JP5575252B2 - ポリマー複合材料、その製造方法および使用、食品包装物品、医療器具、二酸化炭素センサ又はインジケータ、アンモニアセンサ又はインジケータ、並びに、酸素センサ又はインジケータ - Google Patents
ポリマー複合材料、その製造方法および使用、食品包装物品、医療器具、二酸化炭素センサ又はインジケータ、アンモニアセンサ又はインジケータ、並びに、酸素センサ又はインジケータ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5575252B2 JP5575252B2 JP2012533687A JP2012533687A JP5575252B2 JP 5575252 B2 JP5575252 B2 JP 5575252B2 JP 2012533687 A JP2012533687 A JP 2012533687A JP 2012533687 A JP2012533687 A JP 2012533687A JP 5575252 B2 JP5575252 B2 JP 5575252B2
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WJLUBOLDZCQZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WJLUBOLDZCQZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZBJWWKFMHOAPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N loretin Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=C(I)C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 ZBJWWKFMHOAPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010248 loretin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SHXOKQKTZJXHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-5-iminobenzo[a]phenoxazin-9-amine;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=C2C3=NC4=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C4OC3=CC(=[NH2+])C2=C1 SHXOKQKTZJXHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021485 packed food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007540 photo-reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010094 polymer processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005553 polystyrene-acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KXXXUIKPSVVSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-K pyranine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C2C(O)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 KXXXUIKPSVVSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N texas red Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=2CCCN3CCCC(C=23)=C1O1)=C2C1=C(CCC1)C3=[N+]1CCCC3=C2 MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRZSXZWFJHEZBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymol blue Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(C)C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)O2)C=2C(=CC(O)=C(C(C)C)C=2)C)=C1C PRZSXZWFJHEZBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
ある態様では、ポリマー複合材料は、2種類以上の化学インジケータを含んでいてもよい。かかる提供により、ポリマー複合材料は、例えば、特定の分析物の異なる濃度において色を変化させる化学インジケータを提供することによって、2以上の分析物を検出することが可能であり、及び/又は特定の分析物の濃度の変化を検出することが可能であってもよい。
シリカ(二酸化ケイ素)及びアルミナ(酸化アルミニウム)を、指示薬の調製のための無機物質として選択した。シリカ顔料は、ポリマー充填剤としての広範囲の利用性、コストの低さ、入手し易さ、取扱性の容易さ、安全性及び色の欠如(白色)のため、特に適当な無機物質であることが見出された。指示薬は、疎水性顔料(シリカ又はアルミナ)と親水性顔料(シリカ又はアルミナ)との双方を使用して調製された。
疎水性シリカ2.0g(Degussa/Evonik Aerosil R812; S.S.A.=260+/−30m2/g;平均粒径=7nm)とメタノール約100mLとを含むビーカーに、反応性染料約0.04gを添加した。1M テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドのメタノール溶液1mLを添加した。混合物を充分に攪拌/超音波処理し、得られた溶液を丸底型フラスコに移動し、真空下30℃でロータリーエバポレータを用いてメタノールを除去した。得られた粉末を取り出し、乳棒と乳鉢とを用いて粉砕し、微粉末にした。
典型的には、無機顔料に対する割合がより低い染料を、親水性シリカ(Degussa/Evonik Aerosil 300)と親水性アルミナ(Degussa/Evonik Aeroxide Alu C)とともに使用した。
疎水性シリカ(Degussa/Evonik Aerosil R812;S.S.A.=260+/−30m2/g;平均粒径7nm)4.0gとメタノール約80mLとを含むビーカーに、反応性染料約1gを添加した。混合物を充分に攪拌/超音波処理し、得られた溶液を丸底型フラスコに移動し、真空下、30℃でロータリーエバポレータを使用して溶媒を除去した。得られた粉末を取り出し、乳棒と乳鉢とを用いて粉砕し、微粉末にした。
典型的には、無機顔料に対する割合がより低い染料を、親水性シリカ(Degussa/Evonik Aerosil 300)と親水性アルミナ(Degussa/Evonik Aeroxide Alu C)とともに使用した。
疎水性シリカ(Degussa/Evonik Aerosil R812, S.S.A.=260+/−30m2/g,平均粒径=7nm)2.0gに、PtOEPK又はRudpp(テトラフェニルボレート塩)等の酸素感受性発光性染料2mgを、適当な溶媒(PtOEPKについてはTHF又はRudppについてはアセトン)100mL中で添加した。混合物を充分に混合し、減圧下、ロータリーエバポレータを用いて溶媒を除去した。得られた粉末を取り出し、乳棒と乳鉢とを用いて粉砕し、微粉末にした。
親水性シリカ(Degussa/Evonik Aerosil 300)2.0gに、Rudpp(塩化物塩)等の酸素感受性発光性染料2mgを、エタノール又は水等の極性溶媒100mL中で添加した。混合物を充分に混合し、溶媒を減圧下、ロータリーエバポレータを用いて除去した。得られた粉末を取り出し、乳棒と乳鉢とを用いて粉砕し、微粉末にした。
チタニアは、特定の酸素感受性の指示薬の調製に関連して使用された。チタニアは、特定の等級では、還元と、ひいては特定の酸素感受性指示薬の活性化とにおいて光触媒として機能し得る半導体材料であるため選択された。チタニアは単に担体として機能するだけでなく、染料の光還元を推進して酸素感受性の形態とすることができなければならないため、チタニア無機物質は、その光触媒性質の保全のために未処理の形態が選択された。
二酸化チタン(Degussa/Evonik P25)2.0gに、反応性染料10mg、DL−トレイトール1.0g及びエタノール約100mLを添加した。混合物を充分に混合し、次いで、ロータリーエバポレータを用いて、減圧下、溶媒(エタノール)を除去した。得られた粉末を取り出し、乳棒と乳鉢とを用いて粉砕し、微粉末にした。
二酸化チタン(Degussa/Evonik P25)2.0gに、反応性染料10mg、DL−トレイトール1.0g及び水約100mLを添加した。混合物を充分に混合し、次いで、ロータリーエバポレータを用いて、減圧下、溶媒(水)を除去した。得られた粉末を取り出し、乳棒と乳鉢とを用いて粉砕し、微粉末にした。
a)疎水性ポリマー
コストの低さ、製造の容易さ及び加工性、並びに食品包装及び医療用途を含む適用範囲の広さのため、ポリエチレンが、特に適当な疎水性ポリマーとして選択された。
適当な親水性ポリマーとしてポリエチレンオキシドが選択された。
指示薬の性質
a)二酸化炭素指示薬
図1で挙げた染料を、CO2感受性反応性染料としてCO2指示薬の調製に用いた。使用した主要な染料は、m−クレソールパープル(MCP)であった。MCP修飾疎水性及び親水性シリカ顔料を、上述の方法により調製し、青色微粉末を得た。
図2で挙げた染料を、NH3感受性反応性染料としてアンモニア指示薬の調製に用いた。フロキシンB(PB)を除いて、これらの染料は全て、ヒドロキシトリアリールメタン染料であり、より詳細には、スルホンフタレインである。これらは、典型的には、pH指示薬染料であり、充分な塩基性環境に置かれると、脱プロトン化する。かかる脱プロトン化は、吸収スペクトルの最大波長(λmax)のシフトを生じる。
図3で挙げた染料を、O2感受性の反応性染料として酸素指示薬の調製に用いた。酸素指示薬は、発光系又は比色系であった。
指示薬の、ポリエチレンフィルム等のポリマーフィルムへの組み込みは、センサ特性を有する押出ポリマーフィルムを作製する能力を示す。しかしながら、指示薬が基礎とする、とりわけ不安定な反応性染料が、ポリマーへの組み込み及びその後の既知の方法によるポリマー複合材料の加工に耐え得るか否かは明らかではなかった。
MCP修飾疎水性シリカ顔料を、上述の方法により、ポリエチレンに組み込んだ。約0.1mmの厚さの青色のプラスチックフィルムを得た。フィルムを二酸化炭素ガスに曝露し、その結果、色変化が観察された。
BPB修飾疎水性シリカ顔料を、上述の方法でポリエチレンに組み込んだ。約0.1mmの厚さの橙黄色のプラスチックフィルムを得た。フィルムを、窒素中1000ppmのアンモニアガスに曝露し、その結果、色変化が観察された。
MB修飾チタニア顔料を、上述の方法によりポリエチレンに組み込んだ。約0.1mmの厚さの青色のプラスチックフィルムを得た。フィルムは、窒素の下での約1分間のUV光の照射により漂白された。次いで、フィルムは酸素ガスに曝露され、結果として色の回復が観察された。
Claims (28)
- 少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマーと、前記少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマー中に分散している少なくとも1つの化学指示薬とを含み、当該少なくとも1つの化学指示薬が、粒子状無機物質と、当該粒子状無機物質を被覆し及び/又はこれに含浸させた少なくとも1つの反応性染料若しくはインクとを含むポリマー複合材料。
- 前記少なくとも1つの化学指示薬が、前記少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマー中に均一に分散している、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- フィルム、シート、若しくはチューブの形態に溶融加工されている、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記化学指示薬が、少なくとも80℃での熱安定性を有する、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマーが、付加重合体を含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマーが、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテル、ポリエステル、ポリアミド及び/又はポリアセタールからなる群より選択される縮合ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマーが、疎水性ポリマーを含み、
前記少なくとも1つの化学指示薬が、疎水性粒子状無機物質又は未処理の粒子状無機物質を含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。 - 前記少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマーが、親水性ポリマーを含み、
前記少なくとも1つの化学指示薬が、親水性粒子状無機物質又は未処理の粒子状無機物質を含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。 - 粒子状無機物質と、当該粒子状無機物質を被覆し及び/又はこれに含浸させた少なくとも1つの反応性染料若しくはインクとを含んだ少なくとも1つの化学指示薬を、少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマーに分散させることを含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリマーと前記少なくとも1つの化学指示薬とを共に粉砕することを含む、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ポリマー複合材料を、溶融加工、押出及び/又は成型により作製することを含む、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 食品包装及び/又は呼吸器内科における、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のポリマー複合材料の使用。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つのポリマー複合材料を含んだ食品包装物品。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つのポリマー複合材料を含んだ医療器具。
- 呼吸器内科の医療器具を含む、請求項14に記載の医療器具。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のポリマー複合材料を含み、当該ポリマー複合材料が、少なくとも1つの二酸化炭素感受性反応性染料を含む少なくとも1つの化学指示薬を含む、二酸化炭素センサ又はインジケータ。
- 前記少なくとも1つの二酸化炭素感受性反応性染料が、m−クレソールパープルを含む、請求項16に記載の二酸化炭素センサ又はインジケータ。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のポリマー複合材料を含み、当該ポリマー複合材料が、少なくとも1つのアンモニア感受性反応性染料を含む少なくとも1つの化学指示薬を含む、アンモニアセンサ又はインジケータ。
- 前記少なくとも1つのアンモニア感受性反応性染料が、ブロモフェノールブルーを含む、請求項18に記載のアンモニアセンサ又はインジケータ。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のポリマー複合材料を含み、当該ポリマー複合材料が、少なくとも1つの酸素感受性反応性染料を含む少なくとも1つの化学指示薬を含む、酸素センサ又はインジケータ。
- 前記少なくとも1つの酸素感受性反応性染料が、メチレンブルー若しくはRudppを含む、請求項20に記載の酸素センサ又はインジケータ。
- 前記指示薬が、比色又は発光系指示薬を含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記粒子状無機物質が、粉末状である、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記粒子状無機物質が、シリカ、チタニア、アルミナ、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム又はゼオライトから選択される無機顔料を含む、請求項1に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記化学指示薬が、少なくとも110℃での熱安定性を有する、請求項4に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記付加重合体がポリオレフィンである、請求項5に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記ポリオレフィンがポリエチレンである、請求項26に記載のポリマー複合材料。
- 前記付加重合体がポリスチレンである、請求項5に記載のポリマー複合材料。
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PCT/GB2010/001915 WO2011045572A1 (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2010-10-14 | Intelligent pigments and plastics |
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WO2011045572A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
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