JP5449731B2 - カスタマイズされた特定患者向け整形外科用手術器具の設計方法およびシステム - Google Patents
カスタマイズされた特定患者向け整形外科用手術器具の設計方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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Description
Sherrod A. Woodsらによって2006年12月27日に出願された、「Apparatus, System, and Method for Monitoring the Range of Motion of a Patient's Joint」と題された米国特許出願第11/616,456号は相互参照され、その全体が参照して本書に明示的に組み入れられる。
本開示は、全体として、特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具を設計するための方法、装置、およびシステムに関する。
関節形成術は、病気のおよび/または損傷した自然の関節を人工関節によって置換するよく知られた外科手術である。典型的な膝プロテーゼは、脛骨トレイ、大腿骨構成要素、および、脛骨トレイと大腿骨構成要素との間に位置付けられたポリマーインサートまたは軸受けを含む。自然の関節を膝プロテーゼで置換するのを容易にするために、整形外科医は、例えば切断ブロック、穴あけガイド、切削ガイド、および他の手術器具等のさまざまな整形外科用手術器具を使用する。一般に、整形外科用手術器具は患者に対して汎用の(generic)ものであり、そのため同じ整形外科用手術器具が類似した整形外科手術時に多くの異なった患者に使用されることもできる。
1つの態様によれば、患者の膝に使用される特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具を設計するための方法は、患者の脚に膝スリーブを連結することを含むこともできる。膝スリーブは、第1のセンサーおよび第2のセンサーを含むこともできる。第1のセンサーは、膝スリーブの上半分に連結されることもできる。第1のセンサーは、第1のセンサーの位置を示す第1のデータを生成することもできる。第2のセンサーは、膝スリーブの下半分に連結されることもできる。第2のセンサーは、第2のセンサーの位置を示す第2のデータを生成することもできる。
本開示の概念は、さまざまな修正および代替的な形態を受けやすいものであるが、本開示の具体的で代表的な実施の形態を一例として図面に示し、本書において詳細に説明する。しかしながら、本開示の概念を開示した特定の形態に制限する意図はなく、反対に、添付の特許請求の範囲によって規定される本発明の精神および範囲に入るすべての修正、相当物、および代替物を含む意図があることは理解されるべきである。
(1)患者の膝に使用される特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具を設計するための方法において、
前記方法が、
患者の脚に膝スリーブを連結することであって、前記膝スリーブが、(i)前記膝スリーブの上半分に連結され、かつ、第1のセンサーの位置を示す第1のデータを生成する、第1のセンサー、および(ii)前記膝スリーブの下半分に連結され、かつ、第2のセンサーの位置を示す第2のデータを生成する、第2のセンサーを含む、膝スリーブを連結することと、
前記第1のデータおよび前記第2のデータに基づいて前記患者の前記膝の角形成を示す、前記第1のデータに基づいた前記角形成データを測定することと、
前記患者の前記膝の医用画像を生成することと、
前記医用画像および前記角形成データに基づいて特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具の設計を決定することと、
を備える、方法。
(2)実施態様(1)に記載の方法において、
前記角形成データを測定することが、前記膝の靱帯弛緩を示すデータを測定することを備える、方法。
(3)実施態様(1)に記載の方法において、
前記角形成データを測定することが、
(i)前記患者の前記脚の外反角形成の量を示す外反データを測定することと、
(ii)前記患者の前記脚の内反角形成の量を示す内反データを測定することと、
を備える、方法。
(4)実施態様(3)に記載の方法において、
前記外反データを測定することが、前記脚の第1の場所にて前記脚に加えられた力の第1の量に対する、前記患者の前記脚の前記外反角形成の量を示す外反データを測定することを備え、
前記内反データを測定することが、前記脚の第2の場所にて前記脚に加えられた力の第2の量に対する、前記患者の前記脚の前記内反角形成の量を示す内反データを測定することを備える、方法。
(5)実施態様(1)に記載の方法において、
前記角形成データを測定することが、前記第1のデータに基づいて前記患者の前記脚の大腿骨の位置を測定すること、および、前記第2のデータに基づいて前記患者の前記脚の脛骨の位置を測定することを備える、方法。
前記角形成データを測定することが、
前記患者の前記脚を外反位置に位置付けるために前記脚のある場所にて前記患者の前記脚にある量の力を加えることと、
前記外反位置にあるときの前記脚の前記外反角形成を示す角度データを生成することと、
前記力の量を示す力データを生成することと、
所定の場所を基準として、前記力が加えられた前記脚の前記場所を示す場所データを生成することと、
を備える、方法。
(7)実施態様(1)に記載の方法において、
前記角形成データを測定することが、
前記患者の前記脚を内反位置に位置付けるために前記脚のある場所にて前記患者の前記脚にある量の力を加えることと、
前記内反位置にあるときの前記脚の前記内反角形成を示す角度データを生成することと、
前記力の量を示す力データを生成することと、
所定の場所を基準として、前記力が加えられた前記脚の前記場所を示す場所データを生成することと、
を備える、方法。
(8)実施態様(1)に記載の方法において、
前記角形成データを測定することが、前記患者が立ち位置にある際に、前記第1のデータに基づいて前記患者の前記脚の前記大腿骨の前記位置を測定すること、および、前記第2のデータに基づいて前記患者の前記脚の前記脛骨の前記位置を測定することを備える、方法。
(9)実施態様(1)に記載の方法において、
前記角形成データを測定することが、前記患者が動いている際に、前記第1のデータに基づいて前記患者の前記脚の前記大腿骨の前記位置を測定すること、および、前記第2のデータに基づいて前記患者の前記脚の前記脛骨の前記位置を測定することを備える、方法。
(10)実施態様(1)に記載の方法において、
整形外科医の好みを示す制約データを測定すること、
をさらに備えており、
特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具の設計を決定することが、前記医用画像、前記角形成、および前記制約データに基づいて、特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具の設計を決定することを備える、方法。
前記特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具の設計を決定することが、前記患者の骨の一部の輪郭に適合した凹状の輪郭を有する骨接触面を含む、特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具の設計を決定することを備える、方法。
(12)実施態様(1)に記載の方法において、
前記特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具の設計を決定することが、前記角形成データに基づいて骨切断ブロックの切断ガイドの場所を調整することを備える、方法。
(13)患者の膝に使用される特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具を設計するためのシステムにおいて、
前記システムが、
前記患者の脚に連結されるように構成された膝スリーブと、
前記膝スリーブに連結され、第1のセンサーの位置を示す第1のデータを生成するように構成された、第1のセンサーと、
前記膝スリーブに連結され、第2のセンサーの位置を示す第2のデータを生成するように構成された、第2のセンサーと、
前記患者の前記脚に加えられた力の量を示す力データを生成するように構成された力センサーと、
第1のコンピュータであって、(i)前記第1のデータおよび前記第2のデータに基づいて前記患者の脚の大腿骨および脛骨の間の角形成の程度を示す角度データを測定し、(ii)所定の場所を基準として前記力センサーの場所を示す場所データを測定し、かつ(iii)前記角度データ、力データ、および場所データを保存する、ように構成された、第1のコンピュータと、
を備える、システム。
(14)実施態様(13)に記載のシステムにおいて、
前記力センサーが、手袋中に組み込まれる、システム。
(15)実施態様(13)に記載のシステムにおいて、
前記力センサーが、前記膝スリーブに連結される、システム。
前記第1のコンピュータが、(i)前記第1のデータに基づいて前記患者の前記脚の前記大腿骨の位置を示す第3のデータを測定し、かつ(ii)前記患者の前記脚の前記脛骨の位置を示す第4のデータを測定するように構成されている、システム。
(17)実施態様(13)に記載のシステムにおいて、
前記第1のコンピュータから遠隔した第2のコンピュータ、
をさらに備えており、
前記第2のコンピュータが、前記角度データ、力データ、および場所データに基づいて特定患者向けの手術器具の三次元モデルを生成するように構成されている、システム。
(18)特定患者向けの整形外科用手術器具を設計するための方法において、
前記方法が、
患者の脚に膝スリーブを連結することであって、前記膝スリーブが、(i)前記膝スリーブの上半分に連結され、かつ、第1のセンサーの位置を示す第1のデータを生成する、第1のセンサー、および(ii)前記膝スリーブの下半分に連結され、かつ、第2のセンサーの位置を示す第2のデータを生成する、第2のセンサーを含む、膝スリーブを連結することと、
前記第1および第2のデータに基づいて前記患者の前記膝の靱帯弛緩を示す弛緩データを生成することと、
前記弛緩データに基づいて特定患者向けの整形外科用器具の設計を生成することと、
を備える、方法。
(19)実施態様(18)に記載の方法において、
前記患者の膝の医用画像を生成すること、
をさらに備えており、
前記特定患者向けの整形外科用器具の設計を生成することが、前記弛緩データおよび前記医用画像に基づいて前記特定患者向けの整形外科用器具の設計を生成することを備える、方法。
(20)実施態様(18)に記載の方法において、
前記弛緩データを生成することが、
前記患者の前記脚を外反位置に位置付けるために前記脚の第1の場所にて前記脚に第1の量の力を加えることと、
前記外反位置にあるときの前記脚の外反角形成を示す第1の角度データを生成することと、
前記第1の量の力を示す第1の力データを生成することと、
所定の場所を基準として、前記第1の場所を示す第1の場所データを生成することと、
前記患者の前記脚を内反位置に位置付けるために前記脚の第2の場所にて前記脚に第2の量の力を加えることと、
前記内反位置にあるときの前記脚の内反角形成を示す第2の角度データを生成することと、
前記第2の量の力を示す第2の力データを生成することと、
前記所定の場所を基準として、前記第2の場所を示す第2の場所データを生成することと、
を備えており、
前記特定患者向けの整形外科用器具の設計を生成することが、前記第1の角度データ、前記第1の力データ、前記第1の場所データ、前記第2の角度データ、前記第2の力データ、および前記第2の場所データに基づいて、前記特定患者向けの整形外科用器具の設計を生成することを備える、方法。
Claims (3)
- 患者の膝に使用される特定患者向けの骨切断ブロックを設計するためのシステムにおいて、
前記システムが、
前記患者の脚に連結されるように構成された膝スリーブであって、
前記膝スリーブが前記患者に着用されると、前記膝スリーブの上半分は患者の大腿骨の遠位端部の少なくとも一部を覆い、前記膝スリーブの下半分は患者の脛骨の近位端部の少なくとも一部を覆うように構成されている、
膝スリーブと、
前記膝スリーブに連結され、第1のセンサーの位置を示す第1のデータを生成するように構成された、第1のセンサーと、
前記膝スリーブに連結され、第2のセンサーの位置を示す第2のデータを生成するように構成された、第2のセンサーと、
前記膝スリーブに連結され、第3のセンサーの位置を示す第3のデータを生成するように構成された、第3のセンサーと、
前記膝スリーブに連結され、第4のセンサーの位置を示す第4のデータを生成するように構成された、第4のセンサーと、
前記患者の前記脚に加えられた力の量を示す力データを生成するように構成された力センサーと、
第1のコンピュータであって、(i)前記第1のデータ、前記第2のデータ、前記第3のデータ、および、前記第4のデータに基づいて、前記患者の大腿骨および脛骨の相対位置を測定し、前記患者の脚の大腿骨および脛骨の間の角形成の程度を示す角度データを測定し、(ii)所定の場所を基準として前記力センサーの場所を示す場所データを測定し、かつ(iii)前記角度データ、力データ、および場所データを保存する、ように構成された、第1のコンピュータと、
を備え、
前記第1および第2のセンサーは前記膝スリーブの前記上半分に配されており、前記第3および第4のセンサーは前記膝スリーブの前記下半分に配されており、
前記角度データは、前記力データが示す力の量が前記患者の前記脚に加えられた際の、前記患者の脚の大腿骨および脛骨の間の角形成の程度を示すデータであり、
前記システムが、前記第1のコンピュータから遠隔した第2のコンピュータ、
をさらに備えており、
前記第2のコンピュータが、前記患者の前記膝の医用画像、前記角度データ、力データ、および場所データに基づいて前記特定患者向けの骨切断ブロックの三次元モデルを生成するように構成されている、
システム。 - 請求項1に記載のシステムにおいて、
前記力センサーが、手袋中に組み込まれており、
前記手袋は、前記膝スリーブから分離している、システム。 - 請求項1に記載のシステムにおいて、
前記力センサーが、前記膝スリーブに連結される、システム。
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KR101746761B1 (ko) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-06-14 | 재단법인 아산사회복지재단 | 의료용 자이로 스틱 |
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