JP5404035B2 - 水素発生カートリッジ用の燃料 - Google Patents
水素発生カートリッジ用の燃料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5404035B2 JP5404035B2 JP2008517029A JP2008517029A JP5404035B2 JP 5404035 B2 JP5404035 B2 JP 5404035B2 JP 2008517029 A JP2008517029 A JP 2008517029A JP 2008517029 A JP2008517029 A JP 2008517029A JP 5404035 B2 JP5404035 B2 JP 5404035B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- hydrogen
- liquid
- sodium borohydride
- gas generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 120
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 86
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 86
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 81
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 40
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- -1 methanol (CH 3 OH) Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002577 cryoprotective agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012448 Lithium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1C(C=CS2)=C2CCN1 CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical class [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOHYGSBMXIJZBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir+4] Chemical compound [Ir+4] MOHYGSBMXIJZBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTDIMWHREZYGDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir+6] Chemical compound [Ir+6] YTDIMWHREZYGDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFVBGFGJGGQIPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt+6] Chemical compound [Pt+6] VFVBGFGJGGQIPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAGXKIPPMHSPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh+4] Chemical compound [Rh+4] VAGXKIPPMHSPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWWAHTQQNLIUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh+6] Chemical compound [Rh+6] GWWAHTQQNLIUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorite Chemical compound [O-]Cl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZBKIUFWVEIBQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold(1+) Chemical compound [Au+] ZBKIUFWVEIBQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBMIPXHVOVTTTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold(3+) Chemical compound [Au+3] CBMIPXHVOVTTTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SHZVCTRRRIRFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(1+) Chemical compound [Hg+] SHZVCTRRRIRFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(2+) Chemical compound [Hg+2] BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JDRCAGKFDGHRNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(3+) Chemical compound [Ni+3] JDRCAGKFDGHRNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XQBKHDFIPARBOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium(3+) Chemical compound [Os+3] XQBKHDFIPARBOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQURWADGXKZUIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium(4+) Chemical compound [Os+4] OQURWADGXKZUIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTXZFDKHMDXOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium(5+) Chemical compound [Os+5] WTXZFDKHMDXOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNXIKUNCHIMLQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium(6+) Chemical compound [Os+6] DNXIKUNCHIMLQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002047 photoemission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2] HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTDZDYKQOAOCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(3+) Chemical compound [Pt+3] FTDZDYKQOAOCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDBYXKQCPYUOMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(4+) Chemical compound [Pt+4] NDBYXKQCPYUOMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hydride Chemical compound [KH] NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000105 potassium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZSJYEAHAINDJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+) Chemical compound [Rh+3] PZSJYEAHAINDJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+) Chemical compound [Ru+3] BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RADGOBKLTHEUQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(4+) Chemical compound [Ru+4] RADGOBKLTHEUQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHQWJJLMQJAVBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(5+) Chemical compound [Ru+5] MHQWJJLMQJAVBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHPHHNRKGMRCMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(6+) Chemical compound [Ru+6] LHPHHNRKGMRCMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHJWSRRHTXRLAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethoxymethane Chemical compound COC(OC)(OC)OC AHJWSRRHTXRLAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04208—Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/065—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents from a hydride
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Description
CH3OH + H2O → CO2 + 6H+ + 6e−
1.5O2 + 6H+ + 6e− → 3H2O
CH3OH + 1.5O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
NaBH4 + 2H2O →(加熱または触媒)→ 4H2 + (NaBO2)
H2 → 2H+ + 2e−
2(2H+ + 2e− )+ O2 → 2H2O
X(BH4)y + 2H2O → X(BO)2 + 4H2
Xは、これに限定されないが、Na、Mg、Li、Kそして全てのアルカリ金属を含み、yは整数である。
MaXb
鉄(II)(Fe2+)、鉄(III)(Fe3+)、コバルト(Co2+)、ニッケル(II)(Ni2+)、ニッケル(III)(Ni3+)、ルテニウム(III)(Ru3+)、ルテニウム(IV)(Ru4+)、ルテニウム(V)(Ru5+)、ルテニウム(VI)(Ru6+)、ルテニウム(VIII)(Ru8+)、ロジウム(III)(Rh3+)、ロジウム(IV)(Rh4+)、ロジウム(VI)(Rh6+)、パラジウム(Pd2+)、オスミウム(III)(Os3+)、オスミウム(IV)(Os4+)、オスミウム(V)(Os5+)、オスミウム(VI)(Os6+)、オスミウム(VIII)(Os8+)、イリジウム(III)(Ir3+)、イリジウム(IV)(Ir4+)、イリジウム(VI)(Ir6+)、白金(II)(Pt2+)、白金(III)(Pt3+)、白金(IV)(Pt4+)、白金(VI)(Pt6+)、銅(I)(Cu+)、銅(II)(Cu2+)、銀(I)(Ag+)、銀(II)(Ag2+)、金(I)(Au+)、金(III)(Au3+)、亜鉛(Zn2+)、カドミウム(Cd2+)、水銀(I)(Hg+)、水銀(II)(Hg2+)、その他を含む。
水素化物(H−)、フッ化物(F−)、塩化物(Cl−)、臭化物(Br−)、ヨウ化物(I−)、酸化物(O2−)、硫化物(S2−)、窒化物(N3−)、リン化物(P4−)、次亜塩素酸塩(ClO−)、亜塩素酸塩(ClO2 −)、塩素酸塩(ClO3 −)、過塩素酸塩(ClO4 −)、亜硫酸塩(SO3 2−)、硫酸塩(SO4 2−)、硫酸水素塩(HSO4 −)、水酸化物(OH−)、シアン化物(CN−)、チオシアン酸塩(SCN−)、シアン酸塩(OCN−)、過酸化物(O2 2−)、マンガン酸塩(MnO4 2−)、過マンガン酸塩(MnO4 −)、重クロム酸塩(Cr2O7 2−)、炭酸塩(CO3 2−)、炭酸水素塩(HCO3 −)、リン酸塩(PO4 2−)、リン酸水素(HPO4 −)、リン酸二水素塩(H2PO4 −)、アルミン酸塩(Al2O4 2−)、ヒ酸塩(AsO4 3−)、硝酸塩(NO3 −)、酢酸塩(CH3COO−)、シュウ酸塩(C2O4 2−)、その他を含む。
1モルのNaBH +2モルのH2O −(触媒)→ 4モルの(H2) +1モルのNaBO2
1グラムのNaBH4 + 0.952グラムのH2O −(触媒)→ 0.213グラムの(H2) + 1.74グラムのNaBO2
蒸留されたH2O:14.58グラム
CH3OH:2.06グラム
CoCl2:0.686グラム
合計:17.326グラム
固体水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの0.1グラム投与には、17.6ml(17.326グラム)の液体反応物を加える。固体ホウ素化水素と液体反応物の重量比は、約1:173であり、水の場合は1:146である。今後の計算は、固体水素化ホウ素ナトリウムと水の比の代わりに、固体水素化ホウ素ナトリウムと合計液体反応物の重量比を使用する、なぜなら水素発生装置またはカートリッジは触媒、酸および凍結防止剤も担持しなければならないからである。
PV=mRHT
ここで、P=圧力
V=体積
m=水素質量
RH=水素気体定数=ユニバーサル気体定数÷水素分子量
T=絶対温度
第1例と対称的に、準備された液体反応物の投与量が、より多くの投与量の固体のホウ素化水素ナトリウムに添加された。準備された液体反応物の0.31gグラムの投与量が2グラムの水素化ホウ素ナトリウムに加えられた。準備された液体反応物すべてが水素化ホウ素ナトリウムに直接に接触可能なように量を選択した。液体は物理的にはより多くの固体燃料と接触できないので、より多くの量の水素化ホウ素ナトリウムは必要でない。以下に報告される結果はこの調合に制約され、他の調合は改善された、またはより良好な結果または実用性を伴ってよい。圧力、質量、質量発生速度、およびランタイムの各曲線は、先に説明した手順と同様に生成され、以下に示す。
この例では、液体反応物は以下のように準備される。
蒸留されたH2O:7.25グラム
CH3OH:1.00グラム
CoCl2:0.34グラム
H2SO4:0.90グラム(90−92%濃度)
合計:9.49グラム
112 液体燃料成分
127 燃料発生装置
Claims (6)
- 複数の燃料カプセルを有し、上記燃料カプセルの各々は、分離体で分離された、予め定められた量の金属水素化物、および予め定められた量の液体反応物を有し、上記金属水素化物および上記液体反応物は反応して水素を生成し、上記分離体は運動エネルギ貯蔵要素の移動により破ることができることを特徴とするガス発生装置。
- 遮断機構をさらに有し、上記遮断機構が上記ガス発生装置の内部圧力に応答して、上記内部圧力が予め定められた閾値圧力を超えたときに上記遮断機構が上記エネルギ貯蔵要素の移動を停止させる請求項1記載のガス発生装置。
- 上記遮断機構は支持バネにより支持され、上記支持バネが上記遮断機構に働いて上記内部圧力をバランスさせる請求項2記載のガス発生装置。
- 上記支持バネは上記予め定められた閾値圧力を実現する請求項3記載のガス発生装置。
- 上記運動エネルギ貯蔵要素はコイルバネを有する請求項1記載のガス発生装置。
- 上記コイルバネは上記分離体を破るフックを有する請求項5記載のガス発生装置。
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US68957205P | 2005-06-13 | 2005-06-13 | |
US60/689,572 | 2005-06-13 | ||
PCT/US2006/023024 WO2006135895A2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-12 | Fuels for hydrogen generating cartridges |
Publications (3)
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JP2008546621A JP2008546621A (ja) | 2008-12-25 |
JP2008546621A5 JP2008546621A5 (ja) | 2009-07-23 |
JP5404035B2 true JP5404035B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
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JP2008517029A Expired - Fee Related JP5404035B2 (ja) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-12 | 水素発生カートリッジ用の燃料 |
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US (1) | US8636961B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1891184B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5404035B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101322231B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101495602B (ja) |
AR (1) | AR059463A1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2006257837A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0612133A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2611019C (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2007015797A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2444472C2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200703763A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006135895A2 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA200710767B (ja) |
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JP4836990B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-05 | 2011-12-14 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニー | 水素発生用組成物 |
WO2010035077A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-01 | SOCIéTé BIC | Hydrogen generating fuel cell cartridges |
JP5099923B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-13 | 2012-12-19 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 固体水素燃料並びにその製造方法及びその使用方法 |
CN102130348A (zh) * | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-20 | 扬光绿能股份有限公司 | 燃料匣及储氢方法 |
TW201213229A (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-01 | Young Green Energy Co | Hydrogen production device, hydrogen addition device and hydrogen-additive article |
CN102530861B (zh) * | 2010-12-16 | 2013-09-25 | 扬光绿能股份有限公司 | 氢气产生装置 |
CN103477488A (zh) | 2011-02-11 | 2013-12-25 | 法商Bic公司 | 燃料电池系统 |
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EP2736838A1 (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2014-06-04 | Intelligent Energy Limited | Hydrogen generator with improved fluid distribution |
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- 2006-06-12 CA CA2611019A patent/CA2611019C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-12 AU AU2006257837A patent/AU2006257837A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-12 CN CN200680029342XA patent/CN101495602B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-12 EP EP06773066.3A patent/EP1891184B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-06-12 TW TW095120782A patent/TW200703763A/zh unknown
- 2006-06-12 JP JP2008517029A patent/JP5404035B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-12 WO PCT/US2006/023024 patent/WO2006135895A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-06-12 RU RU2007146933/05A patent/RU2444472C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-06-12 MX MX2007015797A patent/MX2007015797A/es unknown
- 2006-06-12 US US11/917,234 patent/US8636961B2/en active Active - Reinstated
- 2006-06-13 AR ARP060102482A patent/AR059463A1/es unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX2007015797A (es) | 2008-03-04 |
KR101322231B1 (ko) | 2013-10-25 |
TW200703763A (en) | 2007-01-16 |
BRPI0612133A2 (pt) | 2010-11-03 |
EP1891184A4 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
US8636961B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
WO2006135895A2 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
US20090123342A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
CN101495602B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
RU2444472C2 (ru) | 2012-03-10 |
EP1891184A2 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
RU2007146933A (ru) | 2009-07-20 |
CN101495602A (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
AU2006257837A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
WO2006135895A3 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
AR059463A1 (es) | 2008-04-09 |
CA2611019A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
ZA200710767B (en) | 2014-05-28 |
JP2008546621A (ja) | 2008-12-25 |
KR20080017030A (ko) | 2008-02-25 |
EP1891184B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
CA2611019C (en) | 2015-01-27 |
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