約7ないし8のアスペクト比および3−15μmの範囲の直径を有するプレートであることが顕微鏡観察によって判明した。図4は直径3−15μmのヒドロキシアパタイトの例示的な電子顕微鏡写真を示す。1%(v/v)水酸化アンモニウムの添加速度を増大すると、平均プレートサイズが減少した。
最初に、2gのヒドロキシアパタイトをエタノール:水を3:1の比で含有する40mLの希硝酸(pH=2)に溶解した。ついで、その混合物を80mLの5体積%の水酸化アンモニウムに入れ、3:1の比のエタノール:水にも入れて冷やした。生じたpHは8.5であった。乳白色ゼリー状の沈殿を生じた。ついで、沈殿を含む得られた混合物をマグネティックスターラー付きホットプレート上、70ないし80℃にて24時間加熱した。その後、ヒドロキシアパタイト結晶を濾過し、脱イオン水で洗浄し、乾燥した。電子顕微鏡は、約25のアスペクト比および100−200nmの長さを有するヒドロキシアパタイト・ナノロッドが形成したことを示した。図5は、100−200nmの長さを有するヒドロキシアパタイト・ナノロッドの例示的な電子顕微鏡写真を示す。
0.5142gのヒドロキシアパタイト・ナノロッドを50mLの水および0.8280gの水酸化テトラブチルアンモニウム(Sigma Aldrich試薬等級;TBAH;モル比1:1のヒドロキシアパタイト:TBAH)に添加した。得られた混合物を25℃にて1時間超音波処理し、ついで脱イオン水で希釈してヒドロキシアパタイト含量に基づいて0.2重量%の溶液を得た。
40mgのマルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブを3:1の硫酸:硝酸混合物40mLに加え、25℃にて60分間超音波処理した。その混合物の液滴をPVDFフィルター上に置き、風乾した。図9は3:1のH2SO4:HNO3から得た剥離したカーボンナノチューブの例示的な電子顕微鏡写真を示す。図9に示すように、剥離は乾燥により酸を除去した後にも維持していた。
3:1の硫酸:硝酸中の1重量%のダブルウォール・カーボンナノチューブ溶液を、先に記載したように2時間処理した。濃酸溶液を濾過した後にダブルウォール・カーボンナノチューブを固定化し、固定化したカーボンナノチューブを洗液がpH=4.5になるまで脱イオン水で洗浄した。いまだ濡れている間に、PVDFフィルター紙およびダブルウォール・カーボンナノチューブを、ドデシル硫酸猶トリウム(SDS)に対するダブルウォール・カーボンナノチューブの重量が1:3になるように脱イオン水中の0.2重量%のSDS溶液で30分間超音波処理した。混合物は少なくとも24時間安定であった。その混合物の液滴をカーボンテープ上に置き、電子顕微鏡観察によって調べるために乾燥し、それは剥離したカーボンナノチューブを示した。図10は酸剥離およびドデシル硫酸ナトリウムを用いて処理した後の剥離したダブルウォール・カーボンナノチューブの例示的な電子顕微鏡写真を示す。
5mgの酸処理したマルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブを10mLのテトラエチレンテトラアミン(TETA)に入れ、SDSに対するマルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブの重量比が5、2.5、1および0.33ないし1になるようにドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)の種々の添加物を添加した。その混合物を30℃にて30分間超音波処理し、放置した。7日後、1:1および1:0.33比のものは沈殿に向けて安定であることが示された。
コントロール1:10gのポリ(エチレンオキシド)(PEO;分子量1500)を溶融し、1mLの4N水酸化カリウムを添加して電解質を作製した。1重量%の回収したマルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブを電解質混合物に加え、超音波バス中で15分間超音波処理した。ほぼ2.1gの混合物を集電装置として銅線を接着した6cm径のポリスチレン製ペトリ皿の一部分にほぼ2.1gの混合物を注いだ。ついで、きれいな筆記用紙片を溶融した液体電解質に入れ、端部を垂らさないように2gの電解質を紙に注いだ。ついで、接着した銅線を含むペトリ皿の他の側を挿入してコンデンサを製造した。15分間、室温に冷却した後に、HP 4282Aキャパシタンス計を用いてキャパシタンスを測定した。測定したキャパシタンスは0.0645マイクロファラドであった。コントロール2:マルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブの代わりに回収グラフェン(Rice University)を用いる以外はコントロール1と同様にしてコントロール2を調製した。測定したキャパシタンスは0.176マイクロファラドであった。剥離したカーボンナノチューブ・コンデンサ:回収したマルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブの代わりに剥離したマルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブを用いる以外はコントロール1と同様にしてコンデンサを調製した。測定したキャパシタンスは0.904マイクロファラドであり、コントロール1の14倍およびコントロール2の5.1倍の改善であった。
102mgの剥離したマルチウォール・カーボンナノチューブを、100mgの硫酸銅、640mgのEDTAナトリウム、15mgのポリエチレングリコール、568mgの硫酸ナトリウムおよび60mLの脱イオン水に加えた。その混合物を10分間超音波処理し、ついで、40℃に加熱した。3mLのホルムアルデヒド(37%溶液)および500mgの水酸化ナトリウムを添加してpHを12.2とした。その混合物を85℃にて30分間攪拌し、ついで5ミクロンPVDFフィルターを用いて濾過し、200mLの脱イオン水で洗浄した。図11は混合物から得た酸化銅ナノ粒子で修飾した剥離したカーボンナノチューブの例示的な電子顕微鏡写真を示す。
Claims (17)
- a)第1の量のナノ結晶性材料を含む溶液にカーボンナノチューブを懸濁し;
b)溶液から第1の量の剥離したカーボンナノチューブを沈殿させ;ついで
c)第1の量の剥離したカーボンナノチューブを単離する
ことを含む、剥離したカーボンナノチューブの調製方法であって、
前記ナノ結晶性材料が、ヒドロキシアパタイトおよびヒドロキシアパタイト誘導体よりなる群から選択される方法。 - さらに、溶液が界面活性剤を含む請求項1記載の方法。
- さらに、沈殿させることが、溶液のイオン強度を調節することを含む請求項1または2記載の方法。
- さらに、沈殿させることが、溶液に電位を加えることを含む請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- さらに、沈殿させることが、溶液のpHを調節することを含む請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- さらに、溶液がキラル剤を含み;かつ
第1の量の剥離したカーボンナノチューブをキラリティーによって選択的に沈殿させる請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - キラル剤が、界面活性剤、ポリマーおよびそれらの組合せよりなる群から選択される請求項6記載の方法。
- 剥離したカーボンナノチューブを長さによって選択的に沈殿させる請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 剥離したカーボンナノチューブを直径によって選択的に沈殿させる請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- さらに、
第2の量のナノ結晶性材料を溶液に加え;ついで
第2の量の剥離したカーボンナノチューブを沈殿させることを含む
請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 第1の量の剥離したカーボンナノチューブおよび第2の量の剥離したカーボンナノチューブが互いに異なる特性を有する請求項10記載の方法。
- ナノ結晶性材料が、ナノプレート、ナノロッドおよびナノウィスカーよりなる群から選択される結晶形を有する請求項1ないし11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ナノ結晶性材料が、粘土、グラファイト、無機結晶性材料、有機結晶性材料およびそれらの種々の組合せよりなる群から選択される請求項1ないし12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- a)ヒドロキシアパタイトを含む溶液にカーボンナノチューブを懸濁し;
b)溶液から剥離したカーボンナノチューブを沈殿させ;ついで
c)剥離したカーボンナノチューブを単離する
ことを含む、剥離したカーボンナノチューブの調製方法。 - ヒドロキシアパタイトが、ナノロッド、ナノプレートおよびナノウィスカーよりなる群から選択される結晶形を有する請求項14記載の方法。
- さらに、剥離したカーボンナノチューブから残余のヒドロキシアパタイトを除去することを含む請求項14または15記載の方法。
- 除去することが、剥離したカーボンナノチューブを単離した後にそれを酸で洗浄することを含む請求項16記載の方法。
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JP5886377B2 (ja) | 2016-03-16 |
JP2014237583A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
CA2747728C (en) | 2017-11-28 |
JP2016166122A (ja) | 2016-09-15 |
WO2010117392A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
EP4234490A3 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
KR101748190B1 (ko) | 2017-06-16 |
CN105367824A (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
CN102387922B (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
US20110294013A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
CA2747728A1 (en) | 2010-08-14 |
CN105367824B (zh) | 2018-07-03 |
KR20110107342A (ko) | 2011-09-30 |
EP2379325A4 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
ES2957854T3 (es) | 2024-01-26 |
JP2012512811A (ja) | 2012-06-07 |
CN102387922A (zh) | 2012-03-21 |
EP4234490A2 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
JP6220909B2 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
HUE064335T2 (hu) | 2024-03-28 |
EP2379325A1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
EP2379325B1 (en) | 2023-07-26 |
US10361450B2 (en) | 2019-07-23 |
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