JP5393151B2 - 抗ヒスタミン剤及びコルチコステロイド含有リポソーム組成物と鼻炎及びその関連疾患を治療するための医薬の製造のためのその使用 - Google Patents
抗ヒスタミン剤及びコルチコステロイド含有リポソーム組成物と鼻炎及びその関連疾患を治療するための医薬の製造のためのその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5393151B2 JP5393151B2 JP2008528575A JP2008528575A JP5393151B2 JP 5393151 B2 JP5393151 B2 JP 5393151B2 JP 2008528575 A JP2008528575 A JP 2008528575A JP 2008528575 A JP2008528575 A JP 2008528575A JP 5393151 B2 JP5393151 B2 JP 5393151B2
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- cetirizine
- rhinitis
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Description
本発明は、ある種の炎症性疾患、例えば鼻炎、喘息及び慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)の治療方法に使用される組成物、並びにこのような組成物の調製方法に関する。
その性質が炎症性である多くの疾患/障害がある。人々に影響を与える炎症性疾患には、喘息、鼻炎、COPD、炎症性大腸炎、関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、結膜炎及び皮膚炎が含まれる。
喘息は炎症と気管支収縮の双方の要素を含む気道の疾患である。喘息の治療法は症状の重症度に基づいている。軽い症例では、治療しないか、又は気管支収縮の要素に影響するβ-アゴニストの吸入で治療されるだけであり、より重症の喘息を患っている患者は、典型的には大方は性質が抗炎症性であるコルチコステロイドを定期的に吸入させることで治療される。
花粉症及び通年性アレルギー鼻炎は、くしゃみ、鼻漏、鼻詰まり、掻痒、結膜炎及び咽頭炎により特徴付けられる。通年性鼻炎の場合、慢性鼻詰まりがしばしば顕著で、耳管閉塞にまで広がるおそれがある。
抗ヒスタミン剤(例えばアゼラスチン及びレボカバスチン)の局所適用には、作用の開始が速やかで、副作用が少ないことを含む利点がある。しかしながら、現在は、セチリジン二塩酸塩は局所投与用の承認薬ではない(但し、臨床試験では、そのようにして投与されている)。
しかしながら、上述した文献のいずれにも、コルチコステロイドと抗ヒスタミン剤とを組合せて含有するリポソーム製薬用組成物については、開示も示唆もされていない。
本発明によれば、活性成分として、抗ヒスタミン剤とコルチコステロイド、並びに極性脂質リポソーム、及び薬学的に許容可能な水性担体を含有し、例えば鼻炎の治療に適した均一な医薬組成物が提供され、該組成物を以下「本発明の組成物」と称する。
本発明の組成物は、鼻炎の治療に特に有用であることが見出されている。「鼻炎」なる用語には、アレルギー性であるか又は非アレルギー性であるかにかかわらず、鼻のあらゆる刺激及び/又は炎症、例えば季節性鼻炎(例えば花粉等の戸外の要因により引き起こされるもの;花粉症)及び/又は通年性鼻炎(例えばハウスダスト、イエダニ、室内のカビにより引き起こされるもの)が含まれると理解されるであろう。
より好ましいコルチコステロイドには、ブデソニド、シクレソニド、フルチカゾン、トリアムシノロン、モメタゾン、及びそれらの一般的に使用される塩、特にブデソニド及びフルチカゾン(例えば塩の形態としては、プロピオン酸塩)が含まれる。
より好ましい抗ヒスタミン剤には、ロラタジン、特にアゼラスチン、フェキソフェナジン、さらに好ましくはレボセチリジン、最も好ましくはセチリジン、及びその一般的に使用される塩が含まれる。
存在する活性成分の全量は、使用されるそれぞれの活性成分に対して適切した単位用量当たりの毎日の用量を付与するのに十分な量である。例えば、これは約20μg〜約200mgの範囲にありうる。
上述した活性成分の用量は平均的な症例の例である;もちろん、より多い又は少ない用量範囲が好ましいとされる個々の症例もあり得、この場合も本発明の範囲内である。
リポソームは、例えばLiposome Drug Delivery Systems, Betageri G Vら, Technomic Publishing AG, Basel, Switzerland, 1993に記載されている溶媒、減圧、2相系、凍結乾燥、超音波処理等を使用する様々な方法により調製することができ、その文献の関連開示を、出典明示によりここに援用する。
極性脂質、例えば以下に記載されるものは、天然及び/又は合成及び/又は半合成由来のものであってもよい。天然及び合成/半合成の極性脂質の混合物もまた本発明の組成物に使用されうる。
よって、本発明の組成物に使用されうる極性脂質は、例えばリン脂質、特にホスファチジルコリン(PC)、ホスファチジルグリセロール(PG)、ホスファチジルイノシトール(PI)、ホスファチジン酸(PA)、ホスファチジルセリン(PS)、又はそれらの混合物をベースにしたものでありうる。
またリン脂質は、また一般式I
-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2OH(ホスファチジルグリセロール)、
-CH2-CH2-N(CH3)3(ホスファチジルコリン)、
-CH2-CH2-NH2(ホスファチジルエタノールアミン)、
-H(ホスファチジン酸)、又は
-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH(ホスファチジルセリン)、
を表す]によって表すことができる。
糖脂質はグリセロ糖脂質であってもよい。本発明の文脈において、「グリセロ糖脂質」なる用語は、一又は複数のグリセロール残基を含む糖脂質を指す。本発明の好ましい態様では、グリセロ糖脂質は、ガラクトグリセロ脂質、より好ましくは次の一般式II
のジガラクトシルジアシルグリセロールを含むか又はそれらからなる。
好ましい糖脂質には、ジガラクトシルジアシルグリセロール(DGDG)が含まれる。
好ましい極性脂質(例えばリン脂質)は、水中で測定可能な程度に膨潤性であるもの、及び/又は自然にリポソーム形成可能なものである。
極性(例えばリン-)脂質が水中で自然に膨潤しない場合には、当業者ならば、より極性があり、膨潤可能な(例えばリン-)脂質、例えばアニオン性(例えばリン-)脂質(例えば、ホスファチジルグリセロール)を添加することで、リポソームをそれでも得ることができることは理解できるであろう。
アシル鎖の相転移温度(鎖融解;ゲル-液晶)が水の氷点よりも低い場合、リポソームの形成は約0℃以上(例えば室温)で実施され得る。
本発明の組成物は、香料(例えば、レモン、メントール又はペパーミントパウダー)、及び/又は甘味料(例えば、ネオヘスペリジン)をさらに含有しうる。
また本発明の組成物は、浸透圧調節剤(tonicity-modifying agents)、例えば塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、グリセロール、グルコース、デキストロース、スクロース、マンニトール等をさらに含有しうる。
本発明のさらなる態様によれば、本発明の組成物を調製するための方法が提供され、該方法は、
(a)コルチコステロイド、抗ヒスタミン剤、及び水性媒体中で膨潤性である極性脂質又は極性脂質混合物を、水性媒体中で混合し;
(b)その調製物をホモジナイズする;
ことを含む。
上述の方法の工程(a)は、好ましくは適切な撹拌(agitation)(例えば撹拌(stirring))下で実施される。
水、食塩水又はバッファー溶液を、所望の最終バッチ容量を得るために、例えば上述したホモジナイズ工程(b)の前、及び/又は上述したpH調節工程の後に、調製物に添加することができる。
本発明の文脈において、脂質は、水性媒体中で、そのような媒体に接触して配された場合に、測定可能な程度まで膨潤するならば、膨潤性であると言うことができる。
減少した平均リポソームサイズ及び狭いリポソームサイズの分布は、好ましくは、リポソーム分散液を適切なホモジナイザー(Rannie APV, 7.30VH型, Rannie AS, デンマーク)を用いて、例えば約300bar〜約1000bar、例えば約400bar〜約900bar、例えば約500〜800barで、約4〜約8(例えば7、特に6)サイクルで、高圧ホモジナイズすると得られる。
本発明の組成物におけるリポソームの直径は、例えばレーザー回析又は動的光散乱により測定した場合、約200nm未満(例えば約40〜約100nm)であることが好ましい。
誤解を避けるために、「治療」には、病状の治療的処置、並びに対症療法、予防、又は診断が含まれる。
本発明の組成物は、非経口的、局所的及び/又は経口的を含む任意の既知の経路で投与されうるが、それらは通常は、経粘膜的、特に経鼻的、経眼的及び経肺的に投与されうる。例えば、本発明の組成物は、鼻用スプレー、点鼻薬及び/又は点眼薬により投与することができる。また、噴霧療法(ネブライザー)により、微細ミストとして本発明の組成物を肺に投与することもできる。経鼻投与には、水性リポソーム分散液のスプレーを作製するのに適した任意の従来の装置を使用することができる。
「約」なる用語が、範囲(例えば、pH値、サイズ、温度、圧力等)及び量(例えば、組成物中の個々の構成物質又は組成物の成分の量、重量及び/又は濃度、リポソーム構造の内部/外部の活性成分(類)の割合、活性成分(類)の絶対用量等)について使用される場合、それは、このような変数が近似値であり、例えば、ここで特定した数値から±10%、例えば±5%、好ましくは±2%(例えば±1%)で変化し得ることが理解されるであろう。
本発明の組成物は、製造が容易で、投与前の再構成の必要性を回避した、使用準備が整った形態であるリポソームベースの製剤の製造を可能とする。
また本発明の組成物は、確立された製薬加工方法を使用して調製することができ、食物、又は製薬、又は同様の規制状況での使用が承認されている物質を用いるという利点を有する。
さらに本発明の組成物には、それらが鼻炎、喘息及び/又はCOPD等の炎症性疾患の治療に使用されようと又は他の目的に使用されようと、従来から既知の医薬組成物よりも、より効果的であり、毒性が低く、長時間作用し、強力で、副作用が少なく、より容易に吸収され、及び/又はより良好な薬物動態特性を有し、及び/又は他の有用な薬理学的、物理的又は化学的特性を有するという利点がある。
一般的手順。 重量と体積については以下の表を参照のこと。2000mL容量のフラスコ中で160mLの水(全バッチ容量の80%)に適切な緩衝塩を溶解させることによって、バッファー溶液を調製する。秤量した量の適切な賦形剤を添加し、磁気撹拌器で撹拌して溶解させる。秤量した量の関連した抗ヒスタミン剤を添加し、攪拌して溶解させる。適切なリン脂質(類)、例えばリポイドS100(及び(もし使用するならば)DMPC)を別々に秤量し、混合し、溶液に添加する。最後に、秤量した量の関連したコルチコステロイドを添加し、十分に分散された懸濁液が形成されるまで、攪拌し続け;1.0MのNaOH及び/又は1.0MのHClを用いて所望のpHに調節する。ついで、調製物の容量を、最終バッチ容量が200mLになるようにする。調製物を高圧ホモジナイザー(Rannie APV 7.30VH型, Rannie AS, デンマーク)に移し、800barで7サイクル、ホモジナイズする。このようにして得られた組成物の一定分量を収集用容器から取り出し、ガラスバイアルに移す。
以下の実施例1から4に概略を示した最終組成物を調製するために上述の手順を用いた。適切な場合には、成分の量を適切にスケールアップさせた(例えば、実施例1から4の場合、200倍)。実施例5及び6の手順は、別に以下に記載する。
1. 0.9mg/mLのアゼラスチンを含有する経鼻投与のためのアゼラスチン溶液(ラスチン(登録商標))を160mL、200mL容量のフラスコに移した。
2. 7gの大豆リン脂質(リポイドS100、リポイドGmbH、独)を添加した。
3. 64mgのブデソニドを添加し、十分に分散した懸濁液か形成されるまで(一晩)、攪拌し続けた。
4. さらにアゼラスチン溶液(上の工程1を参照)を添加して、容量を200mLにした。
5. pHを調べた。
6. 上の一般的手順に記載したようにして、溶液を800barで7サイクル、ホモジナイズした。
工程(3)において、ブデソニドの代わりに25mgのプロピオン酸フルチカゾンを添加することを除き、上述した実施例5に記載の一般的手順を追随した。
Claims (62)
- リポソームの内部及び外部にある水性媒体中における抗ヒスタミン剤及びコルチコステロイドの濃度が±20%異なる、抗ヒスタミン剤、コルチコステロイド、極性脂質リポソーム及び薬学的に許容可能な水性担体を含有する、鼻炎、喘息及び/又は慢性閉塞性肺疾患を治療するための均一な医薬組成物。
- pH4〜pH8のpHを付与可能な薬学的に許容可能なバッファーをさらに含有する請求項1に記載の組成物。
- pHの範囲がpH5〜pH7である請求項2に記載の組成物。
- バッファーが、ホスフェート、シトレート又はアセテートバッファーである請求項2又は3に記載の組成物。
- バッファーが、リン酸二ナトリウム、リン酸二カリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム、リン酸プラス塩基、クエン酸ナトリウム、クエン酸プラス塩基、酢酸ナトリウム、又は酢酸プラス塩基である請求項4に記載の組成物。
- バッファーの量が1mg/mL〜30mg/mLの範囲である請求項2から5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 抗ヒスタミン剤が、アクリバスチン、アリメマジン、アナタゾリン、アステミゾール、アザタジン、アゼラスチン、バミピン、ベポタスチン、ブロマジン、ブロモフェニラミン、ブクリジン、カルビノキサミン、セチリジン、クロロシクリジン、クロロピラミン、クロロフェナミン、シンナリジン、クレマスチン、クレミゾール、クロシニジン、シクリジン、シプロヘプタジン、デプトロピン、デスロラタジン、デクスクロルフェニラミン、ジメンヒドリネート、ジメチンデン、ジメトチアジン、ジフェンヒドラミン、ジフェニルピラリン、ドキシラミン、エバスチン、エフレチリジン、エンブラミン、エメダスチン、エピナスチン、フェキソフェナジン、フルナリジン、ホモクロロシクリジン、ヒドロキシジン、イソチペンジル、レボカルバスチン、レボセチリジン、ロラタジン、メブヒドロリン、メクロジン、メピラミン、メキタジン、メトジラジン、ミゾラスチン、ニアプラジン、オロパタジン、オキサトミド、オキソメマジン、ペミロラスト、フェニンダミン、フェニラミン、フェニルトロキサミン、ピメチキセン、ピピンヒドリネート、プロメタジン、プロピオマジン、キフェナジン、ルパタジン、セタスチン、テルフェナジン、テニルジアミン、チエチルペラジン、トンジルアミン、トルプロパミン、トリメトベンザミン、トリペレンアミン、トリプロリジン、トリトクアリン及びこれら化合物のいずれかの薬学的に許容可能な塩から選択される請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 抗ヒスタミン剤が、ロラタジン、アゼラスチン、フェキソフェナジン、レボセチリジン、セチリジン及びその薬学的に許容可能な塩から選択される請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 抗ヒスタミン剤がセチリジンで、塩が塩化物塩、塩酸塩又は硝酸塩である請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 塩がセチリジン二硝酸塩又はセチリジン二塩酸塩である請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 組成物の調製に使用されるセチリジン又は塩の量が、双性イオン形態で算出して1mg/mL〜30mg/mLである請求項9又は10に記載の組成物。
- 前記量が5.5mg/mL〜22mg/mLである請求項11に記載の組成物。
- コルチコステロイドが、アルクロメタゾン、ベクロメタゾン、ベタメタゾン、ブデソニド、シクレソニド、クロベタゾール、クロベタゾン、デフラザコート、デプロドン、デキサメタゾン、ジフロコルトロン、フルオシノロン、エチプレドノール、フルニソリド、フルオシノニド、フルオコルトロン、フルプレドニデン、フルオロメトロン、フルチカゾン、ハルシノニド、ヒドロコルチゾン、KSR592、ロテプレドノール、メチルプレドニゾロン、モメタゾン、プレドニゾロン、リメキトロン、トリアムシノロン及びこれら化合物のいずれかの薬学的に許容可能な塩から選択される請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- コルチコステロイドが、ブデソニド、シクレソニド、フルチカゾン、トリアムシノロン、モメタゾン及びこれら化合物のいずれかの薬学的に許容可能な塩から選択される請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 極性脂質が天然由来、合成/半合成由来、又はこれら2つの混合物を含む請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 極性脂質が、リン脂質又はリン脂質混合物を含むか又はそれらからなる請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- リン脂質が、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジン酸、ホスファチジルセリン又はその混合物に基づくものを含む請求項16に記載の組成物。
- アミド又はエステル結合基が、-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2OH、-CH2-CH2-N(CH3)3、-CH2-CH2-NH2、-H又は-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOHである請求項18に記載の組成物。
- リン脂質が大豆由来の膜脂質を含んでなる請求項16から19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- リン脂質が、リポイドS75、リポイドS100及び/又はリポイドS75-3Nを含んでなる請求項20に記載の組成物。
- リン脂質が、ジラウリルホスファチジルコリン、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン、ジラウリルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジミリストールホスファチジルグリセロール、ジオレオイルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジオレオイルホスファチジルコリン、又はジミリストールホスファチジルコリンを含んでなる請求項16から21のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- リン脂質が、ジオレオイルホスファチジルコリン又はジミリストールホスファチジルコリンを含んでなる請求項22に記載の組成物。
- 極性脂質が、糖脂質又は糖脂質混合物を含むか又はそれらからなる請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 糖脂質がグリセロ糖脂質を含んでなる請求項24に記載の組成物。
- グリセロ糖脂質がガラクトグリセロ脂質を含んでなる請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 糖脂質がジガラクトシルジアシルグリセロールを含んでなる請求項24から27のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 糖脂質がスフィンゴ糖脂質を含んでなる請求項24に記載の組成物。
- スフィンゴ糖脂質が、モノグリコシルスフィンゴイド、オリゴグリコシルスフィンゴイド、オリゴグリコシルセラミド、モノグリコシルセラミド、シアロスフィンゴ糖脂質、ウロノスフィンゴ糖脂質、スルホスフィンゴ糖脂質、ホスホスフィンゴ糖脂質、ホスホノスフィンゴ糖脂質、セラミド、モノヘキソシルセラミド、ジヘキソシルセラミド、スフィンゴミエリン、リソスフィンゴミエリン、スフィンゴシン又はそれらの混合物を含んでなる請求項29に記載の組成物。
- スフィンゴ糖脂質が、スフィンゴミエリンを含んでなる請求項30に記載の組成物。
- 糖脂質がグリコホスファチジルイノシトールを含んでなる請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 使用される極性脂質物質の量が、10mg/mL〜120mg/mLの範囲である請求項1から32のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 組成物中のリン脂質の量が、17mg/mL〜70mg/mLである請求項1から22又は33のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記量が20mg/mL〜40mg/mLである請求項34に記載の組成物。
- 酸化防止剤をさらに含有する請求項1から35のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 酸化防止剤が、α-トコフェロール、アスコルビン酸、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン、クエン酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸、モノチオグリセロール、プロピオン酸、没食子酸プロピル、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、重亜硫酸ナトリウム、メタ重亜硫酸ナトリウム、メタ重亜硫酸カリウム、亜硫酸ナトリウム、酒石酸及び/又はビタミンEである請求項36に記載の組成物。
- キレート剤をさらに含有する請求項1から37のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- キレート剤が、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(及び/又はその塩)、エチレンジアミン三酢酸及び/又はジエチレントリアミン五酢酸である請求項38に記載の組成物。
- 保存料をさらに含有する請求項1から39のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 保存料が、塩化ベンザルコニウム、安息香酸、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール、ブチルパラベン、クロルブタノール、エチルパラベン、メチルパラベン、プロピルパラベン、フェノキシエタノール及び/又はフェニルエチルアルコールである請求項40に記載の組成物。
- 増粘剤をさらに含有する請求項1から41のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 増粘剤が、ポリエチレングリコール、架橋ポリビニルピロリドン及び/又はヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである請求項42に記載の組成物。
- リポソームの直径が200nm未満である請求項1から43のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記直径が40nm〜100nmである請求項44に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1から45のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の調製方法であって、
(a)コルチコステロイド、抗ヒスタミン剤及び水性媒体中で膨潤性である極性脂質又は極性脂質混合物を、水性媒体中で混合し;
(b)調製物をホモジナイズする;
ことを含んでなる方法。 - 水性媒体がバッファー溶液である請求項46に記載の方法。
- ホモジナイズ工程の前に、酸又は塩基の添加によりpHを所望値に調節する請求項46又は47に記載の方法。
- ホモジナイズ工程の前に、水、食塩水又はバッファー溶液を調製物に添加して、所望の最終バッチ容量を得る請求項46から48のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 水、食塩水又はバッファーの添加が、pH調節工程の後になされる(請求項48に従属する)請求項49に記載の方法。
- 溶液/液体の少なくとも一に、窒素及び/又はアルゴンがパージされる請求項46から50のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 脂質及び/又はコルチコステロイドが有機溶媒で前処理される請求項46から51のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ホモジナイズ工程(b)が、激しい機械的攪拌、高速ホモジナイズ処理、振盪、ボルテックス処理及び/又はローリング処理を含む請求項46から52のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 付加的なリポソーム微細化工程を含む請求項46から53のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記微細化工程が、メンブランフィルターを通す押出しを含む請求項54に記載の方法。
- ホモジナイズ工程及び/又は微細化工程が、高圧ホモジナイズ処理を含む請求項46から52、54又は55のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項46から56のいずれか一項に記載の方法により得られうる、鼻炎、喘息及び/又は慢性閉塞性肺疾患を治療するための医薬組成物。
- 患者への経鼻的、経眼的及び経肺的送達に適している請求項1から45又は57のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 送達方式が経鼻的である請求項58に記載の組成物。
- 鼻炎、喘息及び/又は慢性閉塞性肺疾患の治療のための医薬において、請求項1から45又は57のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含む医薬。
- 鼻炎、喘息及び/又は慢性閉塞性肺疾患の治療のための医薬の調製のための請求項1から45又は57のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の使用であって、該治療が、該疾患を患っているか又は該疾患に罹患しやすいヒトへの該組成物の投与を含む、使用。
- 疾患が鼻炎である請求項60に記載の医薬又は請求項61に記載の使用。
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