JP5524231B2 - モノアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、ジアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、およびトリアルキルアンモニウムカチオンのうちの少なくとも1種を有するイオン液体系電解質系を備える電気化学式のガスセンサ - Google Patents
モノアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、ジアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、およびトリアルキルアンモニウムカチオンのうちの少なくとも1種を有するイオン液体系電解質系を備える電気化学式のガスセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 107
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- -1 dialkylammonium cation Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 55
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 79
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- AHRQMWOXLCFNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-O ethylammonium nitrate Chemical compound CC[NH3+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O AHRQMWOXLCFNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical group [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007831 chromium(III) chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011636 chromium(III) chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004033 porphyrin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 75
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 15
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- PTIUDKQYXMFYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylammonium nitrate Chemical compound NC.O[N+]([O-])=O PTIUDKQYXMFYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005131 dialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CJLLUMDVSGKFNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(CCC)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.[I-].C(C)[NH3+].[N+](=O)(O)[O-].[I-] Chemical compound C(CCC)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.[I-].C(C)[NH3+].[N+](=O)(O)[O-].[I-] CJLLUMDVSGKFNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KTAFYYQZWVSKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmethanamine;nitric acid Chemical compound CNC.O[N+]([O-])=O KTAFYYQZWVSKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/49—Systems involving the determination of the current at a single specific value, or small range of values, of applied voltage for producing selective measurement of one or more particular ionic species
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/404—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors
- G01N27/4045—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors for gases other than oxygen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/413—Concentration cells using liquid electrolytes measuring currents or voltages in voltaic cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
Description
被検出/被測定成分(対象成分)の部分的反応:
添加物との反応: Cl2+2Br− → Br2+2Cl−
センサ反応: Br2+2e− → 2Br−
この場合、上記反応は、電解質中の塩の二次反応である。
Claims (22)
- 電解質としてイオン液体を備える電気化学式のガスセンサにおいて、
イオン液体が、モノアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、ジアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、およびトリアルキルアンモニウムカチオン(トリメチルアンモニウム系カチオンを除く)の群から選択される少なくとも1種のカチオンを有しており、
前記カチオンの各アルキル基は、炭素数1〜4であり、分岐鎖であってもよくまたは非分岐鎖であってもよく、
さらに、ジアルキルアンモニウムカチオン及びトリアルキルアンモニウムカチオンの各アルキル基は、互いに同一または異なることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。 - 請求項1において、各アルキル基の炭素数が2〜4であることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1または2において、電解質が、固体物質に少なくとも90%程度吸収されているか、または吸収材を有していないことを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか一項において、さらに、
前記イオン液体とイオン的に接触している少なくとも2つの電極、
を備えており、
前記複数の電極は、少なくとも1つのセパレータまたは空間を介して互いに電気的に隔離されていることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項において、前記複数の電極の各々が、互いに独立して、同一または異なって、Cu、Ni、Ti、Pt、Ir、Au、Pd、Ag、Ru、およびRhの群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属、Cu、Ni、Ti、Pt、Ir、Au、Pd、Ag、Ru、およびRhの群から選択される金属の少なくとも1種の酸化物、これらの混合物、またはカーボンを含むことを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項において、少なくとも1種のカチオンが、エチルアンモニウムカチオンであることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項において、イオン液体が、硝酸アニオン、亜硝酸アニオン、テトラフルオロボレートアニオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートアニオン、ポリフルオロアルカンスルホネートアニオン、ビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミドアニオン、アルキルサルフェートアニオン、アルカンスルホネートアニオン、酢酸アニオン、およびフルオロアルカン酸のアニオンの群から選択される少なくとも1種のアニオンを有していることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項において、イオン液体が、硝酸エチルアンモニウムであることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項において、さらに、
前記電解質が吸収された粉体の固体物質、
を備えており、
前記粉体の固体物質が、平均粒径が少なくとも5μm、比表面積が少なくとも50m2/g、SiO2含有量が少なくとも95重量%のケイ酸塩であることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。 - 請求項1から9のいずれか一項において、前記電解質を吸収した不織繊維の固体物質がガラス繊維であることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項において、電解質が、有機添加物、有機金属添加物、および無機添加物のうちの少なくとも1種を含む添加成分を有していることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか一項において、添加成分を、電解質中に0.05〜15重量%有していることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか一項において、有機添加物を含む場合、当該有機添加物は0.05〜5.0重量%含まれ、無機添加物を含む場合、当該無機添加物は1〜12重量%含まれ、有機金属添加物を含む場合、当該有機金属添加物は0.05〜5.0重量%含まれていることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から13のいずれか一項において、有機添加物が、イミダゾール、C1〜C4アルキルイミダゾール、ピリジン、C1〜C4アルキルピリジン、ピロール、C1〜C4アルキルピロール、ピラゾール、C1〜C4アルキルピラゾール、ピリミジン、C1〜C4アルキルピリミジン、グアニン、C1〜C4アルキルグアニン、尿酸、安息香酸、ポルフィリン、およびポルフィリン誘導体の群から選択されることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から14のいずれか一項において、有機金属添加物が、金属カチオンとしてMn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Fe3+またはPb2+を有する金属フタロシアニンおよびその誘導体の群から選択されることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から15のいずれか一項において、無機添加物が、ハロゲン化アルカリ、ハロゲン化アンモニウム、少なくとも1種のC1〜C4アルキル基で置換されたハロゲン化アンモニウム、Mn2+、Mn3+、Cu2+、Ag+、Cr3+、Cr6+、Fe2+、またはFe3+の遷移金属塩、およびPb2+の鉛塩の群から選択されることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から16のいずれか一項において、無機添加物が、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、ヨウ化アンモニウム、ヨウ化テトラメチルアンモニウム、ヨウ化テトラエチルアンモニウム、ヨウ化テトラプロピルアンモニウム、ヨウ化テトラブチルアンモニウム、臭化テトラブチルアンモニウム、塩化マンガン(II)、硫酸マンガン(II)、硝酸マンガン(II)、塩化クロム(III)、クロム酸アルカリ、塩化鉄(II)、塩化鉄(III)、および硝酸鉛(II)の群から選択されることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項11から17のいずれか一項において、添加成分の少なくとも一部が、固体の担持体に固定化されていることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項11から18のいずれか一項において、添加成分の少なくとも一部が、固体物質に固定化されていることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項11から18のいずれか一項において、添加成分の少なくとも一部が、前記複数の電極のうちの少なくとも1つに固定化されていることを特徴とする、電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学式のガスセンサであって、酸性ガス、塩基性ガス、中性ガス、酸化性ガス、還元性ガス、ハロゲンガス、ハロゲン蒸気、または水素化物ガスを検出/測定するために使用される電気化学式のガスセンサ。
- 請求項18に記載の電気化学式のガスセンサであって、F2、Cl2、Br2、I2、O2、O3、ClO2、NH3、SO2、H2S、CO、CO2、NO、NO2、H2、HCl、HBr、HF、HCN、PH3、AsH3、B2H6、GeH4、またはSiH4を検出/測定するために使用される電気化学式のガスセンサ。
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