JP5512659B2 - 自動的に再構成可能な関節運動するエンドエフェクタを有する手術器具 - Google Patents

自動的に再構成可能な関節運動するエンドエフェクタを有する手術器具 Download PDF

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JP5512659B2
JP5512659B2 JP2011510630A JP2011510630A JP5512659B2 JP 5512659 B2 JP5512659 B2 JP 5512659B2 JP 2011510630 A JP2011510630 A JP 2011510630A JP 2011510630 A JP2011510630 A JP 2011510630A JP 5512659 B2 JP5512659 B2 JP 5512659B2
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end effector
articulation
instrument
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シェルトン・フレデリック・イー・ザ・フォース
イェイツ・デビッド・シー
スミス・リチャード・シー
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00022Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00022Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
    • A61B2017/00026Conductivity or impedance, e.g. of tissue
    • A61B2017/0003Conductivity or impedance, e.g. of tissue of parts of the instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00022Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
    • A61B2017/00039Electric or electromagnetic phenomena other than conductivity, e.g. capacity, inductivity, Hall effect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00535Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated
    • A61B2017/00539Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated hydraulically
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/06Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/067Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring angles

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Description

従来技術において、手術用ステープラーは、同時に組織の縦方向の切断及び切断に対向する側部に一筋のステープルを取り付けるために用いられている。かかる器具は、普通は協働する1対のジョー部材を有するエンドエフェクタ(end effector)を含み、この器具が内視鏡又は腹腔鏡での適用を意図される場合、このエンドエフェクタはカニューレ通路を通過することができる。ジョー部材の1つは、横方向に間隔を置いて配置された少なくとも2列のステープルの列を有するステープル・カートリッジを、それぞれのメス溝(knife channel)の側面に1つずつ受容する。もう一方のジョー部材は、カートリッジ内のステープルの列と整列したステープル成形ポケットを有するアンビルを画成する。この器具は、往復運動する複数のくさび型部を含み、この複数のくさび型部は、遠位に駆動されるとステープル・カートリッジの開口部を通過し、ステープルを支持するドライバに係合しアンビルに向けたステープルの発射を達成する。クランプされた組織を切断し同時に固定するために(例えば、ステープルで)、同時に切断器具(又はメス)はジョー部材に沿って遠位方向に引き付けられる。
内視鏡的適用に適した外科用ステープラーの例は、「Surgical stapling instrument having separate distinct closing and firing systems」の名称の米国特許第7,000,818 B2号に記載されており、その全体が引用により本願に組み込まれる。使用時に、臨床医は発射に先立って組織の位置決めを行うためにステープラーのジョー部材を組織の上で閉じることができる臨床医がジョー部材が適正に組織を把持していることを決定すると、次に手術用ステープラーを発射することができ、これにより組織の切断及びステープル留めが行われる。同時に行われる切断及びステープル留め作業は、それぞれ切断のみ及びステープル留めのみを行う異なる手術器具により、かかる作業を順次行うことで引き起こされ得る合併症を回避する。
従来技術は米国特許出願公開第2007/0175959号に記載されるような関節運動可能なエンドエフェクタ(articulatable end effector)を有するエンドカッター(endocutter)も含み、この出願の全体は引用により本願に組み込まれる。かかる器具は、ユーザー(例えば、執刀外科医)が関節運動旋回軸の周りでエンドエフェクタを旋回させることを可能にする、関節運動制御機器を含む。
通常、かかるエンドカッターを用いる手術では、患者の一般的な通常の部位における数回の切断/固定ストロークをオペレーターが行うことを必要とする。したがって、臨床医は器具によるそれぞれの切断/固定ストローク後にカニューレを通じて器具を引き抜かなければならず、またエンドエフェクタ内のステープル・カートリッジが使い切られた場合には交換しなければならない。すると、臨床医は患者内のカニューレを通して器具を再挿入し、エンドエフェクタを以前の切断/固定ストロークと同じ一般的部位まで再度関節運動させることを含むエンドエフェクタの位置決めを再度行わなければならない。
1つの一般的態様では、本発明は自動的に関節運動可能なエンドエフェクタを有する手術用の切断及び固定器具などの手術用器具を対象とする。さまざまな実施形態によると、この手術用器具はエンドエフェクタ、シャフト、並びにエンドエフェクタ及びシャフトの間に接続する関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリを含み得る。このジョイントアセンブリは、シャフトに対してエンドエフェクタを関節運動させるための少なくとも1つのモーターを含む。このジョイントアセンブリは、エンドエフェクタのシャフトに対する関節運動を検知するための少なくとも1つの関節運動センサーも含む。
この器具は関節運動センサー及びモーターと通信する制御装置を更に含む。この制御装置は少なくとも1つの関節運動センサーからの関節運動データを保持するための少なくとも1つの記憶装置を含む。加えて、作動されたときに制御装置の記憶装置に保存される関節運動センサーからの関節運動データに基づき、エンドエフェクタを所望の位置(又は関節運動状態)まで自動的に関節運動させるために、この制御装置は制御信号をジョイントアセンブリのモーターに送る。例えば、この制御装置は事前の関節運動状態(前回に器具が駆動されたときの関節運動状態など)又は特定の他の関節運動状態を取るためにエンドエフェクタが関節運動することを引き起こせる。この制御装置はエンドエフェクタが自動的に非関節運動状態に戻るための関節運動も引き起こせる。このように臨床医は(i)エンドエフェクタをカニューレを通じて患者の体内に挿入し、(ii)エンドエフェクタを所望の位置まで自動的に関節運動により移動させ、(iii)器具を駆動させ、(iv)エンドエフェクタを再関節運動させて元の状態に復帰させ、(v)カニューレを通じて患者から器具を引き抜き、及び(vi)以上の過程を繰り返すためにカートリッジを交換することができる。このことは、エンドエフェクタの再位置決めにおけるより大きな正確性と反復性をもたらす傾向があるはずであり、このことは器具の反復駆動のためにエンドエフェクタが患者の同一の一般的位置に位置決めされる必要がある手術において重要である。
さまざまな実施によっては、この手術用器具はエンドカッターなどの手術用の切断及び固定用の器具であってよい。そのようなものとして、このエンドエフェクタは旋回可能に結合される2つの対向するジョー部材を含み得る。ジョー部材の1つは2つのジョー部材の間にクランプされる組織の切断のための切断器具を備えることができる。このジョー部材は、器具が駆動されるときに、ステープルが付勢されクランプされた組織を貫通しアンビルとして機能する他のジョー部材により曲げられるように、多数のステープルを持つ交換式のステープル・カートリッジも更に含むことができる。
別の一般的な態様では、本発明は外科手術を実行するための方法を対象とする。一実施形態ではこの過程は、(a)第1の関節運動状態にある関節運動可能なエンドエフェクタをカニューレを通じて患者の体内に挿入すること、(b)手順(a)の後、第1の関節運動状態とは異なる第2の関節運動状態を取るための自動的な関節運動をエンドエフェクタに引き起こすために手術用器具上の挿入された器具を作動すること、(c)手順(b)の後、エンドエフェクタによりクランプされた組織の切断と固定を行うために手術用器具を駆動すること、(d)手順(c)の後、エンドエフェクタが第1の関節運動状態に自動的に関節運動することが引き起こされるように挿入されている器具を作動すること、及び(e)手順(d)の後、カニューレを通じてエンドエフェクタを患者の体内から引き抜くこととを含む。
本発明のこれら及び他の利益は以下の記載から明白となるであろう。
本発明のさまざまな実施形態が、例として以下の図とともに本明細書において記載される。
本発明のさまざまな実施形態に従う関節運動可能なエンドエフェクタを有する手術用器具を図示する図。 本発明のさまざまな実施形態に従う関節運動可能なエンドエフェクタを有する手術用器具を図示する図。 本発明のさまざまな実施形態に従う図1及び2の手術用器具のエンドエフェクタの分解図。 本発明のさまざまな実施形態に従う手術用器具の制御装置及びセンサーのブロック図。 本発明のさまざまな実施形態に従う手術用器具ジョイント関節運動アセンブリの略図。
図1及び2は、本発明のさまざまな実施形態に従う自動的に関節運動が可能なエンドエフェクタを有する手術用切断及び固定器具10を図示している。この図示された実施形態は内視鏡用手術用器具10であり、本明細書に記載される器具10の実施形態は一般的に内視鏡手術用の切断及び固定器具である。しかしながら、本発明の他の実施形態によれば、この器具10は自動的に関節運動が可能なエンドエフェクタを有する腹腔鏡手術用器具などの非内視鏡手術用の切断器具であり得ることに注意されたい。
図1及び2に示されるこの手術用器具10は、ハンドル6、シャフト8及びシャフト8の関節運動旋回軸14の位置で枢動可能に接続される関節運動するエンドエフェクタ12とを含む。関節運動制御機器16は、エンドエフェクタ12の関節運動旋回軸14の周囲での回転を達成するために、ハンドル6に隣接して備えられることができる。図示された実施形態では、エンドエフェクタ12は組織のクランピング、切断、及び固定のためのエンドカッターとして機能するように構成されているが、他の実施形態では捕捉器具、カッター、ステープラー、クリップ・アプライヤー、アクセス用器具、薬物/遺伝子治療用器具、超音波、ラジオ波、又はレーザー器具などの他の種類の手術用のエンドエフェクタなどの、異なる種類のエンドエフェクタが使用され得る。
器具10のハンドル6は、エンドエフェクタ12を関節運動させるための閉鎖トリガー18及び発射トリガー20を含むことができる。異なる手術任務を指向するエンドエフェクタを有する器具が、エンドエフェクタ12を操作するための、異なる数又は種類のトリガー若しくは他の適切な制御機器を持ち得ることが理解されるであろう。このエンドエフェクタ12は好適には細長いシャフト8によりハンドル6から分離されて示されている。一実施形態では、臨床医又は器具10のオペレーターは関節運動制御機器16を利用することによりシャフト8に対してエンドエフェクタ12を関節運動させることができる。適切な関節運動制御機器の1種類は、「Surgical Instrument Having An Articulating End Effector」の名称のGeoffrey C.Hueilらによる米国特許出願公開第2007/0158385 A1号に記載されており、その全体が引用により本願に組み込まれる。
この実施例においては、このエンドエフェクタ12は、他のものとともにステープル溝22及びアンビル24などの枢動可能に平行移動可能なクランピング部材を含み、これらはエンドエフェクタ12によりクランプされた組織の効果的なステープリングと切断を確保するために必要な間隔で保持されている。ハンドル6は、アンビル24がエンドエフェクタ12のステープル溝22に対してクランピング又は閉鎖を引き起こし、それによってアンビル24と溝22との間に位置決めされた組織をクランプするため、臨床医がそれに向かって閉鎖トリガー18を枢動可能に引き付けるピストル・グリップ26を含む。図示された実施形態では、発射トリガー20は閉鎖トリガー18よりも外側に配置されている。かかる実施形態によると、一旦閉鎖トリガー18が閉鎖位置に係止されると、片手で器具を操作しているオペレーターが触れることができるように、発射トリガー20はピストル・グリップ26に向かってわずかに回転することができる。次いでオペレーターは、エンドエフェクタ12によりクランプされた組織のステープリング及び切断を引き起こすために、発射トリガー20をピストル・グリップ26に向けて枢動可能に引くことができる。他の実施形態では、アンビル24に加えて、例えば対向するジョーなどの、異なった種類のクランピング部材を用い得る。
用語「近位(proximal)」及び「遠位(distal)」は、器具10のハンドル6を握る臨床医に関して本明細書で用いられることが理解されるであろう。エンドエフェクタ12は、より近位のハンドル部分6に対して遠位である。便宜上、また明確にするために、「垂直の(vertical)」及び「水平の(horizontal)」などの空間的用語は、図面に関して本明細書で用いられることが更に理解されるであろう。しかしながら、手術器具は、多くの配向及び配置において使用され、これらの用語は、制限的及び絶対的であることが意図されない。
使用時には、閉鎖トリガー18が最初に関節運動され得る。臨床医がエンドエフェクタ12の位置決めに満足すると、臨床医は閉鎖トリガー18をピストル・グリップ26の近位の完全閉鎖された係止位置に引き戻すことができる。次いで、発射トリガー20が作動され得る。臨床医が圧力を開放したときに発射トリガー20は開放位置(図1及び2に示される)に戻る。ハンドル6の開放ボタンは押圧された場合に係止された閉鎖トリガー18を開放できる。
図1〜2に示されるように、ハンドル6は1つ以上の外部ユーザー入力選択器具90、92を含むことができ、これらは器具10のオペレーターがそれらによりエンドエフェクタ12を以前の関節運動状態及び最初の/標準状態(例えば、関節運動なし)まで自動的に関節運動させることを可能にする、例えばプッシュボタンスイッチ、トグルスイッチ、ダイアル、薄膜スイッチ、マイクロフォン、タッチスクリーン、トラックボール、又は他の任意の適切な種類のスイッチ若しくはユーザーにより入力される器具であり得る。この特性の詳細は以下で提供される。
図3はさまざまな実施形態に従うエンドエフェクタ12の分解図である。図示された実施形態に示されるように、エンドエフェクタ12は上述の溝22及びアンビル24に加えて、切断用器具32、スレッド(sled)33、溝22に着脱自在に位置するステープル・カートリッジ34、及び螺旋形ねじシャフト36を含み得る。切断用器具32は、例えばメスであってよい。アンビル24は枢着部25において旋回可能に溝22の近位端に接続され得る。アンビル24は更にその近位端において、アンビル24を開閉するために機械的閉鎖システムの構成要素に挿入されるタブ27を含み得る。閉鎖トリガー18が作動されるとき、即ち器具10のユーザーにより引かれるとき、アンビル24は枢着部25の周囲をクランプ又は閉鎖位置に向かって旋回することができる。エンドエフェクタ12によるクランピングが満足すべきものである場合、オペレーターはメス32とスレッド33の縦方向の溝22に沿った移動を引き起こすために発射トリガー20を作動でき、これによりエンドエフェクタ12内にクランプされた組織が切断される。溝22に沿ったスレッド33の運動はステープル・カートリッジ34のステープルの切断された組織を貫通して閉鎖されたアンビル24に向かう駆動を引き起こし、これによりステープルが曲げられて切断された組織が固定される。さまざまな実施形態においてスレッド33はカートリッジ34に内蔵された構成要素であることができる。引用によりその全体が本願に組み込まれる、「Surgical stapling instrument incorporating an E−beam firing mechanism」という名称の米国特許第6,978,921号は、かかる2ストロークの切断及び固定器具についてより詳細に記載している。メス32が切断操作後に後退するときにスレッド33が後退しないためにスレッド33はカートリッジ34の一部分であり得る。
本明細書に記載される器具10の実施形態は切断された組織を固定するエンドエフェクタ12を使用しているが、他の実施形態では切断された組織の異なる固定又は密閉の技術が用いられ得ることに注意されたい。例えば、切断された組織の固定にラジオ波のエネルギー又は接着剤を用いるエンドエフェクタも用いることができる。「ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE」という名称のYatesらに付与された米国特許第5,709,680号、及び「ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE WITH RECESSED AND/OR OFFSET ELECTRODES」という名称のYatesらに付与された米国特許第5,688,270号は、切断された組織の密閉にラジオ波を用いる内視鏡的切断器具を記載しているが、これらの全体は引用により本願に組み込まれる。「Surgical stapling instruments structured for delivery of medical agents」という名称のJerome R.Morganらによる米国特許出願公開第2007/0102453号、及び「Surgical stapling instruments structured for pump−assisted delivery of medical agents」という名称のFrederick E.Shelton,IVらによる、米国特許出願公開第2007/0102452号は、切断された組織の固定に接着剤を用いる内視鏡的切断器具を記載しているが、これらもその全体が引用により本願に組み込まれる。したがって、一般的に本明細書の記載は切断/ステープリング手術操作などに言及しているが、これは例示的実施形態であって本発明を制限するものではないことを理解されたい。他の組織固定技術も用い得る。
適切なエンドエフェクタ、閉鎖トリガーの係止機構、及びエンドエフェクタの機械的閉鎖システムについてのより詳細は「Motor−driven surgical cutting and fastening instrument with user feedback system」という名称のSheltonらによる米国特許出願公開第2007/0175958 A1号に見出すことができるが、この全体は引用により本願に組み込まれる。
器具10はエンドエフェクタ12に動力を供給するための電動モーターを更に含み得る。上記段落で引用した米国特許出願公開第2007/0175958 A1号はエンドエフェクタに動力を供給するための電動モーターを有するエンドカッターを開示している。かかる実施形態においては、ハンドル内のバッテリーにより駆動され得るモーターは駆動領域を通じてエンドエフェクタの関連する切断及び固定操作に動力を供給する。
器具10は器具10に関するさまざまな状態を検知する多くのセンサーも含み得る。例えば、上述の米国特許出願公開第2007/0175958 A1号に記載されるように、器具10はエンドエフェクタ中の切断器具による切断ストロークの終了を検知するためのストローク終了センサー及び切断器具による切断ストロークの開始を検知するためのストローク開始センサーを含み得る。これらのセンサーからの信号は、例えばモーターを制御するために使われることができる。
図4を参照するが、器具10は閉鎖トリガー18の後退を検知するための閉鎖トリガーセンサー50、アンビル24の閉鎖を検知するためのアンビル閉鎖センサー52、アンビル24の閉鎖に起因してステープル・カートリッジ22によってセンサー54に発揮される力を検知するためのアンビル閉鎖負荷センサー54(これはステープル・カートリッジ22の内部底面に配置されることができる)、発射トリガー20の後退を検知するための発射トリガーセンサー56、メス(即ち、切断器具)のエンドエフェクタ12中の溝22に沿った長手方向の位置を検知するためのメス位置センサー58、エンドエフェクタ12中にステープル・カートリッジ34が存在するか否かを検知するためのカートリッジ存在センサー60、及びステープル・カートリッジ34の状態(例えば、カートリッジが使い切られたか否か)を検知するためのカートリッジ状態センサー62を更に含むことができる。
センサー50〜62は、好適には器具のハンドル6内に配置された制御装置64と通信することができる。この制御装置64は、プロセッサ70、読み出し専用記憶装置72、及び読み書き記憶装置74を含んでよい。この制御装置64は、更にセンサー50〜62との通信のためのアナログ・デジタル変換器(ADC)及びデジタル・アナログ変換器(DAC)(図示されず)を含むことができる。読み出し専用記憶装置72はEPROM及び/又はフラッシュEEPROM記憶装置を含み得る。読み書き記憶装置74はランダム・アクセス・メモリ(RAM)ユニットなどの揮発性記憶装置を含み得る。制御装置64のさまざまな構成要素は個別のものであるか又はそれらは1つ若しくはいくつかの構成要素に統合されていてよい。例えば、一実施形態では、プロセッサ70、ROM 72、RAM 74、DAC及びADCはマイクロ制御器又はマイクロプロセッサ(computer-on-a-chip)の一部分であることができる。
制御装置64は、バッテリーなどの電源76により動力を供給され得る。制御装置64に動力を供給する電源76は、エンドエフェクタに動力を供給するためのDCモーターを有する器具10のモーターに動力を供給する同じ電源であってもよいか、又は制御装置64とモーターでは異なる電源が使用されてもよい。
さまざまなセンサーからの出力はデジタル形式で片方又は両方の記憶装置72、74に保存される。その全体が引用により本願に組み込まれる、米国特許出願公開第2007/0175964 A1号は、センサーのデータを記憶して記録するための記憶装置を備えたエンドカッターを開示している。上述のいくつかのセンサーからの出力はアナログ形式であり得る。かかる種類のセンサーのために、記憶装置72、74での記憶のためにADCがアナログ形式のセンサー信号をデジタル形式へ変換するために用いられ得る。更にこのセンサーは、有線及び/又は無線通信リンクを介して制御装置64に連結され得る。センサーが無線により制御装置64と通信する実施形態では、センサーは制御装置64のトランシーバー(図示されていない)と通信するトランスポンダーを含み得る。
さまざまな実施形態に従い、器具10は電動の関節運動旋回軸を含み得る。図5はかかる実施形態に従う関節運動旋回軸ジョイントアセンブリ2400を開示している。図5に見られるように遠位管セグメント2410は近位端2414及び遠位軸H”−H”を有する。図5には示されていないが遠位管セグメント2410はエンドエフェクタ12に機械的に連結された遠位端を有する。使用されるアンビル閉鎖配置に依存して、この遠位端は固定的に、可撓性部材により、又は旋回可能な部材によりエンドエフェクタ本体に取り付けられる。この遠位管セグメント2410は部分的に中空であり、近位端2414はその中を貫通するホース/ワイヤー受容通路を持った固体であることができる。この通路2416は円錐形部分2417を有し得る。ジョイントアセンブリ2400は更に遠位端2454と近位軸I”−I”を持つ近位管セグメント2450を含み得る。図5には示されていないが、この近位管セグメント2450はハンドルアセンブリ6に取り付けられた近位端を有する。
一実施形態では、この遠位管セグメント2410はボールジョイントアセンブリ2460により枢動可能に近位管セグメント2450と連結される。一実施形態では、このボールジョイントアセンブリ2460は近位管セグメント2450の遠位端2454に取り付けられるか又はその上に形成されるボール部材2462を含む。ボール部材2462は、ボール部材2462の位置に関わらずその中を通過するホース480及び/又はワイヤーが挟まれたり損傷されないために、通路部分2416、2417と連通することを可能にする、広がっているか、さもなければ拡大された端部分2465を有する中空の通路2464を有する。ボール部材2462は、ボール部材2462がその中で自由に回転できるように、遠位管セグメント2410の近位端2414に備えられたソケット2458により受け容れられる。
一実施形態では、遠位管セグメント2410を近位管セグメント2450に対して関節運動させるために、一般的に2500で指定される駆動アセンブリが用いられる。図5に見られるように1つの非限定的な実施形態では2つの可撓性ウオームギアケーブル2510、2520が用いられる。第1のウオームギアケーブル2510は、第1ギア通路内でボール部材2462内に形成されたウオームギア歯、スレッドなど(図示されていない)と駆動的に係合して適合される。第1のウオームギアケーブル2510は、遠位管セグメント2410内に取り付けられた第1のモーター2512と連結される。同様に、この非限定的実施形態では、第2のウオームギアケーブル2520はボール部材2462内に形成された第2ギア通路内でそこに形成されたギア歯、スレッド2469などと駆動的に係合して適合される。第2のウオームギアケーブル2520は、遠位管セグメント2410内に取り付けられた第2のモーター2522と連結される。「可撓性ウオームギアケーブル」として本明細書に記載されるが、この用語はウオームギア型の歯の使用を必要としない全ての種類の柔軟に駆動されるケーブル又は伝達機構配置を包含することが意図されていることを理解されたい。
第1及び第2のモーター2512、2522はバッテリー(局部電池又はハンドル6内のバッテリーパック)か、若しくは代替的な電流により電気的に動力を供給されるか、又は油圧油若しくは空気により動力を供給されてよい。一実施形態では、モーター2512、2522は電気的に動力を供給され、ハンドルアセンブリ6上の1つ以上のスイッチ又はボタンにより操作される。第1及び第2のウオームギアケーブル2510、2520の回転量並びに回転方向を制御することにより、ボール部材2462のソケット2458内での回転が引き起こされ、これにより遠位管セグメント2410(及びそこに取り付けられたエンドエフェクタ12)の近位管セグメント2450に対する関節運動が起こされる。かかる配列が図5に示されるような左方関節運動及び右方関節運動(図示されていない)を促進することを読者は理解するであろう。2つのウオームギアケーブル/モーター配列が上記で述べられているが、本発明の他の実施形態では、1段階の関節運動が必要であるか又は所望される場合には、ただ1つのウオームギアケーブル配列を用い得ることを読者は再び理解するであろう。更に、ボール部材2462が遠位管セグメント2410内に備えられたソケット2458とともに近位管セグメント2450に固定的に取り付けられたとして記述してきたが、他の非制限的実施形態においては、本発明の趣旨と範囲を逸脱することなくボール部材2462は遠位管部分2410及び近位管セグメント2450内に備えられたソケット2458に固定的に取り付けられ得ることを当業者は理解するであろう。
ジョイントアセンブリ2400は関節運動旋回軸14の関節運動を検知する1つ以上のセンサー66(図4を参照)を含み得る。センサー66からの出力は制御装置64の記憶装置72、74の片方又は両方に記録される。例えば、センサー66は光学的若しくは磁気的回転センサー(例えば、ホール効果センサー)及び/又は集合的にエンドエフェクタ12関節運動を直接的若しくは間接的に検知する加速度計を含み得る。例えばセンサー66はエンドエフェクタの関節運動/回転を直接的に検知できる。別の実施形態では、センサー66はそれによりエンドエフェクタ12の関節運動を間接的に検知するためにウオームギアケーブル2510、2520の回転及び方向を検知できる。制御装置64は、関節運動センサー66からの情報を記憶し記録することができ、以下で更に述べるように、それにより器具10のユーザーが次回の使用において正確な又は大体の関節運動を再現することを促進できる。センサー66は、有線及び/又は無線通信リンクを介して制御装置64と通信できる。更に、センサー66からの出力は制御装置64のADCによりデジタル形式に変換されるアナログ信号であってよい。
Sheltonらによる「Hydraulically and electrically actuated articulation joints for surgical instruments」という名称の米国特許出願公開第2007/0106317 A1号はモーターによる関節運動旋回軸についてより詳細に記載している。この出願はモーターによる関節運動旋回軸の他の実施形態を更に提供している。この出願は油圧により動力が提供される関節運動旋回軸についても記載している。油圧関節運動旋回軸を有する器具については、関節運動センサー66はエンドエフェクタ12の関節運動を直接的又は間接的に検知するための加速度計若しくは他の適切なセンサーを含み得る。
選択装置90(図1〜2を参照)は、さまざまな実施形態により複数状態又は単一状態の装置であり得る。複数状態装置では、器具のユーザーは最後に器具10が駆動されたときの過去の関節運動状態(例えば、直前の関節運動状態)を引き起こすためにスイッチを作動できる。次にユーザーはエンドエフェクタ12を標準状態の関節運動をしていない状態に戻すためにスイッチを作動できる。臨床医がエンドエフェクタを所望の状態に位置決めしたときに、ユーザーは制御装置64中での関節運動データの記録のために装置90を作動することもできる。別の実施形態では、器具10が駆動及び/又はクランプするたびに毎回自動的に関節運動センサーのデータが記録され得る。この方式では、臨床医は装置90を押すなど器具を駆動すること以外には、関節運動センサー66からのデータを制御装置の記憶装置72、74に記録させるための積極的行動をする必要はない。
複数の単一状態入力装置90、92を有する実施形態については、ユーザーはエンドエフェクタを自動的に以前の状態に関節運動させるために1つの入力装置90を用いることができ、及びエンドエフェクタ12を関節運動をしていない標準状態に戻すために第2の入力装置92を用いることができる。入力装置90、92は制御装置64と通信することができる。ユーザーが関節運動データを制御装置64に保存するための第3の入力装置(図示されていない)があってもよい。代替的に、関節運動センサーのデータは器具10が駆動され及び/又はクランプするたびに毎回自動的に記録されてもよい。
選択装置90がユーザーによって作動されたときにエンドエフェクタを自動的に関節運動させるために、制御装置64は関節運動旋回軸14のジョイントアセンブリ2400内のモーター2512、2522(又は油圧作動装置を持つジョイントアセンブリでは油圧作動装置)に信号を伝達できる。モーター2512、2522に送られた信号は、関節運動センサー66により受け取られたセンサーのデータに基づいて片方又は両方の記憶装置72、74に保存されたエンドエフェクタの関節運動の以前の状態(例えば、エンドエフェクタ12のシャフトに対する回転と方向)に基づくことができる。この方式では、器具10のユーザーは選択装置90を作動することにより、前回の使用時におけるものと同一のエンドエフェクタ12の関節運動状態(例えば、器具10が最後に駆動されたときの関節運動状態)への自動的な関節運動を引き起こすことができる。患者の同一の一般的部位において臨床医が反復される切断/固定ストロークを行う手術において、このことは有益であり得る。エンドエフェクタ12を毎回同じ部位に関節運動させるかわりに、臨床医は選択装置90により自動的にエンドエフェクタ12を前回の位置まで関節運動させることができる。
以下に器具10の可能な使用方法の1例を記載する。この実施例では、複数状態のユーザー入力選択装置90が想定されているが、この実施例が容易に2つ以上の入力装置を有する実施例へ拡張され得ることが認識される。この実施例では臨床医はエンドエフェクタ12をカニューレを通して挿入できる。次いで、臨床医は手動関節運動制御装置16を用いて、エンドエフェクタ12を所望の位置、即ち臨床医が切断器具10による同時の切断と固定を遂行しようと望む位置へと関節運動させ得る。臨床医がエンドエフェクタ12を所望の位置まで関節運動させた後、臨床医は閉鎖トリガーを係止位置まで後退させエンドエフェクタ12の対向するジョー22、24の間に組織を固定できる。次いで臨床医は発射トリガー20を後退させることにより、切断器具32が(1)エンドエフェクタ12の溝22を縦方向に縦走し、それによりエンドエフェクタ12によりクランプされた組織の切断を引き起こし、及び(2)ステープル・カートリッジ34内のステープルがクランプされた組織を貫通して付勢されアンビル24により曲げられることによりクランプされた組織の切断器具32により切断された各側部のステープル留めを引き起こし得る。駆動の前若しくは後に、又はクランピングの前若しくは後に、ユーザーは入力装置90(又はいくつかの他の装置)を作動して、エンドエフェクタ12のシャフト8に対する関節運動状態を示す関節運動センサー66からの関節運動データを制御装置64に記録できる別の実施形態では、関節運動データは器具が駆動されるか、又はエンドエフェクタがクランプする毎に記録される。
次いで、臨床医はカニューレを通して装置を引き出すために、ユーザー選択入力装置90を押すことにより(単一入力の2状態装置の実施形態又はユーザー入力装置92が2入力の装置である実施形態について)、エンドエフェクタ12の関節運動を自動的に標準状態である関節運動のない(例えば、まっすぐな)状態に戻すことができる。次いで、臨床医は使い切られたステープル・カートリッジ34を新品(すなわち、ステープルのあるもの)で置き換えエンドエフェクタ12をカニューレを通して患者の体内に戻すことができる。次いで、ユーザー入力選択装置90を押すか、さもなければ作動することにより、制御装置64に保存されている最後の駆動時の関節運動センサー出力に基づき、臨床医は器具10が最後に駆動されたときと同一の関節運動位置までのエンドエフェクタ12の自動的な関節運動移動を引き起こすことができる。この方式では、臨床医エンドエフェクタ12を最後に作動されたときと同一の一般的位置まで自動的に関節運動で戻すことができ、エンドエフェクタ12を手動で関節運動させる必要はない。前回と同じ一般的位置に再び位置決めすることが重要である場合に、このことはエンドエフェクタ12のより大きな正確性と反復性による再配置をもたらす傾向があるはずである。
器具10の第2の駆動の後に、臨床医はエンドエフェクタ12の関節運動を自動的に標準状態である関節運動のない状態に戻し、カニューレを通じて器具を引き抜くことができ、及び必要に応じて再度ステープル・カートリッジを交換し、エンドエフェクタを次の駆動のために再挿入して前回の駆動時の関節運動状態まで自動的に関節運動させることができる。ユーザーがユーザー入力装置を作動して関節運動データを記録させる器具の場合、続く駆動の時に第1回目の駆動の時の一般的位置までエンドエフェクタ12が自動的に関節運動により移動できるようにするために、ユーザーはただ第1回目の駆動の時の関節運動状態のみを記録することができる。代替的に、ユーザーは直前の一般的位置までエンドエフェクタが自動的に関節運動により移動できるようにするために、それぞれの駆動時の関節運動状態を記録することができる。
本明細書において開示される器具は単回操作(複数回の駆動を含み得る)の後に廃棄できるように設計されているか、又は複数回の操作において使用可能なように設計されている。しかしながら、いずれにしても、この器具は、少なくとも1回使用した後に再利用のため再調整されることができる。再調整は、装置の分解の後、特定の部分のクリーニング又は交換、及びその後の再組立の工程の、任意の組み合わせであり得る。特に、装置は分解することができ、任意の数の特定の部分又は装置部品を、任意の組み合わせで選択的に交換又は除去することができる。特定の部品をクリーニング及び/又は交換した後、再調整設備で、又は外科手術手順の直前に外科手術チームによって、その後の使用のために再組立することができる。装置の再調整に、分解、クリーニング/交換、及び再組立のためにさまざまな技法を利用できることは、当業者に理解されるであろう。そのような技法の使用、及び結果として得られる再調整された装置は、すべて、本発明出願の範囲内である。
好適には、本明細書に記載された発明のさまざまな実施形態は、手術の前に処理される。第1に、新品又は使用済みの器具を入手して、必要ならばクリーニングを行う。器具は次に滅菌処理され得る。1つの滅菌技術では、器具はプラスチックバッグ又はTYVEKバッグなど、閉じられ密閉された容器の中に置かれる。この容器及び器具に、容器を透過し得る放射線(例えばγ線、X線、又は高エネルギー電子線)を照射する。放射線が、器具表面及び容器内の細菌を殺す。滅菌済みの器具は、滅菌容器内で保管することができる。密閉容器は、医療機関で開封されるまで、器具を無菌状態に保つ。
装置を滅菌することが好ましい。このことは任意の回数の当業者に周知の、β線、γ線照射、エチレンオキシド、蒸気及び他の方法などの任意の方法により行うことができる。
いくつかの実施形態の記載により本発明が説明され、説明的実施形態がかなり詳細に記載されているが、出願人には添付された請求範囲をかかる詳細によっていかなる方法によっても制限する意図はない。当業者にとり追加的な利点及び修正は容易に自明であり得る。本発明のさまざまな実施形態は、異なる形成された(最終)高さを有するステープル留めを達成するために単一のカートリッジ内での異なる寸法のステープルの使用を必要とする従来のステープル方法に対する巨大な改善を表している。
したがって、本発明は内視鏡的手術及び装置との関連において議論される。しかしながら、本明細書において使用される「内視鏡的」などの用語は、本発明を手術用ステープリング及び内視鏡的チューブ(すなわち、カニューレ又はトロカール)のみとともに用いられる器具に限定すると解釈されるべきではない。それどころか、本発明は、限定はされないが開放的手術とともに腹腔鏡的手術などの、アクセスが制限される任意の手術においてその用途を見出すと信じられる。更に、本発明のさまざまなステープル・カートリッジの実施形態の独自かつ新規な態様の有用性は、本発明の趣旨と範囲を逸脱することなく他の形態のステープリング器具とともに用いられたときに見出されることができる。
〔実施の態様〕
(1) 手術用器具であって、
エンドエフェクタと、
シャフトと、
前記エンドエフェクタと前記シャフトとの間に結合され、前記シャフトに対して前記エンドエフェクタを関節運動させるための関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリであって、
前記自動関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの関節運動を検知するための少なくとも1つの関節運動センサー、及び、
前記シャフトに対して前記エンドエフェクタを自動的に関節運動させるための少なくとも1つのモーター、
を含む、自動関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリと、
前記少なくとも1つの関節運動センサーと通信する制御装置であって、前記少なくとも1つの関節運動センサーからの関節運動データを保存するための少なくとも1つの記憶装置を含み、前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの前記少なくとも1つのモーターと通信する、制御装置と、
を含む、手術用器具。
(2) 前記制御装置が、前記少なくとも1つの記憶装置に保存された前記関節運動データに基づく位置まで前記エンドエフェクタを関節運動させることを前記モーターが引き起こすように、前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリ内の前記少なくとも1つのモーターを制御するためのものである、実施態様1に記載の手術用器具。
(3) 前記少なくとも1つのモーターが電気モーターを含む、実施態様2に記載の手術用器具。
(4) 前記少なくとも1つのモーターが油圧モーターを含む、実施態様2に記載の手術用器具。
(5) 前記シャフトに接続されたハンドルを更に含み、前記制御装置が前記ハンドル内にある、実施態様2に記載の手術用器具。
(6) 前記エンドエフェクタが、
第1のジョー部材、及び、
前記第1のジョー部材に旋回可能に接続されている、第2のジョー部材、
を含む、実施態様2に記載の手術用器具。
(7) 前記制御装置が前記少なくとも1つの記憶装置と通信するプロセッサを含む、実施態様6に記載の手術用器具。
(8) 前記制御装置と通信する、少なくとも1つのユーザー入力装置を更に含み、前記少なくとも1つのユーザー入力装置は、最初に作動されるときに、前記制御装置に前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの前記モーターを制御させて、前記制御装置の前記少なくとも1つの記憶装置に保存される関節運動データに基づいた関節運動状態に前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリを関節運動させる、実施態様7に記載の手術用器具。
(9) 前記少なくとも1つのユーザー入力装置が前記ハンドル上に配置される、実施態様8に記載の手術用器具。
(10) 前記ユーザー入力装置が2回目に作動されるときに、前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの前記モーターが前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリを関節運動のない状態に関節運動させることを前記制御装置が引き起こす、実施態様8に記載の手術用器具。
(11) 前記関節運動状態が、事前の時間における前記エンドエフェクタの関節運動に基づく、実施態様8に記載の手術用器具。
(12) 前記事前の時間が、前記器具が以前に駆動されたときを含む、実施態様11に記載の手術用器具。
(13) 手術用の切断及び固定器具であって、
エンドエフェクタであって、
前記エンドエフェクタ内に位置決めされた対象を切断するための可動切断器具、
前記切断器具を運搬するための細長い溝を含む第1のジョー部材、及び、
前記第1のジョー部材に旋回可能に接続され、前記第1のジョー部材に対向する第2のジョー部材、
を含む、エンドエフェクタと、
シャフトと、
前記エンドエフェクタと前記シャフトとの間に結合され、前記シャフトに対して前記エンドエフェクタを関節運動させるための、関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリであって、
前記自動関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの関節運動を検知するための少なくとも1つの関節運動センサー、及び、
前記シャフトに対して前記エンドエフェクタを自動的に関節運動させるための少なくとも1つのモーター、
を含む、自動関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリと、
前記シャフトに接続されたハンドルであって、
前記少なくとも1つの関節運動センサーと通信する制御装置であって、前記少なくとも1つの関節運動センサーからの関節運動データを保存するための少なくとも1つの記憶装置を含み、前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの前記少なくとも1つのモーターと通信して、前記モーターが前記エンドエフェクタを前記少なくとも1つの記憶装置に保存された前記関節運動データに基づいた位置まで関節運動させるように前記少なくとも1つのモーターを制御する、制御装置、及び、
前記制御装置と通信する少なくとも1つのユーザー入力装置であって、最初に作動されるときに、前記制御装置に前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの前記モーターを制御させて、前記制御装置の前記少なくとも1つの記憶装置に保存された関節運動データに基づく関節運動状態へと前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリを関節運動させる、ユーザー入力装置、
を含む、ハンドルと、
を含む、手術用の切断及び縫合器具。
(14) 前記ユーザー入力装置が2回目に作動されるときに、前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの前記モーターが前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリを関節運動のない状態へ関節運動させることを前記制御装置が引き起こす、実施態様13に記載の手術用器具。
(15) 前記関節運動状態が、事前の時間における前記エンドエフェクタの関節運動に基づく、実施態様13に記載の手術用器具。
(16) 前記事前の時間が、前記器具が以前に駆動されたときを含む、実施態様13に記載の手術用器具。
(17) 患者に医療処置を行う方法であって、
(a)手術用切断及び固定用器具の関節運動可能なエンドエフェクタを、カニューレを通して前記患者に挿入することであって、前記エンドエフェクタを、前記カニューレを通して挿入するときに、前記エンドエフェクタは第1の関節運動状態にある、挿入することと、
(b)手順(a)の後、前記エンドエフェクタが前記第1の関節運動状態とは異なる第2の関節運動状態へと自動的に関節運動するように前記手術用切断及び固定用器具上の入力装置を作動させることと、
(c)手順(b)の後、前記エンドエフェクタにおいてクランプされた組織を切断及び固定するために前記手術用切断及び固定用器具を駆動することと、
(d)手順(c)の後、前記エンドエフェクタが前記第1の関節運動状態へと自動的に関節運動するように前記入力装置を作動させることと、
(e)手順(d)の後、前記エンドエフェクタを、前記カニューレを通して前記患者から引き抜くことと、
を含む、方法。
(18) (f)手順(e)の後、前記エンドエフェクタのステープル・カートリッジを交換することと、
(g)手順(a)〜(e)を繰り返すことと、
を更に含む、実施態様17に記載の方法。
(19) 手順(a)に先立ち、
(h)前記関節運動可能なエンドエフェクタを、前記カニューレを通して前記患者に挿入することであって、前記エンドエフェクタを、前記カニューレを通して挿入するときに、前記エンドエフェクタは前記第1の関節運動状態にある、挿入することと、
(i)手順(h)の後、前記エンドエフェクタを前記第2の関節運動状態まで手動で関節運動させることと、
(j)手順(i)の後、前記エンドエフェクタにおいてクランプされた組織を切断及び固定するように前記手術用切断及び固定用器具を駆動することと、
(k)手順(j)の後、前記エンドエフェクタが前記第1の関節運動状態へと自動的に関節運動するように前記入力装置を作動させることと、
(l)手順(k)の後、前記エンドエフェクタを、前記カニューレを通して前記患者から引き抜くことと、
を更に含む、実施態様17に記載の方法。
(20) (m)手順(e)の後、前記エンドエフェクタのステープル・カートリッジを交換することと、
(n)手順(a)〜(e)を繰り返すことと、
を更に含む、実施態様19に記載の方法。

Claims (9)

  1. 手術用器具であって、
    エンドエフェクタと、
    シャフトと、
    前記エンドエフェクタと前記シャフトとの間に結合され、前記シャフトに対して前記エンドエフェクタを関節運動させるための関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリであって、
    前記自動関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの関節運動を検知するための少なくとも1つの関節運動センサー、及び、
    前記シャフトに対して前記エンドエフェクタを自動的に関節運動させるための少なくとも1つのモーター、
    を含む、自動関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリと、
    前記少なくとも1つの関節運動センサーと通信する制御装置であって、前記少なくとも1つの関節運動センサーからの関節運動データを保存するための少なくとも1つの記憶装置を含み、前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの前記少なくとも1つのモーターと通信する、制御装置と、
    を含む、手術用器具であって、
    前記制御装置が、前記少なくとも1つの記憶装置に保存された前記関節運動データに基づいて関節運動の以前の状態まで前記エンドエフェクタを関節運動させることを前記モーターが引き起こすように、前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリ内の前記少なくとも1つのモーターを制御するためのものである、手術用器具。
  2. 前記少なくとも1つのモーターが電気モーターを含む、請求項に記載の手術用器具。
  3. 前記少なくとも1つのモーターが油圧モーターを含む、請求項に記載の手術用器具。
  4. 前記シャフトに接続されたハンドルを更に含み、前記制御装置が前記ハンドル内にある、請求項に記載の手術用器具。
  5. 前記エンドエフェクタが、
    第1のジョー部材、及び、
    前記第1のジョー部材に旋回可能に接続されている、第2のジョー部材、
    を含む、請求項に記載の手術用器具。
  6. 前記制御装置が前記少なくとも1つの記憶装置と通信するプロセッサを含む、請求項に記載の手術用器具。
  7. 前記制御装置と通信する、少なくとも1つのユーザー入力装置を更に含み、前記少なくとも1つのユーザー入力装置は、最初に作動されるときに、前記制御装置に前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの前記モーターを制御させて、前記制御装置の前記少なくとも1つの記憶装置に保存される関節運動データに基づいた関節運動状態に前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリを関節運動させる、請求項に記載の手術用器具。
  8. 前記少なくとも1つのユーザー入力装置が前記ハンドル上に配置される、請求項に記載の手術用器具。
  9. 前記ユーザー入力装置が2回目に作動されるときに、前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリの前記モーターが前記関節運動可能なジョイントアセンブリを関節運動のない状態に関節運動させることを前記制御装置が引き起こす、請求項に記載の手術用器具。
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CA2724511C (en) 2017-07-04
CN102076270B (zh) 2014-06-11
EP2296559B8 (en) 2016-10-12
RU2497468C2 (ru) 2013-11-10
CA2724511A1 (en) 2009-11-26
BRPI0913095A2 (pt) 2020-08-18
WO2009143092A1 (en) 2009-11-26
PL2296559T3 (pl) 2017-05-31
JP2011520564A (ja) 2011-07-21
US7922061B2 (en) 2011-04-12
EP2296559B1 (en) 2016-08-03
CN102076270A (zh) 2011-05-25
US20090289096A1 (en) 2009-11-26
BRPI0913095B1 (pt) 2020-12-29
EP2296559A1 (en) 2011-03-23
BRPI0913095B8 (pt) 2021-06-22
RU2010152241A (ru) 2012-06-27

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