JP5431920B2 - 受容体チロシンキナーゼalkの細胞外ドメインに結合する抗体 - Google Patents
受容体チロシンキナーゼalkの細胞外ドメインに結合する抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2006年4月28日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/795,831号に優先権を請求し、該出願の全内容は本明細書に援用される。
技術分野
本発明は、ヒトALK(未分化リンパ腫キナーゼ)に特異的な抗体、特にscFv、該抗体をコードする核酸配列、その産生、および薬剤としてのまたは診断目的のためのその使用に関する。前記抗体は、腫瘍または癌、特に神経膠芽腫の局所治療に適している。
ALK(未分化リンパ腫キナーゼ; CD246)は、受容体チロシンキナーゼ(RTK)ファミリーのメンバーである。このファミリーの典型的なメンバーとして、該キナーゼは、3つのドメイン:1つのLDL受容体クラスAドメインおよび2つのMAMドメイン(MAM:メプリン、A5抗原、タンパク質チロシンホスファターゼμ)を含有する細胞外リガンド結合性ドメイン(aa19〜1038)、膜貫通ドメイン(aa1039〜1059)、ならびにチロシンキナーゼドメインを含有する細胞質ドメイン(aa1060〜1620)から本質的になる、I型膜貫通タンパク質である。シグナルペプチドは、新生タンパク質のN末端に存在し(aa1〜18)、分泌に際して切断される。
したがって、in vitroおよびin vivoでヒトALKタンパク質に結合する、安定でそして可溶性である抗体または抗体誘導体を提供することが本発明の一般的な目的である。最も好ましくは、抗体はALKのリガンド結合性ドメイン(アミノ酸396〜406)に対して特異的にターゲティングされ、そしてしたがって、ALKに対して約170pMのKdを有するMKの生物学的効果、ならびにALKに対して約20〜30pMのKdを有するPTNの生物学的効果の両方を遮断するであろう(Stoica 2002; Stoica 2001)。好ましい態様において、前記抗体または抗体断片は、scFv抗体またはFab断片である。以下において、用語、抗体は、全長抗体ならびに他の抗体誘導体を含む。
本発明の他の特徴および利点は、以下の詳細な説明から、そして請求項から明らかであろう。
発明の詳細な説明
本発明がより容易に理解されうるように、特定の用語をまず定義する。
用語「ALK」および「Alk−1」には、膜貫通タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ(PTK)/受容体である、ALK(未分化リンパ腫キナーゼ)遺伝子にコードされるヒトALKタンパク質が含まれる。
別に定義しない限り、本明細書で用いるすべての技術的および科学的用語は、本発明が属する技術分野の一般の当業者に、一般的に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。本発明の実施または試験において、本明細書記載のものと類似であるかまたは同等である方法および材料を用いてもよいが、適切な方法および材料を以下に記載する。不一致の場合は、定義を含む本明細書が支配するであろう。さらに、材料、方法、および実施例は例示のみであり、そして限定することを意図しない。
本発明の別の態様において、配列番号3の配列に、少なくとも50%の配列同一性を持つ配列の可変軽鎖CDR3を含む抗体。好ましくは、配列同一性は、少なくとも60%、70%、80%、85%、より好ましくは少なくとも90%である。最も好ましくは、CDR3は配列番号3と同一である。再び、この抗体は、配列番号1の配列に、少なくとも75%、好ましくは80%、85%、90%、95%、または最も好ましくは100%のアミノ酸同一性を持つ配列の16アミノ酸ALKエピトープペプチドに結合する。また、抗体は、10nM未満、好ましくは7nM未満のKdの、ALKエピトープペプチドに対するアフィニティーを有する。
本発明のさらに別の側面は、前記抗体の発現ベクターで形質転換された宿主細胞を、前記抗体の合成を可能にする条件下で培養し、そして前記培養から前記抗体を回収する工程を含む、本発明の抗体の産生である。
材料および方法
一般的に、本発明の実施は、別に示さない限り、化学、分子生物学、組換えDNA技術、免疫学(特に、例えば抗体技術)の慣用的な技術、およびポリペプチド調製における標準的技術を使用する。例えば、Sambrook, FritschおよびManiatis, Molecular Cloning: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989); Antibody Engineering Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology), 510, Paul, S., Humana Pr (1996); Antibody Engineering: A Practical Approach (Practical Approach Series, 169), McCafferty監修, Irl Pr (1996); Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Harlowら, C.S.H.L. Press, Pub. (1999);およびCurrent Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubelら監修, John Wiley & Sons (1992)を参照されたい。
抗体−抗原相互作用に関する豊富な構造的研究において、重鎖の相補性決定領域3(CDR−H3)中の残基は、一般的に抗原への大部分の実質的な接触に寄与することが見いだされた(ChothiaおよびLesk、1987; Chothiaら、1985; Padlan、1994)。本発明者らは、本発明者らが最近記載した酵母2ハイブリッド抗原−抗体相互作用スクリーニング技術を適用して、ランダム化した合成CDR−H3配列の4つのscFvライブラリーをスクリーニングすることによって、抗原結合性scFvを直接単離した(Auf der Maurら、2002)。4つのライブラリーは、4つの異なる安定ヒトscFvフレームワークに基づき、この中で、可変重鎖の第三のCDRループ(VH−CDR3)内の7つのアミノ酸がランダム化された。標準的PCRクローニング技術によって、ランダム化部分を導入した。「品質管理」と称される酵母スクリーニング系によって、ヒト・チロシン受容体キナーゼ未分化リンパ腫キナーゼ(ALK)の細胞外ドメイン由来の16アミノ酸ペプチドに対して、scFvライブラリーをスクリーニングした(Auf der Maurら、2001; Auf der Maurら、2004)。簡潔には、品質管理技術は、ヒト可変軽鎖(VL)および可変重鎖(VH)の天然プールから、安定性、可溶性および発現収率などの好ましい生物物理学的特性を持つVLおよびVHの組み合わせを同定するための、抗原独立性イントラボディ選択系である。第一のスクリーニング周期後、4つのscFvライブラリーの1つから、1つの有望でそして特異的な結合剤を単離した。この特定のscFvを、フレームワークFW4.4ライブラリーから得た。FW4.4(配列番号20)は、古典的で柔軟なグリシン−セリンリンカー(GGGGS)4によって、VH3ドメインに連結された、VLドメイン(ラムダ1)からなる。FW4.4のVH CDR3は、13アミノ酸を含む(DAGIAVAGTGFDY;配列番号18)。ライブラリーを構築するため、縮重オリゴヌクレオチドを用いた標準的PCRクローニング法によって、VH CDR3の中央部分をランダム化した(DAXXXXXXXGFDY)。最後の2残基(AspおよびTyr)の構造的重要性が多くの場合で立証されているため、これらを不変のまま維持した(ChothiaおよびLesk、1987)。ライブラリーの複雑性を取り扱い可能な次元に留めるため、残りの残基は修飾しなかった。Gal4の転写活性化ドメインへのC末端融合体として、酵母発現ベクター(pLib1)中に、scFvライブラリーをクローニングした(Auf der Maurら、2002)。
より高いアフィニティーを持つscFvを得るため、突然変異誘発および酵母における第二のスクリーニング周期による、さらなるアフィニティー成熟プロセスに、この一次結合剤を供した。アフィニティー成熟を可能にする際、Alk LBDペプチドと一次結合剤の相互作用によって駆動されるレポーター遺伝子活性化を弱めるため、LexA Alk LBDペプチド融合タンパク質の発現レベルを減少させた。pBait1ベクター上の強いアクチンプロモーターを、ADHプロモーター(アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ)の一部切除され、そしてしたがってより活性でない型と交換して、pBait3を生じた。一次結合剤の存在下でのベイト発現レベルのこの減少は、ヒスチジンを欠き、そして5mM 3−ATを含有するプレート上での増殖を阻害するのに十分であった。可変軽鎖内のCDR3の部分をランダム化することによって、アフィニティー成熟のための、一次結合剤の突然変異誘発を達成した。相同組換えによって、酵母中でこれを直接行った(Schaerer−BrodbeckおよびBarberis、2004)。FW4.4のVL CDR3は、11アミノ酸(配列番号14: GTWDSSLSGVV)を含む。最初の2つの位は、第一の位がGly、AlaまたはGlnのいずれかをコードし、そして第二の位がThr、SerまたはAlaをコードするように、部分的にランダム化された。VL CDR3内の5〜8位では、すべてのアミノ酸残基を可能にした。残りの位は不変のままにした。PCRによってランダム化を導入した。生じたPCR産物は、356bpのサイズを有し、そして267bpの上流および27bpの下流フレームワーク配列を持つランダム化CDRカセットを含んだ。この産物は、いわゆるドナーPCR断片であり、該断片は、ターゲットベクターに対する相同性を所持する。ターゲットベクターは、Gal4の活性化ドメインに融合した一次結合剤をコードする酵母プラスミド(pLib1)である。相同組換えの効率を改善し、そして続くスクリーニングにおいて偽陽性を排除するため、ターゲットベクター中のCDR−L3をわずかに修飾した。ユニークなSacI制限部位をVL CDR3の中央に導入し、これによって融合タンパク質のscFvコード部分にフレームシフトが起こり、そしてAlk LBDに結合不能な一部切除タンパク質が生じる。さらに、SacI部位は、ターゲットベクターの直線化を可能にし、これによって、酵母における組換え効率が増進する。
新たに同定されたscFvが、生存細胞表面上の膜貫通ヒトALKタンパク質もまた認識可能であるかどうかを試験するため、一過性にトランスフェクションされたHELA細胞の免疫染色実験を実行した。ESBA521は、ポリクローナル抗体に匹敵する方式で、ALKタンパク質と反応する(図4)。対照実験において、フレームワーク4.4 scFvは、ヒトALKと反応しないことが示された。マウス抗原性ペプチドは、ヒトペプチド配列と2つのアミノ酸位が異なるにすぎないが、驚くべきことに、ESBA521は、ヒトAlkタンパク質にしか結合せず、対応するマウスタンパク質には結合しない。対照的に、ポリクローナルALK抗体は、ヒトおよびマウスタンパク質の両方を認識する。したがって、ESBA521の結合は、細胞表面でのヒトALKタンパク質に特異的である。
抗原結合をさらに改善するため、この場合は、VHのCDR2をPCR突然変異誘発によって変化させ、そして酵母レシピエント内に形質転換し、該レシピエント中で、類似の方式でCDR2での相同組換えが強制されることを除いて、第一周期のアフィニティー成熟と同じ2ハイブリッドアプローチを用いて、さらなる周期のアフィニティー成熟において、ESBA521を出発scFvとして用いた。再び、制限部位をCDR2中に導入して、ターゲットプラスミドの直線化を可能にした。CDR2中に導入した突然変異を表2に示す。
プレイオトロフィンに結合することが知られるアミノ酸(396〜406)(Stoica 2001)を含む、ALKのアミノ酸391〜406に結合する、抗体ESBA521の前駆体を選択した。前駆体のCDR中のさらなるアミノ酸をランダム化することによって、そしてALK細胞外ドメイン(ECD)の天然背景中に含有される391〜406アミノ酸ストレッチに結合する結合剤に関して選択することによって、ESBA521を得た。これらの手順によって、PTNに結合するのと同じ部位で、高いアフィニティーでALK ECDに結合する抗体が生じた。本発明者らの知る限りでは、これは、ALKのPTN結合性部位を特異的にターゲティングする最初のモノクローナル抗体である。したがって、ESBA521は、ALK ECDに高いアフィニティーを有すると予測され、そしてALK受容体に対する結合に関して、プレイオトロフィン(PTN)およびミッドカイン(MK)と効率的に競合し、そしてしたがって、ESBA521抗体は、ALKタンパク質へのMKおよびPTNリガンド結合両方を阻害するのに適している。
第一のアッセイにおいて、ALKが癌増殖を律速する役割を決定するため、異種移植片実験を準備する(Powers 2002)。簡潔には、10%ウシ胎児血清を補った2000万細胞/ml培地のU87MG細胞懸濁物を調製する。これらをNU/NUマウス内に注射して、そして生じた腫瘍を測定する。試験抗体、好ましくは全長抗体、より好ましくはpeg化抗体を導入し、そして腫瘍増殖を評価する。
Claims (20)
- ヒト未分化リンパ腫キナーゼ(ALK)タンパク質に結合するscFv抗体であって、
配列番号4の可変重鎖(VH)配列、および
配列番号5の可変軽鎖(VL)配列を含む、前記抗体。 - 請求項1の抗体であって、アミノ酸残基391±3および406±3(配列番号91)に渡る領域の断片であるか、該領域を含むエピトープに結合する、前記抗体。
- エピトープがアミノ酸391〜406(配列番号1)からなる、請求項2の抗体。
- 30nM以下のKdによって特徴付けられるALKエピトープペプチドに対するアフィニティーを有する、請求項1、2または3の抗体。
- 10nM以下のKdによって特徴付けられるALKエピトープペプチドに対するアフィニティーを有する、請求項4の抗体。
- 3nM未満のKdによって特徴付けられるALKエピトープペプチドに対するアフィニティーを有する、請求項4の抗体。
- 構造NH2−VL−リンカー−VH−COOHまたはNH2−VH−リンカー−VL−COOHを含み、リンカーが配列番号16の配列を有する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項の抗体。
- 放射標識または毒素標識されている、請求項の1から7のいずれか一項の抗体。
- 薬剤または診断ツールとしての、請求項1から8のいずれか一項の抗体。
- 癌または腫瘍の治療用の薬剤の製造のための、請求項1から9のいずれか一項の抗体の使用。
- 薬剤が、ALKおよび/またはALKが仲介するシグナル伝達へのMKおよび/またはPTN結合の阻害に適している、請求項10記載の使用。
- 薬剤が、抗癌剤と併用して、前記抗体を投与するのに適した併用薬剤である、請求項10または11の使用。
- 抗癌剤がメトトレキサートである、請求項12の使用。
- 治療が、神経芽細胞腫、神経膠芽腫、横紋筋肉腫、乳癌、黒色腫、膵臓癌、B細胞NHL、甲状腺癌、小細胞肺癌、網膜芽細胞腫、ユーイング肉腫、前立腺癌、結腸癌、、脂肪腫、脂肪肉腫、線維肉腫の治療である、請求項10の使用。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項の抗体をコードする、DNA。
- 請求項15のDNAを含む、発現ベクター。
- 請求項16の発現ベクターで形質転換された宿主細胞。
- 大腸菌(E. coli)細胞である、請求項17の宿主細胞。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項の抗体の産生のための方法であって、前記抗体の合成を可能にする条件下で、請求項17または18の宿主細胞を培養し、そして前記培養から該抗体を回収する工程を含む、前記方法。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項の抗体を含有する薬剤。
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JP2013226144A (ja) * | 2006-04-28 | 2013-11-07 | Delenex Therapeutics Ag | 受容体チロシンキナーゼalkの細胞外ドメインに結合する抗体 |
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CN101443361A (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
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CA2650822A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
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JP2009535021A (ja) | 2009-10-01 |
HK1124619A1 (en) | 2009-07-17 |
US7902340B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
JP2013226144A (ja) | 2013-11-07 |
JP5911821B2 (ja) | 2016-04-27 |
BRPI0710971A2 (pt) | 2011-05-31 |
AU2007246144A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
RU2008146922A (ru) | 2010-06-10 |
PL2013236T3 (pl) | 2015-12-31 |
EP2013236A1 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
KR101457228B1 (ko) | 2014-11-04 |
US20110159008A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
US20150203829A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
KR20080113261A (ko) | 2008-12-29 |
US9512411B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
CA2650822C (en) | 2017-03-14 |
DK2013236T3 (en) | 2015-09-21 |
US20080118512A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
EP2013236B1 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
NZ572248A (en) | 2011-08-26 |
RU2460540C2 (ru) | 2012-09-10 |
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