JP5697748B2 - 二酸化炭素富化デバイス - Google Patents
二酸化炭素富化デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5697748B2 JP5697748B2 JP2013517873A JP2013517873A JP5697748B2 JP 5697748 B2 JP5697748 B2 JP 5697748B2 JP 2013517873 A JP2013517873 A JP 2013517873A JP 2013517873 A JP2013517873 A JP 2013517873A JP 5697748 B2 JP5697748 B2 JP 5697748B2
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- gas diffusion
- carbon dioxide
- diffusion electrode
- catalyst
- polymer
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
[化2]
O2+2H2O+4e−→4OH−
CO2+OH−→HCO3 −
[化3]
H2O→1/2O2+2H++2e−
HCO3 −+H+→H2O+CO2
また、「富化」とは、特定の気体の濃度を初期状態よりも高い状態にすることを意味し、「二酸化炭素富化デバイス」とは、二酸化炭素の濃度を選択性高く初期状態よりも高い状態にすることができるデバイスを意味する。
[数1]
(総無機炭素濃度)=[H2CO3]+[HCO3 −]+[CO3 2−]
(i)X線光電子分光分析により分析した、窒素原子に配位した金属の含有率が0.4モル%以上である、
(ii)X線光電子分光分析により、窒素原子に配位した金属の存在が認められ、かつ、窒素原子の含有率が6.0モル%以上である。
[化1]
CO2+H2O→HCO3 −+H+
したがって、本発明によれば、高い富化性能を有し、かつ駆動時に要するエネルギーを大幅に低減することができる二酸化炭素富化デバイスを提供することができる。
[化4]
[化5]
[化6]
(i)X線光電子分光分析により分析した、窒素原子に配位した金属の含有率が0.4モル%以上である。
(ii)X線光電子分光分析により、窒素原子に配位した金属の存在が認められ、かつ、窒素原子の含有率が6.0モル%以上である。
[化7]
CO2+H2O⇔H++HCO3 −
O2+2H2O+4e−→4OH−
の電気化学反応が起こり、酸素が還元されることにより水酸化物イオンが生じることで、電極近傍のpHが大きくなる。この反応によるpH変化により、
CO2+OH−→HCO3 −
の二酸化炭素の溶解、電離反応が起こる。
CO2+H2O→H++HCO3 −
の二酸化炭素の溶解、電離反応が起こり、この反応で生じた水素イオンH+を用いて、
1/2O2+2H++2e−→H2O
の酸素還元の電気化学反応が起こる。ガス拡散電極1側に存在する二酸化炭素濃度が高いほど上記反応量は多くなり、当該二酸化炭素富化デバイスの電流値は大きくなる。
2H2O→O2+4H++4e−
の水の酸化反応が起こり、酸素が発生し、またこの反応によりガス拡散電極2近傍では水素イオンH+濃度が高くなり、pHが小さくなる。このpH変化により炭酸水素イオンHCO3 −、炭酸イオンCO3 2−、炭酸H2CO3の間の平衡が大きく炭酸側に偏るため、水素イオンH+と電解液3中の炭酸水素イオンHCO3 −が、
H++HCO3 −→H2CO3
H2CO3→H2O+CO2
のように反応することで、二酸化炭素が生成される。結果としてガス拡散電極2側からは、酸素および二酸化炭素の混合ガスが排出される。大気濃度の二酸化炭素(0.04%)がガス拡散電極1に供給される場合には、酸素:二酸化炭素がおよそ1:1〜2:1程度へと富化される。
H2O+CO2→H++HCO3 −
の反応が起こりやすくなるので、アノードであるガス拡散電極2側での反応が起こるための過電圧が大きくなる。このため、同一電圧で反応量を大きくするには、ガス拡散電極2側は二酸化炭素濃度が希薄であれば希薄である方が良く、好ましくは5%以下である。より好ましくは、ガス拡散電極2側に気流を発生させ、常に二酸化炭素濃度を希釈する装置を備える。
CO2(g)→CO2(aq)
により起こる。電解液3中に溶解した二酸化炭素の一部は水分子の付加により、炭酸となる。
CO2(aq)+H2O(l)→H2CO3(aq)
H2CO3(aq)→HCO3 −(aq)+H+(aq)
[実施例1]
(ガス拡散電極の作製)
導電性多孔質材料には市販のカーボンペーパー(気孔率70%、厚さ0.4mm)を用いた。ガス拡散性を向上させるためにカーボンペーパーの一方の面にポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)30wt%が分散した溶液をバーコーター法により塗布し、窒素雰囲気電気炉中で340℃の温度において20分間焼成して樹脂をカーボンペーパーに固着させ、撥水加工を施した。
炭酸水素ナトリウムNaHCO3と水酸化ナトリウムNaOHをイオン交換水に溶解させ、NaHCO3が飽和した条件において、pH値を種々変化させた。
ガス拡散電極1と、ガス拡散電極2とを互いに対向するように配置し、その間を電解液3で満たした。電解液3は、ガス拡散電極1及びガス拡散電極2を介して外気に触れる他は外気に触れないように密閉し、ガス拡散電極1がカソード、ガス拡散電極2がアノードとなるように直流電源4にこれらの電極を接続した。これにより、当該二酸化炭素富化デバイスを得た。ガス拡散電極2から排出された二酸化炭素の量が観測できるように、ガス拡散電極2側には8mL/cm2となるような容積の管付きガラス容器を取り付け、Oリングにより、排出されたガスが漏れないように密閉した。ガラス容器の管部分には、二酸化炭素検知器(固体電解質センサタイプ、分解能0.01%)を、排出されたガスが漏れないように取り付けた。室温、および系の温度は25℃とした。
[数2]
(単位面積あたり排出量)=(ガラス容器内の二酸化炭素濃度)×(ガラス容器の体積)/(ガラス容器により囲まれているガス拡散電極2の面積)
図2より、電圧印加の時間経過に比例して二酸化炭素の排出量が増大していることが確認できた。これより、当該二酸化炭素富化デバイスを用いることによって、安定的に二酸化炭素の富化が可能であることが分かった。
実施例1と同様にして、電解液3のpHをNaOHの添加により種々変化させ、ガス拡散電極1とガス拡散電極2との間に1.2Vの直流電圧を印加して、ガス拡散電極2に取り付けたガラス容器内の二酸化炭素濃度を二酸化炭素検出器で測定することにより確認し、二酸化炭素の排出量を測定した。その結果を図3に示す。図3より、二酸化炭素の排出速度は電解液pHに大きく依存し、単位面積あたりCO2排出量は電解液pHが9.0の場合に極大となることが確認できた。これより、電解液3のpHは8.5〜9.5が好ましいことが分かった。
実施例1で述べた図2に示した当該二酸化炭素富化デバイスの性能と、非特許文献1に示した多孔質高分子膜の透過速度の違いを利用した二酸化炭素促進輸送膜の二酸化炭素富化性能、および特許文献1に示した固体溶融塩を用いたデバイスの二酸化炭素富化性能を比較した結果を表1に示す。表1より、本願に係る二酸化炭素富化デバイスは、1気圧の条件では比較例1の二酸化炭素促進輸送膜よりも高い二酸化炭素富化性能を有し、かつ比較例2の固体溶融塩電気化学デバイスのように高温に加熱することを必要とせずに高い二酸化炭素富化性能を発現できることが分かった。
(金属錯体からなる電極触媒(Co-2,6-ジアミノピリジンポリマー(CoDAPP)触媒)の調製)
2,6-ジアミノピリジンモノマー(Aldrich社)と酸化剤ペルオキシ二硫酸アンモニウム(APS)(Wako社)を1:1.5のモル比で混合し、撹拌した。具体的には、5.45gの2,6-ジアミノピリジンと1gの水酸化ナトリウムを400mLの蒸留水に溶かし、その後27.6gのAPSと100mLの水を加えた。得られた混合物を5分間撹拌し、室温で12時間、2,6-ジアミノピリジンを重合させた。重合反応後、得られた黒色の沈殿物を3000rpmで遠心して回収し、蒸留水で3回洗浄した。真空下で60℃にて数時間乾燥させて2,6-ジアミノピリジンポリマーを得た。
実施例1で用いた白金担持カーボンブラックの代わりに、Co-2,6-ジアミノピリジンポリマー(CoDAPP)触媒を同様に用い、実施例1と同様にしてガス拡散電極1及びガス拡散電極2を作製した。
2 第2のガス拡散電極(アノード)
3 電解液
4 直流電源
Claims (9)
- 第1のガス拡散電極と、
前記第1のガス拡散電極から離間して配置された第2のガス拡散電極と、
前記第1のガス拡散電極と前記第2のガス拡散電極との間に前記第1のガス拡散電極と前記第2のガス拡散電極とに接触して存在する電解液と、を有してなる二酸化炭素富化デバイスであって、
前記電解液は、溶媒と、該溶媒に溶解された溶質と、を含み、前記溶質が前記溶媒に溶解されて、炭酸、炭酸水素イオン、炭酸イオンの少なくとも一種を含む溶存無機炭素が生成されており、
前記電解液のpHが5〜14であり、
前記第1のガス拡散電極での酸素還元反応により酸素が消費されるとともに、二酸化炭素の溶媒への溶解、電離反応により、溶存無機炭素が生成され、
前記溶質由来の溶存無機炭素、又は前記第1のガス拡散電極で生成された溶存無機炭素が前記第2のガス拡散電極へ輸送され、
第2のガス拡散電極での溶媒の酸化反応により当該第2のガス拡散電極近傍で溶媒から酸素が生成されるとともに、溶存無機炭素から二酸化炭素が生成される二酸化炭素富化デバイス。 - 前記電解液中の下記[数1]により算出される総無機炭素濃度が、100μmol/L以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素富化デバイス。
[数1]
(総無機炭素濃度)=[H2CO3]+[HCO3 −]+[CO3 2−] - 前記第2のガス拡散電極から排出される二酸化炭素と酸素とのモル比が、1:0.1〜10であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の二酸化炭素富化デバイス。
- 前記第1のガス拡散電極及び前記第2のガス拡散電極は、多孔質導電体と、電極触媒と、を有してなることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか一項に記載の二酸化炭素富化デバイス。
- 前記電極触媒は、
ジアミノピリジン、トリアミノピリジン、テトラアミノピリジン、ジアミノピリジン誘導体、トリアミノピリジン誘導体、テトラアミノピリジン誘導体からなる群から選択される
一以上のモノマーの重合体、又は前記重合体の変性物の何れかと、
触媒金属と、を含む、
金属錯体又は前記金属錯体の触媒成分を含み、
下記の(i)又は(ii)の少なくとも一つを満たすことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の二酸化炭素富化デバイス。
(i)X線光電子分光分析により分析した、窒素原子に配位した金属の含有率が0.4モル%以上である
(ii)X線光電子分光分析により、窒素原子に配位した金属の存在が認められ、かつ、窒素原子の含有率が6.0モル%以上である。 - 前記電極触媒は、
ジアミノピリジン、トリアミノピリジン、テトラアミノピリジンからなる群から選択される一以上のモノマーの重合体と、
触媒金属と、からなる重合体金属錯体を焼成して成る、
焼成金属錯体、又は前記焼成金属錯体の触媒成分の何れかを含むことを特徴とする請
求項5に記載の二酸化炭素富化デバイス。 - 前記多孔質導電体の比表面積は、BET吸着測定において1m2/g以上であることを特徴とする請求項4乃至6の何れか一項に記載の二酸化炭素富化デバイス。
- 前記電解液は、高分子ゲル電解質であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載の二酸化炭素富化デバイス。
- 前記電解液は、下記[化1]の反応を促進する炭酸脱水触媒を含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至8の何れか一項に記載の二酸化炭素富化デバイス。
[化1]
CO2+H2O→HCO3 −+H+
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PCT/JP2012/003505 WO2012164912A1 (ja) | 2011-05-31 | 2012-05-29 | 二酸化炭素富化デバイス |
JP2013517873A JP5697748B2 (ja) | 2011-05-31 | 2012-05-29 | 二酸化炭素富化デバイス |
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WO2014157012A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-02 | 次世代型膜モジュール技術研究組合 | ガス分離膜およびガス分離方法 |
DE102013224077A1 (de) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-05-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Protonenschwämme als Zusatz zu Elektrolyten für die photokatalytische und elektrochemische CO2-Reduktion |
CN107837821A (zh) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种二氧化碳电还原用电极及其制备和应用 |
US11207640B2 (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2021-12-28 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | System and method for adjusting carbon dioxide concentration in indoor atmospheres |
CN108385129B (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-04-10 | 碳能科技(北京)有限公司 | 一种甲酸的制备方法 |
US10811711B2 (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-10-20 | University Of Delaware | Electrochemical devices and fuel cell systems |
JP7459755B2 (ja) * | 2020-10-20 | 2024-04-02 | 株式会社デンソー | 電気化学セルおよび二酸化炭素回収システム |
CN114836769B (zh) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-03-22 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种2,6-二氨基吡啶/银多孔光电极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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US3401100A (en) * | 1964-05-26 | 1968-09-10 | Trw Inc | Electrolytic process for concentrating carbon dioxide |
US3896015A (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1975-07-22 | Ionics | Method and apparatus for separating weakly ionizable substances from fluids containing the same |
US4620914A (en) * | 1985-07-02 | 1986-11-04 | Energy Research Corporation | Apparatus for purifying hydrogen |
JP4075103B2 (ja) | 1997-07-11 | 2008-04-16 | 株式会社Ihi | 二酸化炭素の電気化学的分離法 |
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US8177946B2 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2012-05-15 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Electrochemical formation of hydroxide for enhancing carbon dioxide and acid gas uptake by a solution |
US8900435B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2014-12-02 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Separating gas using ion exchange |
US7938890B2 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2011-05-10 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Separating gas using immobilized buffers |
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