JP5689377B2 - 恒久的に血管を開いた状態にするための薬剤溶出医療デバイスの製造、方法、および使用 - Google Patents
恒久的に血管を開いた状態にするための薬剤溶出医療デバイスの製造、方法、および使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5689377B2 JP5689377B2 JP2011148906A JP2011148906A JP5689377B2 JP 5689377 B2 JP5689377 B2 JP 5689377B2 JP 2011148906 A JP2011148906 A JP 2011148906A JP 2011148906 A JP2011148906 A JP 2011148906A JP 5689377 B2 JP5689377 B2 JP 5689377B2
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Description
[3S−[3R*[E(1S*, 3S*, 4S*)],4S* ,5R*,8S*,9E,12R*,14R*,15S*,16R*,18S*,19S*,26aR*]]−5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,24,25,26,26a−ヘキサデカヒドロ−5,19−ジヒドロキシ−3−[2−(4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシシクロヘキシル)−1−メチルエテニル]−14,16−ジメトキシ−4,10,12,18−テトラメチル−8−(2−プロペニル)−15,19−エポキシ−3H−ピリド[2,1−c][1,4]−オキサアザシクロトリコシン−1,7,20,21(4H,23H)−テトロン1水和物。
本発明の実施態様において、ラパマイシンはまた、他の活性薬剤と組み合わせて用いられ得る。ラパマイシンの効果を促進するさらなる活性薬剤としては、抗増殖剤、抗転移剤、抗血管新生剤、抗炎症剤、消炎剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、細胞傷害剤および/または抗血栓剤、および/または化学的および生物学的誘導体が使用され得る:ソマトスタチン、タクロリムス、ロキシスロマイシン、デュナイマイシン(dunaimycin)、アスコマイシン、バフィロマイシン、エリスロマイシン、ミデカマイシン、ジョサマイシン、コンカナマイシン、クラリスロマイシン、トロレアンドマイシン、ホリマイシン、セリバスタチン、シンバスタチン、ロバスタチン、フルバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、プラバスタチン、ピタバスタチン、ビンブラスチン、ビンクリスチン、ビンデシン、ビノレルビン、エトポシド、テニポシド、ニムスチン、カルムスチン、ロムスチン、シクロホスファミド、4−ヒドロキシシクロホスファミド、エストラムスチン、メルファラン、イホスファミド、トロホスファミド、クロラムブシル、ベンダムスチン、ダカルバジン、ブスルファン、プロカルバジン、トレオスルファン、テモゾロマイド、チオテパ、ダウノルビシン、ドキソルビシン、アクラルビシン、エピルビシン、ミトキサントロン、イダルビシン、ブレオマイシン、マイトマイシン、ダクチノマイシン、メトトレキサート、フルダラビン、フルダラビン−5’−リン酸二水素、クラドリビン、メルカプトプリン、チオグアニン、シタラビン、フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン、カペシタビン、ドセタキセル、カルボプラチン、シスプラチン、オキサリプラチン、アムサクリン、イリノテカン、トポテカン、ヒドロキシカルバミド、ミルテフォシン、ペントスタチン、アルデスロイキン、トレチノイン、アスパラギナーゼ、ペグアスパルガーゼ、アナストロゾール、エキセメスタン、レトロゾール、ホルメスタン、アミノグルテチミド、アドリアマイシン、アジスロマイシン、スピラマイシン、セファランチン、8−α−エルゴリン、ジメチルエルゴリン、アグロクラビン、1−アリルイスリド、1−アリルテルグリド、ブロムエルグリド(bromerguride)、ブロモクリプチン(エルゴタマン−3’,6’,18−トリオン、2−ブロモ−12’−ヒドロキシ−2’−(1−メチルエチル)−5’−(2−メチルプロピル)−,(5’α)−)、エリモクラビン(elymoclavin)、エルゴクリスチン(エルゴタマン−3’,6’,18−トリオン、12’−ヒドロキシ−2’−(1−メチルエチル)−5’−(フェニルメチル)−,(5’α)−)、エルゴクリスチニン、エルゴコルニン(エルゴタマン−3’,6’,18−トリオン、12’−ヒドロキシ−2’,5’−ビス(1−メチルエチル)、(5’α)−)、エルゴコルニニン(ergocorninin)、エルゴクリプチン(エルゴタマン−3’ 、6’、18−トリオン、12’−ヒドロキシ−2’−(1−メチルエチル)−5’−(2−メチルプロピル)−,(5’α)−(9Cl))、エルゴクリプチニン、エルゴメトリン、エルゴノビン(エルゴバシン、INN:エルゴメトリン、(8β(S))−9,10−ジデヒドロ−N−(2−ヒドロキシ−1−メチルエチル)−6−メチル−エルゴリン−8−カルボキサミド)、エルゴシン、エルゴシニン(ergosinin)、エルゴメトリニン、エルゴタミン(エルゴタマン−3’,6’,18−トリオン、12’−ヒドロキシ−2’−メチル−5’−(フェニルメチル)−,(5’α)−(9Cl))、エルゴタミニン、エルゴバリン(エルゴタマン−3’,6’,18−トリオン、12’−ヒドロキシ−2’−メチル−5’−(1−メチルエチル)−,(5’α)−)、レルゴトリル、リスリド(CAS番号:18016−80−3、3−(9,10−ジデヒドロ−6−メチルエルゴリン−8α−イル)−1,1−ジエチルカルバミド)、リゼルゴール、リゼルギン酸(D−リゼルギン酸)、リゼルギン酸アミド(LSA、D−リゼルギン酸アミド)、リゼルギン酸ジエチルアミド(LSD、D−リゼルギン酸ジエチルアミド、INN:リゼルグアミド、(8β)−9,10−ジデヒドロ−N,N−ジエチル−6−メチル−エルゴリン−8−カルボキサミド)、イソリゼルギン酸(D−イソリゼルギン酸)、イソリゼルギン酸アミド(D−イソリゼルギン酸アミド)、イソリゼルギン酸ジエチルアミド(D−イソリゼルギン酸ジエチルアミド)、メスレルギン(mesulergin)、メテルゴリン、メテルギン(INN:メチルエルゴメトリン、(8β(S))−9,10−ジデヒドロ−N−(1−(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル)−6−メチル−エルゴリン−8−カルボキサミド)、メチルエルゴメトリン、メチセルジド(INN:メチセルジド、(8β)−9,10−ジデヒドロ−N−(1−(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピル)−1,6−ジメチル−エルゴリン−8−カルボキサミド)、ペルゴリド((8β)−8−(メチルチオ)メチル)−6−プロピル−エルゴリン)、プロテルグリドおよびテルグリド、セレコキシブ、サリドマイド、ファスジル(登録商標)、シクロスポリン、smc増殖インヒビター−2w、エポチロンAおよびB、ミトキサントロン、アザチオプリン、ミコフェノール酸モフェチル、c−myc−アンチセンス、b−myc−アンチセンス、ベツリン酸、カンプトテシン、PI−88(硫酸化オリゴ糖)、メラニン細胞刺激ホルモン(α−MSH)、活性化プロテインC、IL1−βインヒビター、チモシンα−1、フマル酸およびそのエステル、カルシポトリオール、タカルシトール、ラパコール、β−ラパコン、ポドフィロトキシン、ベツリン、ポドフィリン酸2−エチルヒドラジド、モルグラモスチム(rhuGM−CSF)、ペグインターフェロンα−2b、レノグラスチム(r−HuG−CSF)、フィルグラスチム、マクロゴール、ダカルバジン、バシリキシマブ、ダクリズマブ、セレクチン(サイトカインアンタゴニスト)、CETPインヒビター、カドヘリン、サイトカインインヒビター、COX−2インヒビター、NFκB、アンジオペプチン(angiopeptin)、シプロフロキサシン、カンプトテシン、フルロブラスチン(fluroblastin)、筋肉細胞の増殖を阻害するモノクローナル抗体、bFGFアンタゴニスト、プロブコール、プロスタグランジン、1,11−ジメトキシカンチン−6−オン、1−ヒドロキシ−11−メトキシカンチン−6−オン、スコポレチン、コルチシン、テトラ硝酸ペンタエリスリトールおよびシドノンイミン(syndnoemine)のようなNO供与体、S−ニトロソ誘導体、タモキシフェン、スタウロスポリン、β−エストラジオール、α−エストラジオール、エストリオール、エストロン、エチニルエストラジオール、ホスフェストロール、メドロキシプロゲステロン、エストラジオールシピオネート、エストラジオールベンゾエート、トラニラスト、カメバカウリンおよびガンの治療に適用される他のテルペノイド、ベラパミル、チロシンキナーゼインヒビター(チロホスチン)、シクロスポリンA、パクリタキセルおよびその誘導体(例えば、6−α−ヒドロキシ−パクリタキセル)、バッカチン、タキソテール、合成的に得られる亜酸化炭素の大環状オリゴマー(MCS)およびその誘導体ならびに天然源から得られるもの、モフェブタゾン、アセメタシン、ジクロフェナク、ロナゾラク、ダプソン、o−カルバモイルフェノキシ酢酸、リドカイン、ケトプロフェン、メフェナム酸、ピロキシカム、メロキシカム、リン酸クロロキン、ペニシラミン、ツムスタチン、アバスチン、D−24851、SC−58125、ヒドロキシクロロキン、オーラノフィン、金チオリンゴ酸ナトリウム、オキサセプロール、セレコキシブ、β−シトステリン、アデメチオニン、ミルテカイン、ポリドカノール、ノニバミド、レボメントール、ベンゾカイン、アエシン、エリプチシン、D−24851(カルビオケム)、コルセミド、サイトカラシンA〜E、インダノシン、ノコダゾール、S100プロテイン、バシトラシン、ビトロネクチンレセプターアンタゴニスト、アゼラスチン、グアニジルシクラーゼ刺激剤、金属プロテイナーゼ1および2の組織インヒビター、遊離核酸、ウイルス伝達物質に組み込まれた核酸、DNAおよびRNAフラグメント、プラスミノゲンアクチベータインヒビター1、プラスミノゲンアクチベータインヒビター2、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、VEGFインヒビター、IGF−1;抗生物質(例えば、セファドロキシル、セファゾリン、セファクロル、セフォタキシム、トブラマイシン、ゲンタマイシン)、ペニシリン類(例えば、ジクロキサシリン、オキサシリン)、スルフォンアミド、メトロニダゾール、抗血栓剤(例えば、アルガトロバン、アスピリン、アブシキシマブ、合成抗トロンビン薬、ビバリルジン、クマジン、エノキサパリン、脱硫酸化およびN−再アセチル化ヘパリン、組織プラスミノゲンアクチベータ、GpIIb/IIIa血小板膜レセプター、第Xa因子インヒビター抗体、インターロイキンインヒビター、ヘパリン、ヒルジン、r−ヒルジン、PPACK、プロタミン、2−メチルチアゾリジン−2,4−ジカルボン酸のナトリウム塩、プロウロキナーゼ、ストレプトキナーゼ、ワーファリン、ウロキナーゼ)、血管拡張剤(例えば、ジピラミドール(dipyramidole)、トラピジル、ニトロプルシッド)、PDGFアンタゴニスト(例えば、トリアゾロピリミジンおよびセラミン)、ACEインヒビター(例えば、カプトプリル、シラザプリル、リシノプリル、エナラプリル、ロサルタン)、チオプロテアーゼインヒビター、プロスタサイクリン、バピプロスト、インターフェロンα、β、およびγ、ヒスタミンアンタゴニスト、セロトニンブロッカー、アポトーシスインヒビター、アポトーシス調節剤(例えば、p65、NF−κBまたはBcl−xLアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド)、ハロフジノン、ニフェジピン、トコフェロール、ビタミンB1、ビタミンB2、ビタミンB6、およびビタミンB12、葉酸、トラニラスト、モルシドミン、茶ポリフェノール、エピカテキンガレート、エピガロカテキンガレート、ボスウェリア酸およびその誘導体、レフルノミド、アナキンラ、エタネルセプト、スルファサラジン、エトポシド、ジクロキサシリン、テトラサイクリン、トリアムシノロン、ムタマイシン、プロカインアミド、D24851、SC−58125、レチノイン酸、キニジン、ジソピラミド、フレカイニド、プロパフェノン、ソタロール、アミドロン、天然および合成ステロイド(例えば、ブリオフィリンA(bryophyllin A)、イノトジオール(inotodiol)、マキロシドA(maquirosid A)、ガラキノシド(ghalakinosid)、マンソニン(mansonin)、ストレブロシド(streblosid)、ヒドロコルチゾン、ベタメタゾン、デキサメタゾン)、非ステロイド性物質(NSAIDS)(例えば、フェノプロフェン、イブプロフェン、インドメタシン、ナプロキセン、フェニルブタゾン)、および他の抗ウイルス剤(例えば、アシクロビル、ガンシクロビル、
およびジドブジン)、抗真菌剤(例えば、クロトリマゾール、フルシトシン、グリセオフルビン、ケトコナゾール、ミコナゾール、ナイスタチン、テルビナフィン)、抗原虫剤(例えば、クロロキン、メフロキン、キニーネ)、さらに天然テルペノイド(例えば、ヒポカエスクリン(hippocaesculin)、バリングトジェノール−C21−アンゲレート(barringtogenol-C21-angelate)、14−デヒドロアグロスチスタチン(14-dehydroagrostistachin)、アグロスケリン(agroskerin)、アグロスチスタチン(agrostistachin)、17−ヒドロキシアグロスチスタチン(17-hydroxyagrostistachin)、オバトジオリド(ovatodiolid)、4,7−オキシシクロアニソメリン酸(4,7-oxycycloanisomelic acid)、バッカリノイド(baccharinoid)B1、B2、B3、およびB7、ツベイモシド(tubeimosid)、ブルセアノール(bruceanol)A、B、およびC、ブルセアンチノシド(bruceantinoside)C、ヤダンジオシド(yadanzioside)NおよびP、イソデオキシエレファントピン(isodeoxyelephantopin)、トメンファントピン(tomenphantopin)AおよびB、コロナリン(coronarin)A、B、C、およびD、ウルソール酸、ハイプタチン酸(hyptatic acid)A、ゼオリン、イソイリドジャーマナル(iso-iridogermanal)、マイテンフォリオール(maytenfoliol)、エフサンチン(effusantin)A、エクシサニン(excisanin)AおよびB、ロンギカウリン(longikaurin)B、スクルポネアチン(sculponeatin)C、カメバウニン(kamebaunin)、ロイカメニン(leukamenin)AおよびB、13,18−デヒドロ−6−α−セネシオイルオキシカパリン(13,18-dehydro-6-alpha-senecioyloxychaparrin)、1,11−ジメトキシカンチン−6−オン、1−ヒドロキシ−11−メトキシカンチン−6−オン、スコポレチン、タクサマイリン(taxamairin)AおよびB、レジェニロール(regenilol)、トリプトリド(triptolid))、さらにシマリン、アポシマリン、アリストロキア酸、アノプテリン、ヒドロキシアノプテリン(hydroxyanopterin)、アネモニン、プロトアネモニン、ベルベリン、塩化ケリブリン(cheliburin chloride)、シクトキシン、シノコクリン(sinococuline)、コンブレタスタチン(bombrestatin)AおよびB、クドライソフラボン(cudraisoflavone)A、クルクミン、ジヒドロニチジン、塩化ニチジン、12−β−ヒドロキシプレグナジエン−3,20−ジオン、ビロボール、ギンコール、ギンコール酸、ヘレナリン、インディシン、インディシン−N−オキシド、ラシオカルピン、イノトジオール、グリコシド1a、ポドフィロトキシン、ジャスティシジン(justicidin)AおよびB、ラレアチン(larreatin)、マロテリン(malloterin)、マロトクロマノール(mallotochromanol)、イソブチリルマロトクロマノール(isobutyrylmallotochromanol)、マキロシド(maquirosid)A、マルカンチン(marchantin)A、マイタンシン、ライコリディシン(lycoridicin)、マルゲチン(margetin)、パンクラチスタチン、リリオデニン、オキソウシンスニン、アリストラクタム−AII、ビスパルテノリジン(bisparthenolidin)、ペリプロコシド(periplocosid)A、ガラキノシド(ghalakinosid)、ウルソール酸、デオキシソロスペルミン(deoxypsorospermin)、サイコルビン(psycorubin)、リシンA、サンギナリン、マヌーウィート酸(manwu wheat acid)、メチルソルビフォリン(methylsorbifolin)、スパセリアクロモン(spatheliachromen)、スチゾフィリン(stizophyllin)、マンソニン(mansonine)、ストレブロシド(streblosid)、アカゲリン(akagerin)、ジヒドロウサムバレンシン(dihydrousambarensin)、ヒドロキシウサムバリン(hydroxyusambarin)、ストリキノペンタミン(strychnopentamin)、ストリキノフィリン(strychnophyllin)、ウサムバリン(usambarin)、ウサムバレンシン(usambarensin)、ベルベリン、リリオデニン、オキソウシンスニン、ダフノレチン(daphnoretin)、ラリシレシノール、メトキシラリシレシノール、シリンガレシノール(syringaresinol)、ウンベリフェロン、アフロモソン(afromoson)、アセチルビスミオン(acetylvismion)B、デスアセチルビスミオン(desacetylvismion)A、ビスミオン(vismion)AおよびB、および硫黄含有アミノ酸(例えば、システイン)の群からの活性薬剤ならびに上記活性薬剤の塩、水和物、溶媒和物、エナンチオマー、ラセミ化合物、エナンチオマー混合物、ジアステレオマー混合物、代謝物、および混合物。
活性薬剤または活性薬剤の組み合わせが、ステント上またはステント内に直接適用されない場合、合成、半合成、および/または天然由来の適切な血液適合性物質での表面の血液適合性の調節に加えて、生物学的に安定なおよび/または生分解性のポリマーまたは多糖が、キャリアまたはマトリックスとして用いられ得る。
したがって、本発明の好都合な実施態様は、ラパマイシンコーティングステントであり、これは、ステント表面上にラパマイシンの純粋な活性薬剤の層を有し、その層が、生体再吸収性ポリマーの保護層、好ましくはレソマー、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリラクチド、構造A1のポリマー、構造A2のポリマー、および乳酸とグリコール酸とのコポリマー(PLGA)、または上述のポリマーの混合物の保護層によって覆われている。生体再吸収性ポリマーのさらなる例は、後述される。トップコートの特性は、下にあるラパマイシンの溶出を決定し、そしてまたコーティングステントの安定性およびそれと共に貯蔵期間に実質的に関与する。したがって、溶出の開始が一時的に変更され得、一方、溶出自体は、より短時間でより多くのラパマイシンが溶出するように強く加速される。例えば、保護層としてポリビニルアルコールが用いられる場合、ラパマイシンは3日後には完全に溶出される。トップコート中へのラパマイシンの添加によって、高用量でさえも達成され得る。
ポリスルホンの使用は、ポリスルホン自体が、非常に良好な血液適合特性を有し、そしてその上生物学的に安定であるという、決定的な利点を有する。すなわち、血液適合性であり、そして生物学的に分解されず、そしてラパマイシンのための活性薬剤キャリアとして機能する、ステント表面の永久なコーティングが存在する。
2質量%のポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)を有するポリスルホン
11質量%のグリセリンを有するポリスルホン
8質量%のポリエチレングリコールを有するポリスルホン
6質量%のポリビニルアルコールを有するポリスルホン
5質量%のポリヒドロキシエチル−メタクリレートを有するポリスルホン
7質量%のポリアクリルアミドを有するポリスルホン
4質量%のポリラクチドを有するポリスルホン
9質量%のポリエステルアミドを有するポリスルホン
1質量%のコンドロイチン硫酸を有するポリスルホン
8質量%のポリヒドロキシブチレートを有するポリスルホン
別の好ましい実施態様は、ステント上のラパマイシンのためのポリマーのPLGAキャリアである。PLGAは、以下の一般式を有するポリラクチドとポリグリコール酸(ポリグリコリド)とのブロックコポリマーをいう:
別の好ましい実施態様は、ラパマイシンでのバルーンカテーテルのコーティングである。
さらに、ステント表面は、非血栓性または不活性または生体適合性の表面が備えられる。このことにより、活性薬剤の影響の低下およびマトリックスの分解で存在する外来表面上に、長期間では、血管の再閉塞を生じ得る反応が、生じないことが保証される。直接ステントを被覆する血液適合性層は、好ましくは、天然由来のヘパリンおよび市販のヘパリンの標準分子量までの五糖の分子量範囲内の種々の硫酸化度およびアシル化度の合成的に調製された誘導体(抗血栓効果に関与する)、ヘパラン硫酸およびその誘導体、赤血球グリコカリックスのオリゴ糖および多糖(ホスホリルコリンに反して現実の血液および赤血球表面の接触が生じるので、赤血球の抗血栓表面を完全に表す)、オリゴ糖、多糖、完全に脱硫酸化およびN−再アセチル化されたヘパリン、脱硫酸化およびN−再アセチル化ヘパリン、N−カルボキシメチル化および/または部分的にN−アセチル化されたキトサン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリビニルピロリドン、およびポリエチレングリコール、および/またはこれらの物質の混合物を含む。これらの血液適合性コーティングを有するステントは、通常の一般的な非コーティングステントを供給し、そして好ましくは共有結合的に血液適合性層を付与することによって製造される。このことにより、薬剤溶出後、およびそれに伴う活性薬剤の影響の減少およびマトリックスの分解後のインプラントの表面を恒久的にマスクする。したがって、この血液適合性コーティングはまた、直接ステント表面に付与される。
Y=−CHOおよびZ=−C2H4COO−
Y=−CHOおよびZ=−CH2COO−
Y=−COCH3およびZ=−C2H4COO−
Y=−COCH3およびZ=−CH2COO−
Y=−COC2H5およびZ=−C2H4COO−
Y=−COC2H5およびZ=−CH2COO−
Y=−CHOおよびZ=−C2H4COO−
Y=−COCH3およびZ=−CH2COO−
NS:アミノ基上の硫酸基
N−Ac:アミノ基上のアセチル基
NH2:遊離アミノ基
S/D:二糖単位当たりの硫酸基
驚くべきことに、血液との恒久的な接触に好ましいステントのコーティングのため、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、および/またはポリフェニルスルホン、およびそれらの誘導体が、ラパマイシンのための極めて非常に適切な生体適合性および血液適合性キャリアであることがわかった。
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、およびR6は、それぞれ独立して、以下の基を表す:−CH2−、−C2H4−、−CH(OH)−、−CH(SH)−、−CH(NH2)−、−CH(OCH3)−、−C(OCH3)2−、−CH(SCH3)−、−C(SCH3)2−、−CH(NH(CH3))−、−C(N(CH3)2)−、−CH(OC2H5)−、−C(OC2H5)2−、−CHF−、−CHCl−、−CHBr−、−CF2−、−CCl2−、−CBr2−、−CH(COOH)−、−CH(COOCH3)−、−CH(COOC2H5)−、−CH(COCH3)−、−CH(COC2H5)−、−CH(CH3)−、−C(CH3)2−、−CH(C2H5)−、−C(C2H5)2−、−CH(CONH2)−、−CH(CONH(CH3))−、−CH(CON(CH3)2)−、
−C3H6−、−C4H8−、−C5H9−、−C6H10−、シクロ−C3H4−、シクロ−C3H4−、シクロ−C4H6−、シクロ−C5H8−、−OCH2−、−OC2H4−、−OC3H6−、−OC4H8−、−OC5H9−、−OC6H10−、−CH2O−、−C2H4O−、−C3H6O−、−C4H8O−、−C5H9O−、−C6H10O−、−NHCH2−、−NHC2H4−、−NHC3H6−、−NHC4H8−、−NHC5H9−、−NHC6H10−、−CH2NH−、−C2H4NH−、−C3H6NH−、−C4H8NH−、−C5H9NH−、−C6H10NH−、−SCH2−、−SC2H4−、−SC3H6−、−SC4H8−、−SC5H9−、−SC6H10−、−CH2S−、−C2H4S−、−C3H6S−、−C4H8S−、−C5H9S−、−C6H10S−、
−C6H4−、−C6H3(CH3)−、−C6H3(C2H5)−、−C6H3(OH)−、−C6H3(NH2)−、−C6H3(Cl)−、−C6H3(F)−、−C6H3(Br)−、−C6H3(OCH3)−、−C6H3(SCH3)−、−C6H3(COCH3)−、−C6H3(COC2H5)−、−C6H3(COOH)−、−C6H3(COOCH3)−、−C6H3(COOC2H5)−、−C6H3(NH(CH3))−、−C6H3(N(CH3)2)−、−C6H3(CONH2)−、−C6H3(CONH(CH3))−、−C6H3(CON(CH3)2)−、
−OC6H4−、−OC6H3(CH3)−、−OC6H3(C2H5)−、−OC6H3(OH)−、−OC6H3(NH2)−、−OC6H3(Cl)−、−OC6H3(F)−、−OC6H3(Br)−、−OC6H3(OCH3)−、−OC6H3(SCH3)−、−OC6H3(COCH3)−、−OC6H3(COC2H5)−、−OC6H3(COOH)−、−OC6H3(COOCH3)−、−OC6H3(COOC2H5)−、−OC6H3(NH(CH3))−、−OC6H3(N(CH3)2)−、−OC6H3(CONH2)−、−OC6H3(CONH(CH3))−、−OC6H3(CON(CH3)2)−、
−C6H4O−、−C6H3(CH3)O−、−C6H3(C2H5)O−、−C6H3(OH)O−、−C6H3(NH2)O−、−C6H3(Cl)O−、−C6H3(F)O−、−C6H3(Br)O−、−C6H3(OCH3)O−、−C6H3(SCH3)O−、−C6H3(COCH3)O−、−C6H3(COC2H5)O−、−C6H3(COOH)O−、−C6H3(COOCH3)O−、−C6H3(COOC2H5)O−、−C6H3(NH(CH3))O−、−C6H3(N(CH3)2)O−、−C6H3(CONH2)O−、−C6H3(CONH(CH3))O−、−C6H3(CON(CH3)2)O−、
−SC6H4−、−SC6H3(CH3)−、−SC6H3(C2H5)−、−SC6H3(OH)−、−SC6H3(NH2)−、−SC6H3(Cl)−、−SC6H3(F)−、−SC6H3(Br)−、−SC6H3(OCH3)−、−SC6H3(SCH3)−、−SC6H3(COCH3)−、−SC6H3(COC2H5)−、−SC6H3(COOH)−、−SC6H3(COOCH3)−、−SC6H3(COOC2H5)−、−SC6H3(NH(CH3))−、−SC6H3(N(CH3)2)−、−SC6H3(CONH2)−、−SC6H3(CONH(CH3))−、−SC6H3(CON(CH3)2)−、
−C6H4S−、−C6H3(CH3)S−、−C6H3(C2H5)S−、−C6H3(OH)S−、−C6H3(NH2)S−、−C6H3(Cl)S−、−C6H3(F)S−、−C6H3(Br)S−、−C6H3(OCH3)S−、−C6H3(SCH3)S−、−C6H3(COCH3)S−、−C6H3(COC2H5)S−、−C6H3(COOH)S−、−C6H3(COOCH3)S−、−C6H3(COOC2H5)S−、−C6H3(NH(CH3))S−、−C6H3(N(CH3)2)S−、−C6H3(CONH2)S−、−C6H3(CONH(CH3))S−、−C6H3(CON(CH3)2)S−、
−NH−C6H4−、−NH−C6H3(CH3)−、−NH−C6H3(C2H5)−、−NH−C6H3(OH)−、−NH−C6H3(NH2)−、−NH−C6H3(Cl)−、−NH−C6H3(F)−、−NH−C6H3(Br)−、−NH−C6H3(OCH3)−、−NH−C6H3(SCH3)−、−NH−C6H3(COCH3)−、−NH−C6H3(COC2H5)−、−NH−C6H3(COOH)−、−NH−C6H3(COOCH3)−、−NH−C6H3(COOC2H5)−、−NH−C6H3(NH(CH3))−、−NH−C6H3(N(CH3)2)−、−NH−C6H3(CONH2)−、−NH−C6H3(CONH(CH3))−、−NH−C6H3(CON(CH3)2)−、
−C6H4−NH−、−C6H3(CH3)−NH−、−C6H3(C2H5)−NH−、−C6H3(OH)−NH−、−C6H3(NH2)−NH−、−C6H3(Cl)−NH−、−C6H3(F)−NH−、−C6H3(Br)−NH−、−C6H3(OCH3)−NH−、−C6H3(SCH3)−NH−、−C6H3(COCH3)−NH−、−C6H3(COC2H5)−NH−、−C6H3(COOH)−NH−、−C6H3(COOCH3)−NH−、−C6H3(COOC2H5)−NH−、−C6H3(NH(CH3))−NH−、−C6H3(N(CH3)2)−NH−、−C6H3(CONH2)−NH−、−C6H3(CONH(CH3))−NH−、−C6H3(CON(CH3)2)−NH−。
上述の生物学的に安定なおよび生分解性のポリマーに加えて、ラパマイシンおよび他の活性薬剤のためのキャリアマトリックスとして、生理学的に許容される油、脂肪、脂質、リポイド、およびワックスもまた用いられ得る。
ラパマイシンのためのマトリックスまたはキャリアとして、ポリマーではなく低分子の化学化合物、そして特に造影剤および造影剤類似体を用いる本発明の実施態様が、特に興味深い。
本発明の方法によってコーティングされ得る通常のステントは、医療用のステンレス鋼、チタン、クロム、バナジウム、タングステン、モリブデン、金、ニチノール、マグネシウム、亜鉛、上記金属の合金のような従来の材料で作製され得るか、またはセラミック材料または生物学的に安定および/または生分解性ポリマーで構成され得る。これらの材料は、自己拡張可能またはバルーン拡張可能のいずれかであり、そして生物学的に安定および/または生分解性である。
カテーテルバルーンは、通常の材料、特により以下に記載されるようなポリマー、そして特に、PA12のようなポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアクリレート、ポリエーテルなどで構成され得る。
浄化された非拡張ステントを、細い金属棒(d=0.2mm)に水平につるし、回転フィード装置の回転軸に差し込み、そして28r/分で回転する。ステントをこのようにステントの内側が棒に接触しないように固定し、そしてクロロホルムまたは酢酸エチル中のラパマイシンの2%スプレー溶液でスプレーする。次いで、それらをドラフト中で一晩中乾燥する。必要であれば、所望の活性薬剤負荷がステント上に存在するまで、このコーティングプロセスを繰り返し得る。
ステント毎に、十分に小さいフラスコに2mlのPBS緩衝液を加え、密閉し、そして37℃の乾燥機中でインキュベートする。各場合で選択した時間間隔の終了後、過剰な溶液をピペットで除去し、そしてそのUV吸収を測定する。
ラパマイシン−スプレーコーティングしそして乾燥したステントを、第2工程において、1.5%PVAメタノール水溶液でスプレーコーティングする。次いで、それを乾燥する。
浄化された非拡張ステントを、細い金属棒に水平につるし、回転フィード装置の回転軸に差し込み、そして28r/分で回転する。ステントをこのようにステントの内側が棒に接触しないように固定し、そしてクロロホルム中の2:0.5の比のラパマイシンおよびシクロスポリンAの2%スプレー溶液でスプレーする。次いで、それらを一晩中乾燥する。
浄化された非拡張ステントを、クロロホルム中のパクリタキセルの0.8%スプレー溶液でスプレーする。次いで、ステントを室温で乾燥する。第2スプレープロセスでは、実施例1の方法を用いる。
スプレー溶液:145.2mgのPLGAまたはポリスルホンおよび48.4mgのラパマイシンまたは対応する活性薬剤の組み合わせの33%スプレー溶液(ラパマイシン(20%〜90%量)とパクリタキセル、シクロスポリンA、サリドマイド、ファスジルなどのような1以上の他の活性薬剤とを含む)を、クロロホルムで22gにする。このスプレー溶液を、既に記載されているようにステントに付与する。
溶液1:25%のラパマイシンまたは1以上の活性薬剤との組み合わせおよびPLGAをクロロホルムまたは必要に応じて酢酸エチル中に含む溶液(0.8%溶液)
溶液2:35%のラパマイシンまたは1以上の活性薬剤との組み合わせおよびPLGAをクロロホルムまたは必要に応じて酢酸エチル中に含む溶液(0.8%溶液)
PS溶液:176mgのポリエーテルスルホンを秤量し、そしてクロロホルムで20gにする(0.88%溶液)
PLGA溶液:35%のラパマイシンまたは1以上の活性薬剤との組み合わせ(少なくとも20%のラパマイシン含有量)およびPLGAの溶液(0.8%溶液)
ラパマイシン(または活性薬剤の組み合わせ、35質量%)を、ポリスルホンおよびヒドロゲルと共に、クロロホルムに溶解し、8%のヒドロゲルを含む溶液を形成する。この溶液を上記実施例のようにステントに付与する。ポリマー溶液の総濃度は、最適なスプレー挙動を達成するため0.9%以下にすべきである。ディッピング法では、溶液は、30%以上のポリマー含有量を有さないようにすべきである。ラパマイシン負荷はまた、既にコーティングされたステントを活性薬剤の溶液(2%)に続けてディッピングによっても行われ得る。
24mgのPSおよび2.4mgのPVPを秤量し、そしてクロロホルムで3gにする
→0.80%PS、0.08%PVP
18.2mgのPS、14.1mgのラパマイシン、および3.2mgのPVPを秤量し、そしてクロロホルムで4gにする
→0.45%PS、0.35%ラパマイシン、0.08%PVP
a)脱硫酸化再アセチル化ヘパリンの調製
100mlのアンバーライトIR−122陽イオン交換樹脂を、2cmの直径を有するカラムに充填し、400mlの3MのHClでH+形態に変換し、そして溶出液が塩化物を含まずpHが中性になるまで、蒸留水で洗浄した。1gのヘパリンナトリウムを10mlの水に溶解し、陽イオン交換カラムに入れ、そして400mlの水で溶出した。溶出液を0.7gのピリジンを含む容器に滴下させ、次いでpH6までピリジンを滴下し、そして凍結乾燥した。
150mlの0.1NのHClに、2gのキトサンを溶解し、窒素、還流下で24時間沸騰した。室温まで冷却後、溶液のpHを2NのNaOHで5.8に調節した。溶液を脱塩水に対して透析し、そして凍結乾燥した。
100mlのアンバーライトIR−122陽イオン交換樹脂を、2cmの直径を有するカラムに充填し、400mlの3MのHClでH+形態に変換し、そして溶出液が塩化物を含まずpHが中性になるまで、蒸留水で洗浄した。1gのヘパリンナトリウムを10mlの水に溶解し、陽イオン交換カラムに入れ、そして400mlの水で溶出した。溶出液を0.7gのピリジンを含む容器に滴下させ、次いでpH6までピリジンを滴下し、そして凍結乾燥した。
150mlの0.1NのHClに、2gのキトサンを溶解し、窒素、還流下で24時間沸騰した。室温まで冷却後、溶液のpHを2NのNaOHで5.8に調節した。溶液を脱塩水に対して透析し、そして凍結乾燥した。
医療用ステンレス鋼LVM316で作製された非拡張ステントを、アセトンおよびエタノールで、15分間超音波浴中で脱脂し、そして乾燥炉中で100℃にて乾燥させた。次いで、それらを、エタノール/水混合物(50:50(v/v))中の3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランの2%溶液に5分間浸漬し、そして100℃で乾燥させた。次いで、ステントを純水で洗浄した。
加水分解:コーティングステントを、小さな加水分解チューブに移し、そして室温で正確に1分間3mlの3MのHClと共に放置した。金属サンプルを除去し、そして密閉後、チューブを乾燥炉で100℃にて16時間インキュベートした。次いで、それらを冷却させ、乾燥するまで3回蒸発させ、1mlの脱気ろ過水中に移し、HPLCで加水分解標準に対して測定した。
a)医療用ステンレス鋼LVM316の非拡張ステントを、アセトンおよびエタノールで、15分間超音波浴中で脱脂し、そして乾燥炉中で100℃にて乾燥させた。次いで、ステントを脱塩水で一晩中洗浄した。
実施例18a)のコーティングステントを、エタノール1ml中の800μgのラパマイシンの溶液に浸漬し、そして膨潤させた。膨潤プロセス終了後、ステントを取り出し、そして乾燥した。
医療用ステンレス鋼LVM316の非拡張ステントを、アセトンおよびエタノールで、15分間超音波浴中で脱脂し、そして乾燥炉中で100℃にて乾燥させた。次いで、ステントを脱塩水で一晩中洗浄した。
前の実施例で既に記載されたようにステントを洗浄後、0.25%のアマニ油および0.1%のPVPを含むエタノールスプレー溶液を調製し、そしてステントを軸の周りに回転させて、スプレーピストルで連続的にスプレーする。次いで、70℃で一晩乾燥する。平均コーティング質量は、0.2mg±0.02mgである。
ステントを洗浄後、クロロホルムに溶解させた0.35質量%のラパマイシンの第1層をステントにスプレーする。室温でのこの層の乾燥後、0.25%アマニ油および0.1%PVPを含むクロロホルム溶液の第2層を、スプレーする。
上記のように、アセトンおよびエタノールでステントを洗浄後、0.20%のアマニ油および0.5%のα−リノレン酸を含むエタノール溶解混合物を調製し、そしてステントに連続的にスプレーする。
a)ステント支柱のプレコーティング
ステントを回転体の棒に固定し、そしてピストルをゆっくりと上下に動かすことによって、非常にゆっくりとした回転速度で1%ポリウレタン溶液をスプレーする。スプレーするにつれて、ステントはつや消しの灰色となり、そのため視覚的にスプレー制御を行い得る。端を正確にスプレーすることが特に重要であり、さらに円周方向にスプレーすることによって確実にし得る。次いで、ステントを乾燥させる。
ポリウレタンおよび35質量%のラパマイシン/テルグリド(4:1)を、THFに溶解し、14%溶液を得る。実施例18a)によってプレコートされたステントを、適切な型に注意深く取り付ける。ステントが取り付けられた道具を、浮き上がる気泡が見られ得るまで、最初に頭を純THFに浸漬する。次いで、ステントを、14%ポリウレタン溶液にゆっくり浸漬する。15秒後、中心をゆっくり除去し、そしてすぐに水平方向に置き、そして中心を回転し、PUをステント上に均一に分配し、そして乾燥させる。
溶液:20mlのN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに溶解した3.2mgのPUおよび33質量%ラパマイシン
アセトンでバルーンを注意深く予備湿潤した後、バルーンを、長手軸方向回転中に酢酸エチル中のラパマイシン溶液で連続的にスプレーし、そして乾燥する。回転中に折り目(またはひだまたはウイング)が開くのを防ぐため、バルーンを真空下に置く。
折りたたみバルーンを、回転軸に対して水平方向に固定する。回転中の折り目が開くのを防ぐため、バルーンを真空下に置く。そして、段階的に、エタノール溶解活性薬剤を、注射器の先端部の伸長部としてテフロン(登録商標)製のカニューレを有する折り目の外側および内側の長手軸方向に沿って、連続的なラパマイシン層が観察され得るまで付与する。次いで、バルーンを乾燥する。
ラパマイシンおよびアジュバントでコーティングした折りたたみバルーンをシリコンホースで拡張し、PBS緩衝液で満たす。次いで、バルーンに残存するコーティングを、規定量のアセトニトリルに溶解し、そしてラパマイシン含有量を、HPLCにより定量する。さらに、ホースの壁に付着したラパマイシンの量をアセトニトリルで落として、定量し、緩衝液中の量もまた測定する。
折りたたみバルーン(またはウイングバルーン)を、回転軸の水平位置に固定し、満たされる折り目が常に上側になるようにし、そして折り目が開くのを防止するために、真空にされる。1%ラパマイシンの低粘性のアルコール溶液を調製する。溶液は、毛細管力によって、溶液が折りたたみバルーン(またはウイングバルーン)の折り目にそれ自体を浸み込ませ得るような低粘性である。折り目の端に接触する毛細管によって、折り目の内部が毛細管力によって完全に満たされるまで、アルコール溶液を折り目に流す。折り目の内容を乾燥させ、バルーンを回転し、そして次の折り目を満たす。各折り目(またはしわ)を、一度だけ満たす。
折り目にのみ活性薬剤を負荷した実施例22のバルーンに、スプレー法によって、バリアとしてのポリマー外層を、第2工程でコーティングし得る。ポリマースプレー溶液の濃度を、できるだけ低く維持しなければならない。なぜなら、乾燥後に得られるポリマー層が、連続的な開放を妨げないためである。例えば、既に0.5%PVP溶液が適切である。
a)クロロホルム中の35%のラパマイシンまたは活性薬剤の組み合わせ(例えば、ラパマイシンとサリドマイドまたはサリドマイド/パクリタキセルとの混合物)の溶液を、ピペッティング装置によって回転可能に取り付けられた折りたたみバルーン(またはウイングバルーン)の折り目に、折り目が連続的に満たされていると視認できるまで付与する。次いで、折りたたみバルーンを、ゆっくり回転させながら室温で乾燥する。バルーン上に波形のステントまたは薬剤溶出ステントの存在は、このプロセスを妨げない。
Claims (10)
- カテーテルバルーンのコーティングのための、少なくとも1つのアジュバントと抗増殖剤の活性薬剤とからなる組成物の使用であって、
該アジュバントが、クエン酸トリブチルおよびクエン酸トリエチルおよびそれらのアセチル化誘導体より選択される、使用。 - 前記アジュバントが、クエン酸トリブチルまたはそのアセチル化誘導体である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記アジュバントが、クエン酸トリエチルまたはそのアセチル化誘導体である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記抗増殖剤の少なくとも1つの活性薬剤がラパマイシンである、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 抗増殖剤の活性薬剤ならびに少なくとも1つのアジュバントからなる組成物でコーティングされた、カテーテルバルーンであって、
該アジュバントが、クエン酸トリブチルおよびクエン酸トリエチルおよびそれらのアセチル化誘導体より選択される、カテーテルバルーン。 - 前記アジュバントが、クエン酸トリブチルまたはそのアセチル化誘導体である、請求項5に記載のカテーテルバルーン。
- 前記アジュバントが、クエン酸トリエチルまたはそのアセチル化誘導体である、請求項5に記載のカテーテルバルーン。
- 前記抗増殖剤の少なくとも1つの活性薬剤がラパマイシンである、請求項5から7のいずれかに記載のカテーテルバルーン。
- 請求項5から8のいずれかに記載のカテーテルバルーンであって、波形にされているステントをさらに含み、パクリタキセルの不規則な層が該ステントおよび該バルーンに存在し、該ステントが、ラパマイシンを含む生物学的に安定なポリマーでコーティングされている、カテーテルバルーン。
- 請求項5から8のいずれかに記載のカテーテルバルーンであって、複数の支柱を含む波形にされているステントをさらに含み、該ステント支柱間および該バルーンと該ステントとの間にパクリタキセルを有し、この第1のパクリタキセルコーティングが、活性薬剤ラパマイシンを含む、生分解性ポリマーおよび/または極性の親水性ポリマーで被覆されている、カテーテルバルーン。
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