JP5484962B2 - 燃料電池の排気処理装置 - Google Patents
燃料電池の排気処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5484962B2 JP5484962B2 JP2010045713A JP2010045713A JP5484962B2 JP 5484962 B2 JP5484962 B2 JP 5484962B2 JP 2010045713 A JP2010045713 A JP 2010045713A JP 2010045713 A JP2010045713 A JP 2010045713A JP 5484962 B2 JP5484962 B2 JP 5484962B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 152
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 hydrocarbon diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 219
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035553 feeding performance Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000295 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010169 TiCr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010340 TiFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GTTSNKDQDACYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trihydroxybutane Chemical compound CCCC(O)(O)O GTTSNKDQDACYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1,1-triol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)(O)O TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Description
Claims (4)
- 燃料を酸化させて発電をおこなう発電部からの排気に不可避的に未反応の前記燃料が含まれる燃料電池の排気処理装置において、
前記発電部から排出される前記排気に含まれる前記未反応の燃料を吸着もしくは混和させることにより蓄積もしくは捕捉する吸着媒質が充填された未反応燃料吸着部を備え、
前記未反応燃料吸着部は、前記未反応燃料を吸着もしくは混和させる前記吸着媒質の少なくとも一部に接触しかつ液体に比較して気体の透過性が高い気液分離膜と、その気液分離膜における前記吸着媒質側とは反対側に前記未反応燃料を酸化させる酸化触媒を有する触媒層と、前記気液分離膜あるいは前記触媒層のいずれか一方の少なくとも一部を大気に接触させる排出孔とを備え、
前記未反応燃料を吸着もしくは混和した前記吸着媒質から蒸気化しかつ前記気液分離膜を透過した気相の前記未反応燃料が、前記排気孔から流入する空気によって前記触媒層における前記酸化触媒の存在下で酸化させられて前記排出孔から排出される
ことを特徴とする燃料電池の排気処理装置。 - 燃料を酸化させて発電をおこなう発電部からの排気に不可避的に未反応の前記燃料が含まれる燃料電池の排気処理装置において、
前記発電部からの前記排気に含まれる前記未反応燃料を蓄積もしくは捕捉して、その蓄積もしくは捕捉した前記未反応燃料を前記発電部に比較して少量ずつ酸化させて外部に排出する未反応燃料酸化部を備え、
前記未反応燃料酸化部は、前記未反応燃料を吸着もしくは混和させることにより捕捉する吸着媒質と、前記吸着媒質に少なくとも一部が接触し、液体に比較して気体の透過性が高い気液分離膜と、前記気液分離膜における前記吸着媒質とは反対側に設けられ、前記未反応燃料を蓄積もしくは捕捉した前記吸着媒質から蒸気化しかつ前記気液分離膜を透過した気相の前記未反応燃料を酸化させる酸化触媒を有する触媒層と、前記気液分離膜あるいは前記触媒層のいずれか一方の少なくとも一部を大気に接触させるとともに、前記触媒層に空気を供給しかつ前記触媒層で酸化させられた前記未反応燃料を大気中に排出する排出孔とを備えている
ことを特徴とする燃料電池の排気処置装置。 - 前記吸着媒質は、塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、活性炭、ポリアクリルアミド、多価アルコール類、水素吸蔵合金のいずれか一つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池の排気処理装置。
- 前記多価アルコール類は、炭素数が1ないし6の直鎖状炭化水素のジオール類、炭素数が1ないし6の直鎖状炭化水素のトリオール類のいずれか一つを含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の燃料電池の排気処理装置。
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JP5484962B2 true JP5484962B2 (ja) | 2014-05-07 |
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Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2001017835A (ja) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムの排気浄化方法及び排気浄化装置 |
JP2003223920A (ja) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-08-08 | Yuasa Corp | 液体燃料直接供給形燃料電池システム |
JP3748417B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-29 | 2006-02-22 | 株式会社東芝 | 直接型液体燃料燃料電池発電装置およびその制御方法 |
JP4412939B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-05 | 2010-02-10 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP4084296B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-16 | 2008-04-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 直接型液体燃料電池発電装置及び直接型液体燃料電池用有害物質除去フィルター |
JP2007180051A (ja) * | 2007-03-08 | 2007-07-12 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 燃料電池 |
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