JP5384329B2 - 下痢型過敏性腸症候群の治療方法 - Google Patents
下痢型過敏性腸症候群の治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
他に定義されていない場合、本明細書で用いる技術用語、記法及び他の科学用語若しくは専門用語は、本発明が関係する当業者によって通常理解される意味を有するものとする。一部の場合、通常理解される意味を有する用語は、明確性及び/又は即時参照のために本明細書で定義されており、そのような定義を本明細書に含めることは、当技術分野で通常理解されるものからの実質的な差を表すものと必ずしも解釈されるべきではない。本発明の実施には、特に明記しない限り、分子生物学(組換え技術を含む)、微生物学、細胞生物学、生化学、核酸化学及び免疫学の従来の技術を使用するが、これらは当分野の技術の範囲内である。そのような技術は、例えば以下の文献で完全に説明される。Current Protocols in Immunology(J. E. Coligan et al., eds., 1999、2001年までの補遺を含む);Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987、2001年までの補遺を含む);Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, third edition(Sambrook and Russel, 2001);PCR: The Polymerase Chain Reaction,(Mullis et al., eds., 1994);The Immunoassay Handbook(D. Wild, ed., Stockton Press NY, 1994);Bioconjugate Techniques(Greg T. Hermanson, ed., Academic Press, 1996);Methods of Immunological Analysis(R. Masseyeff, W. H. Albert, and N. A. Staines, eds., Weinheim: VCH Verlags gesellschaft mbH, 1993)、Harlow and Lane Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1999;及び、Beaucage et al. eds., Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2000)。
[実施例]
本発明による、クロトン・レクレリからのプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物の異なる好ましい医薬製剤の製造及び包装のための例示的な方法を、以下に記す。
砂糖粒をベースにした、カプセル化された腸溶性コーティングプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物ビーズ製剤を調製するために用いたバッチ処方及び方法の詳細な説明を、下で提供する。各硬質シェルのゼラチンカプセルは、250mgプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物腸溶性コーティングビーズを含有した。カプセルは、それぞれ16個の250mgカプセルを含むHDPEボトルに梱包した。腸溶性コーティングプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物ビーズの製剤は、17.3%(w/w)ノンパレイユシード(40/60メッシュの砂糖粒、Paulaur社製、ロット#60084060)、64.5%のクロトン・レクレリからのプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物、1.5%ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(Methocel E5 Premium、Dow Chemical社製、ロット#MM9410162E)、0.5%Opadry Clear(Colorcon社製、ロット#S83563)、14.5%「EUDRAGIT(商標)L 30D」(Rohm Tech.社製、ロット#1250514132)、1.45%トリエチルシトレート(Morflex社製、ロット#N5X291)、モノステアリン酸グリセリン(Imwitor-900、Rohm Tech社製、ロット#502-229)及び精製水(USP)を含んでいた。
ノンパレイユ砂糖粒を含まないカプセル化腸溶性コーティングビーズ製剤を調製するために用いた処方及び方法を、以下に記す。一製剤は、重量比83.3%のプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物、重量比0.5%のOpadry Clear、重量比14.5%の「EUDRAGIT(商標)L 30D-55」、重量比1.9%のトリエチルシトレート及び0.34%のモノステアリン酸グリセリンを含む。
プロアントシアニジン重合体組成物を、硬質シェルのゼラチンカプセル内の又は経口液剤に懸濁させた腸溶性コーティング顆粒剤又は散剤(直径300500μのマイクロスフェア)として製剤化する方法を下に記載する。プロアントシアニジン重合体組成物粉粒子は、高速混合機/造粒機内でのプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物及びヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースの高剪断粉末混合によって調製する。プロアントシアニジン重合体組成物顆粒剤は、粉粒子が凝集してより大きな顆粒を形成するように、高速混合機/造粒機内でポリビニルピロリドンを粉体にスプレーすることによって調製する。流動床装置を用いて、次に顆粒又は粉体をOpadry Clear(水と混合)のシールコートで覆い、その後、乳化剤として0.7%ラウリル硫酸ナトリウムNF(SLS)及び2.3%ポリソルベート80NF(Tween(商標)20)と供給される、重量比30%の乾燥メタクリル酸重合物質を含む水性分散液として塗布される腸溶性コーティング「EUDRAGIT(商標)L 30D」で塗布し、それに対しては、コーティングの弾力性を改善するために可塑剤のトリエチルシトレート及びモノステアリン酸グリセリンを加える。腸溶性コーティング散剤の最終組成は、重量比81.8%のプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物、重量比1.5%のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、重量比0.5%のOpadry clear、重量比14.5%の「EUDRAGIT(商標)L 30D」、重量比1.45%のトリエチルシトレート及び重量比0.25%のモノステアリン酸グリセリンである。腸溶性コーティング顆粒剤の最終組成は、重量比81.8%のプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物、10%のポリビニルピロリドン、重量比1.5%のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、重量比0.5%のOpadry clear、重量比14.5%の「EUDRAGIT(商標)L 30D」、重量比1.45%のトリエチルシトレート及び重量比0.25%のモノステアリン酸グリセリンである。
腸溶性コーティング錠剤としてプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物を希釈液で製剤化する方法を、以下に記す。各350mg錠剤につき、250mgプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物を、7mgの架橋カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(「AC-DI-SOL(商標)」)及び総量を350mgにするのに十分な質量の微結晶性セルロース(「AVICEL(商標)PH 200/300」)で粒状化する。これらの成分を、Vブレンダーで20〜30分間混合する。20〜30分間混合した後に、1.75mgのステアリン酸マグネシウムを加え、混合物をさらに4〜5分間混合する。得られた顆粒を、5/16インチの標準の凹状パンチを用いて回転タブレット成形機で圧縮する。錠剤は、250グラムの「EUDRAGIT(商標)L 30D-55」、7.5グラムのトリエチルシトレート、37.5グラムのタルク及び205グラムの水から調製される腸溶性コーティング混合物でコーティングする。次に、錠剤を有孔のパン塗工機(例えば「ACCELACOTA(商標)」システム)に入れ、40℃で15rpmで回転させる。腸溶性コーティング製剤を、以下の条件を用いてスプレーする。44℃〜48℃の吸気温度、29℃〜32℃の排気温度、26℃〜30℃の生成物温度、1mmのスプレーノズル、30〜32rpmのパン速度、30〜32CFMの空気流量及び20PSIのスプレー圧。最終的に、パンが60℃の吸気温度で15rpmで回転するときに、錠剤を30分間硬化し、次に、熱を遮断した後、錠剤が室温に冷却するまで錠剤を15rpmで回転させる。
腸溶性コーティング錠剤としてプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物を希釈液なしで製剤化する方法を、下記の通りに実施した。直接圧縮可能なプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物を、下の実施例1Fに記載の方法によって生成した。125mgの錠剤は、重量比99.6%の直接圧縮可能なプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物を重量比0.40%のステアリン酸マグネシウムと2分間混ぜ合わせ、次に、直径1/4インチの丸い標準の凹状パンチを用いて、ロータリプレスで材料を直接4〜10Kpの錠剤硬度へ圧縮して125mg錠剤にすることによって調製した。
腸溶性コーティング錠剤としてのプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物の希釈液を使用しない製剤化を、下記の通りに実施した。直接圧縮可能なプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物を、下の実施例2に記載の通りに単離した。核錠は、024R(30メッシュ)のスクリーンを有するQuadro Comil内で1錠につき250mgのプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物(合計約16kg)を粉にし、次に、粉にした組成物をPatterson Kelleyの2立方フィートツインシェルブレンダーで混合することによって調製した。次に、1錠につき1mgのステアリン酸マグネシウム(Spectrum Quality Products社製、New Brunswick、N.J)をブレンダー内の組成物へ加え、2分間混合した。次に、混合物を回転タブレット成形機で8〜15Kpの錠剤硬度及び0.5%未満の破砕性に圧縮して、251mg錠剤(250mgのプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物を含む)にした。
直接圧縮可能なプロアントシアニジン重合体組成物(上の実施例1E及び1Fで製剤を調製するために用いたもの)を、以下の通りにクロトン・レクレリ(Croton lechleri)植物のラテックスから単離した。
3A.医療品
医療品クロフェレマーは、サイズ00の不透明なスウェーデンオレンジゼラチンカプセルに封入され、微結晶性セルロースで埋め戻された、腸溶性コーティング125mg錠剤からなる。各カプセルは、1、2又は4個の腸溶性コーティング錠剤を含む。錠剤核は、99.93%のクロフェレマー及び0.07%のステアリン酸マグネシウムからなり、メタクリル酸共重合体でコーティングされる。
クロフェレマーはNapo Pharmaceuticals社によって供給され、現行の医薬品製造品質管理基準(cGMP)の下で製造される。ステアリン酸マグネシウムはMallinckrodt社(又は、同等体)によって製造され、27USP/NFに記載のステアリン酸マグネシウムの仕様を満たす。ステアリン酸マグネシウムは、製造業者によって、植物源に由来することが保証される。微結晶性セルロースはFMC社(又は、同等体)によって製造され、27USP/NFに記載の微結晶性セルロースの仕様を満たす。高密度及び低密度の微結晶性セルロースが使用される。メタクリル酸共重合体はDeGussa社によって製造されるtinder商品名Eudragit(登録商標)(L 30-D55)であり、27USP/NFに記載のメタクリル酸共重合体タイプCの仕様を満たす。トリエチルシトレートはMorflex社(又は、同等体)によって製造され、27USP/NFに記載のトリエチルシトレートの仕様を満たす。タルクはWhittaker, Clark and Daniels社(又は、同等体)によって製造され、27USP/NFに記載のタルクの仕様を満たす。精製水は医療品製造業者によって供給され、27USP/NFに記載の精製水の仕様を満たす。スウェーデンオレンジ色の不透明なサイズ00の硬質ゼラチンカプセル本体及びキャップは、Capsugel社(Greenwood、SC)によって供給される。製造業者は、カプセルが、cGMPの下で現行の国民医薬品集(NF)のゼラチンの要件を満たすゼラチンから作製されることを保証する。
錠剤核及び腸溶性コーティング錠剤の組成を、それぞれ表2及び表3に記載する。クロフェレマー及びステアリン酸マグネシウムの量は、クロフェレマーの含水量について補正する薬剤物質の無水力価に基づいて調節される。コーティング後の重量増加量は、約10%である。臨床用のバッチサイズは、腸溶性コーティング錠剤100,000〜150,000個である。その後、1、2又は4個の腸溶性コーティング錠剤をサイズ00カプセルに入れ、各カプセル力価及びプラセボの重量を一致させるために、微結晶性セルロースで埋め戻す。
I.錠剤核の製造
水分を調整する無水ベースでのクロフェレマーの力価に基づき、十分な量のクロフェレマー及びステアリン酸マグネシウムを、製造前に秤量する。クロフェレマーをブレンダーへ加え、ステアリン酸マグネシウムをふるい分けしてクロフェレマーに加える。クロフェレマー及びステアリン酸マグネシウムを混合し、代表的な混合試料を採取して収率を判定する。収率は、100±3%でなければならない。混合物は99.9%活性であるので、混合均一性は必要な場合を除いて判定しない。混合物を、1/aインチの丸い凹状パンチを用いて回転タブレット成形機で直接圧縮する。完成した錠剤核を除塵し、コーティングまで容器に入れておく。生産運転の開始前に、目標の錠剤核重量、厚み及び硬度を満たすために、本番前運転を実施して圧縮の速度及び与圧を調節する。さらに、破砕性及び崩壊を測定する。生産運転の間、錠剤核試料を定期間隔で採取し、錠剤が目標の錠剤重量、厚み及び硬度を満たしていることを確認する。硬度、厚み、重量、破砕性及び崩壊のさらなる試験のために、本番運転の初期、中間及び終期に代表的な錠剤核を採取する。平均錠剤核重量は、目標とする錠剤核重量の±5%内でなければならない。錠剤核、試料錠剤核、廃棄錠剤核及び混合廃棄物の数を照合して、アカウンタビリティ率を計算する。アカウンタビリティ率は、95%未満であってはならず、103%を超えてはならない。錠剤核製造工程の概略図を、下に示す。
10%の名目錠剤核重量増加に基づいて、Eudragit(登録商標)、トリエチルシトレート、タルク及び精製水の量を計算し、秤量する。高剪断混合機を備えた適当な容器に精製水を加える。トリエチルシトレート及びタルクを容器に加え、均質になるまで混合する。プロペラミキサーを備えた別の容器に、Eudragit(著作権)分散液を加えて混合する。トリエチルシトレート及びタルク分散液をEudragit(登録商標)分散液に加え、スプレー工程を通して連続的に撹拌する。パン塗工機械パラメータを適宜調節し、ラインにコーティング分散液を加える。錠剤核をコーティングパンに加え、コーティングパンを軽く振とうしながら35〜40℃に暖める。温度に達すると、錠剤核の平均重量を記録し、目的のコーティング錠重量を計算する。その後、目標とする重量増加が満たされるまで、錠剤核にスプレーし、重量を定期的に検査する。目標とするスプレー速度(4〜8グラム/分/kg錠剤核)、目標とする排気温度(35〜40℃)及び入口温度を、頻繁に監視する。錠剤を45〜50℃で30分間硬化し、次に冷ます。代表的な腸溶性コーティング試料を、試験のために採取する。平均腸溶性コーティング錠剤重量は、目標とする腸溶性コーティング錠剤重量の±5%内でなければならない。
各カプセル力価のカプセル封入のために、腸溶性コーティング錠剤及び微結晶性セルロースを別々に秤量する。正確な剤形(125mg、250mg又は500mg)に従い、名目で600〜800mgのカプセル重量を達成するために、カプセル化する微結晶性セルロースの量を計算する。100個のカプセルの平均に基づくカプセルの平均重量を計算する。カプセルは、サイズ00の交換部品を備え、適当な量の錠剤及び微結晶性セルロースを送達するように調節された、半自動のカプセル封入機械を用いて充填する。目標の総カプセル重量(カプセルシェルと錠剤及び微結晶性セルロースとの合計)を満たすために、本番前運転を実施してトレイ充填重量、タンパー上の回転数及び突き固め回数を調節する。各トレイは、カプセルトレイにカプセル本体を置くことによって調製する。各カプセル本体に、目標の量の錠剤及び微晶質セルロースを詰めて、目標とする充填を達成する。キャップを本体上に置き、密閉する。カプセルをトレイから取り出し、除塵する。各トレイからのカプセル複合体を収集し、工程内試験及び出荷試験のために秤量する。平均カプセル重量は、目標とするカプセル重量の±5%内である。次に、所望の数のカプセルを充填するまで、工程を繰り返す。損傷を受けたカプセル、腸溶性コーティング錠剤廃棄物及び微結晶性セルロース廃棄物を、最終製品照合のために収集する。完成したカプセルの混合体を、出荷試験に送る。完成したカプセル、サンプルカプセル、損傷カプセル及び薬剤物質廃棄物の数を照合し、アカウンタビリティ率を計算する。アカウンタビリティ率は、95%未満であってはならず、103%を超えてはならない。腸溶性コーティング錠剤のカプセル封入の概略図を、下に示す。
4A.治療
試験は、下痢型過敏性腸症候群(dIBS)の対象における、16週多施設第2相無作為化二重盲検プラセボ比較試験であった。IBSの診断のためのRome II基準によって支持されるd−IBSの定義を満たす246名の対象を、4群に無作為化した。プラセボ、125mg1日2回、250mg1日2回及び500mg1日2回。試験は、2週間の無治療スクリーニング期間、12週間の盲目治療期間、続いて2週間の無治療経過観察期間からなった。
薬剤関連の重大な有害事象はなかった。有害事象発生率は、表4に示すように全ての用量群にわたって同程度であった。便秘において、薬剤及び用量に関連した差はなかった。
クロフェレマーの作用機構をさらに調査するために、選択した一群の細胞性サイトカイン放出アッセイ(IL1α;TNF−α誘導及びIL−1誘導のPGE2放出;IFN−γ;IL−2、IL−4;IL−5;IL−6;IL−8;IL10及びTNF−α)及び分子アッセイ(COX−1及びCOX−2酵素アッセイ、並びにグルココルチコイド、セロトニン5HT3、δ−オピオイド、κ−オピオイド、μ−オピオイド及び非選択的オピオイド受容体結合アッセイで、10及び100μg/mLのクロフェレマーを評価した。クロフェレマーは、ConA−及びLPS誘導サイトカイン放出アッセイに対応する細胞傷害アッセイ、並びに、TNF−α及びIL−1誘導PGE放出アッセイに対応するアッセイでも試験した。
Claims (10)
- クロフェレマーを含み、前記クロフェレマーが、50mg/日〜450mg/日の投薬量で投与される、d−IBSに伴う疼痛、又はd−IBSに伴う腹部不快を治療するための治療剤。
- クロフェレマーが腸溶性コーティングされたクロフェレマーである、請求項1に記載の治療剤。
- クロフェレマーが、50mg/日〜450mg/日の量で、経口投与される、請求項2に記載の治療剤。
- クロフェレマーの投与後、疼痛又は不快のない日が少なくとも10%増加する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の治療剤。
- クロフェレマーが全身吸収されない、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の治療剤。
- d−IBSに伴う疼痛、又は腹部不快を治療するための腸溶性保護クロフェレマー(CAS 148465-45-6)を含む治療剤であって、前記腸溶性保護クロフェレマーが50mg/日〜450mg/日の量で経口投与される治療剤。
- 腸溶性保護クロフェレマーが、腸溶性コーティングされたクロフェレマーである、請求項6に記載の治療剤。
- d−IBSに伴う疼痛、又は腹部不快を治療するための薬剤の製造のための、クロトン属の種又はカロフィルム属の種から単離されたクロフェレマーを含む治療剤であって、前記クロフェレマーが、50mg/日〜450mg/日の投薬量で経口投与される、治療剤。
- クロフェレマーが、腸溶性コーティングされたクロフェレマーである、請求項8に記載の治療剤。
- ヒト女性に投与される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の治療剤。
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