JP5368097B2 - 低アクリルアミド食品 - Google Patents
低アクリルアミド食品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5368097B2 JP5368097B2 JP2008532322A JP2008532322A JP5368097B2 JP 5368097 B2 JP5368097 B2 JP 5368097B2 JP 2008532322 A JP2008532322 A JP 2008532322A JP 2008532322 A JP2008532322 A JP 2008532322A JP 5368097 B2 JP5368097 B2 JP 5368097B2
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Description
この米国特許本出願は、どちらも参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2005年9月20日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/718,335号、および2006年7月28日出願の同第60/833,788号の優先権を主張するものである。
本発明は、たとえばこれらの植物のデンプンに富む貯蔵器官において、これらの器官の加工に関連する加熱時に蓄積するアクリルアミドのレベルを低下させるため、植物において遺伝子を下方制御および上方制御するための遺伝的方法に関する。
本発明は、配列番号1、2、3、4、9、10、14、15、23、24または25のポリヌクレオチド配列のいずれかからなる群より選択される配列を有するポリヌクレオチドを含む単離核酸分子に関する。本発明はまた、配列番号1、2、3、4、9、10、14、15、23、24または25のポリヌクレオチド配列の機能的フラグメントを提供する。本発明はさらに、配列番号1、2、3、4、9、10、14、15、23、24または25のポリヌクレオチド配列のいずれかに相補的な核酸またはそのフラグメント、ならびに配列番号1、2、3、4、9、10、14、15、23、24または25のポリヌクレオチド配列のいずれかにハイブリダイズする、少なくとも15の隣接塩基を含む核酸を提供する。
比較のための配列のアラインメントの方法は当分野において周知である。比較のための配列の最適アラインメントは、Smith and Waterman,Adv.Appl.Math.2:482(1981)のローカルホモロジーアルゴリズムによって; Needleman and Wunsch,J.Mol.Biol.48:443(1970)のホモロジーアラインメントアルゴリズムによって;Pearson and Lipman,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.85:2444(1988)の類似性検索法によって;Intelligenetics,Mountain View,CaliforniaによるPC/GeneプログラムのCLUSTAL;Wisconsin Genetics Software Package,Genetics Computer Group(GCG),575 Science Dr.,Madison,Wisconsin,USAのGAP、BESTFIT、BLAST、FASTAおよびTFASTAを含むが、これらに限定されない、これらのアルゴリズムのコンピュータでの実行によって実施し得る;CLUSTALプログラムは、Higgins and Sharp,Gene 73:237 244(1988);Higgins and Sharp,CABIOS 5:151 153(1989);Corpet,et al.,Nucleic Acids Research 16:10881〜90(1988);Huang,et al.,Computer Applications in the Biosciences 8:155〜65(1992)、およびPearson,et al.,Methods in Molecular Biology 24:307〜331(1994)によって詳細に説明されている。
ここで述べるエレメントおよびDNA配列のいずれかまたは全部は、1以上の植物ゲノムに内因性であり得る。従って、本発明の1つの特定実施形態では、最終的な転移カセットのために選択されるエレメントおよびDNA配列のすべてが、形質転換しようとする植物のゲノムに内因性であるまたは天然である。たとえば配列のすべてがジャガイモゲノムに由来し得る。あるいは、エレメントまたはDNA配列の1以上は、形質転換しようとする植物の種と同じではないが、宿主植物細胞における何らかの事象において機能する植物ゲノムに内因性であり得る。そのような植物は、ジャガイモ、トマトおよびアルファルファ植物を含む。本発明はまた、形質転換しようとする植物と異系交配できる植物からの1以上の遺伝因子の使用を包含する。
本発明のポリヌクレオチドは、植物の組織においてポリペプチドまたはタンパク質の発現を特異的に指令するために使用できる。本発明の核酸も、植物の組織において、標的遺伝子の発現を阻害するまたは完全にブロックするために有用であり得る、アンチセンスRNA、または低分子干渉RNA(siRNA)などのRNA干渉(RNAi)に関与するRNAの発現を特異的に指令するために使用できる。ここで使用する、「コード産物」は、プロモーターに作動可能に連結された核酸の最終産物を意味することが意図されている。たとえばタンパク質またはポリペプチドはコード産物であり、アンチセンスRNAをコードする核酸の最終産物であるアンチセンスRNAまたはsiRNAも同様である。コード産物はまた、非翻訳mRNAであり得る。ポリペプチドとタンパク質という用語は、ここでは交換可能に使用される。ここで使用する、プロモーターは、RNAポリメラーゼおよび/または他の転写調節因子に結合する核酸、好ましくはDNAを意味することが意図されている。いかなるプロモーターとも同様に、本発明のプロモーターは、プロモーターに作動可能に連結された核酸分子からmRNA分子を生成するためにDNAまたはRNAの転写を促進するまたは制御する。RNAは、タンパク質またはポリペプチドをコードし得るか、またはRNA干渉分子またはアンチセンス分子をコードし得る。ここで使用する、「作動可能に連結された」は、プロモーター−核酸配列の組合せが、核酸配列がRNAセグメントに転写されるために適切な方向で形成されるような、化学融合、連結またはDNAの合成を指すことが意図されている。本発明のプロモーターはまた、生じるmRNA転写産物の5’非翻訳領域(5’UTR)の一部または全部を含み得る。他方で、本発明のプロモーターは、必ずしも5’UTRのいずれかを有する必要はない。
ここで述べるエレメントおよびDNA配列のいずれかまたは全部は、1以上の植物ゲノムに内因性であり得る。従って、本発明の1つの特定実施形態では、最終的な転移カセットのために選択されるエレメントおよびDNA配列のすべてが、形質転換しようとする植物のゲノムに内因性であるまたは天然である。たとえば配列のすべてがジャガイモゲノムに由来し得る。あるいは、エレメントまたはDNA配列の1以上は、形質転換しようとする植物の種と同じではないが、宿主植物細胞における何らかの事象において機能する植物ゲノムに内因性であり得る。そのような植物は、ジャガイモ、トマトおよびアルファルファ植物を含む。本発明はまた、形質転換しようとする植物と異系交配できる植物からの1以上の遺伝因子の使用を包含する。
本発明は、本発明の単離核酸分子およびポリペプチド配列を含む構築物を提供する。1つの実施形態では、本発明のDNA構築物は、A.ツメファシエンスに由来するTiプラスミドである。
本発明のポリヌクレオチドおよびポリペプチドは、組換え配列を標的宿主細胞に導入するための当分野において公知の標準手法によって宿主植物細胞に導入し得る。そのような手順は、トランスフェクション、感染、形質転換、自然取込み、電気穿孔、バイオリスティクスおよびアグロバクテリウム法を含むが、これらに限定されない。生物学的および物理的植物形質転換プロトコールを含む、外来遺伝子を植物に導入するための方法は、当分野において公知であり、本発明の構築物を植物宿主に挿入するために使用できる。たとえばMiki et al.,1993,「Procedure for Introducing Foreign DNA into Plants」,In:Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,Glick and Thompson,eds.,CRC Press,Inc.,Boca Raton,pages 67〜88参照。選択される方法は宿主植物によって異なり、リン酸カルシウム法などの化学的トランスフェクション法、アグロバクテリウムなどの微生物を介した遺伝子導入(Horsch et al.,Science 227:1229〜31,1985)、電気穿孔法、微量注入法、およびバイオリステイックガン法を含む。好ましい形質転換法は、精密育種(precise breeding)(米国特許出願第2003/0221213 A1号、同第2004/0107455 A1号および同第2005/0229267 A1号参照)および改良形質転換(refined transformation)(米国特許出願第2005/0034188 A1号参照)を含む。
この実施例は、作物のデンプン質組織におけるアスパラギン生合成に関与する遺伝子の下方制御された発現が、これらのデンプン質組織中のアスパラギンの量を低下させ、その結果、これらのデンプン質組織を加熱することから得られる食品中のアクリルアミドの量を低下させることを明らかにする。
この実施例は、作物のデンプン質組織におけるアスパラギン代謝に関与する遺伝子の過剰発現がこれらのデンプン質組織中のアスパラギンの量を低下させ、その結果、これらのデンプン質組織を加熱することから得られる食品中のアクリルアミドの量を低下させることを明らかにする。
グルタミンシンテターゼ遺伝子の過剰発現はアスパラギンのレベル低下を生じさせる。グルタミンシンテターゼ活性を有するタンパク質をコードするいかなる配列も、ジャガイモ塊茎などの所望植物器官において発現されるプロモーターに作動可能に連結することができる。ジャガイモは、配列番号28〜30に示す3つの関連グルタミンシンテターゼ遺伝子を含む。これらの遺伝子の各々のフラグメントを含むDNAセグメントは、グルタミンシンテターゼ活性を有効に下方制御するために使用できる。このために、セグメントの少なくとも1コピーを2つの収束性プロモーターの間またはプロモーターとターミネーターの間に挿入することができる。生じた発現カセットを、何らかの形質転換法を使用することによって対象とする植物に導入できる。その後、低アスパラギン植物器官を生産するトランスジェニック植物を選択することができる。これらの植物器官の加熱処理は、対応物から得られる製品よりも低いアクリルアミドを含有する製品を提供する。たとえば加工されたトランスジェニック塊茎は、非形質転換塊茎から得られるフライドポテトよりも低いアクリルアミドレベルを含むフライドポテトを生成する。アスパラギンレベルに関するグルタミンシンテターゼ過剰発現の結果は、Harrisonと共同研究者達によって(Plant Physiology 133:252〜262,2003)記述されている。しかし、これらの著者達は、加熱が誘導するアクリルアミド蓄積の強力な低下への低アスパラギンレベルの意外な影響を予測できなかった。
この実施例は、作物のデンプン質組織においてそれぞれデンプン分解とアスパラギン生合成に関与する遺伝子の同時下方制御発現が、これらのデンプン質組織を加熱することから得られる食品中のアクリルアミド蓄積を低下させ得ることを明らかにする。
この実施例は、ジャガイモ塊茎においてアスパラギンレベルおよび低温誘導甘味化の両方を低下させるための全天然DNA形質転換法の使用を述べる。これらの塊茎から得られる加工食品は低レベルのアクリルアミドを含む。
アスパラギンシンテターゼなどのアスパラギンの生合成に関与する遺伝子も、それらを突然変異させることによって発現を下方制御することができる。この目的を達成するための1つの方法は「Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes」(TILLING法)と称される。この方法は、ヘテロ二本鎖分析によって塩基対変化を検出する変性高速液体クロマトグラフィー(DHPLC)の能力とメタンスルホン酸エチル(EMS)誘導の突然変異誘発の効率を組み合わせる。この方法は、広範囲の突然変異型対立遺伝子を生成し、迅速で自動化可能であり、化学的に突然変異誘発できる任意の生物に適用し得る。基本的TILLING法では、EMSで処理することによって種子を突然変異誘発する。生じたM1植物を自家受精させ、M2世代の個体を、それらの種子を保管する一方で、突然変異スクリーニングのためのDNA試料を調製するために使用する。DNA試料をプールし、プールをマイクロタイタープレートに整列し、遺伝子特異的PCRに供する(McCallum et al.,Nat Biotechnol 18:455〜457)。
アスパラギンレベルはまた、栽培者の慣行を変化させることによっても低減できる。たとえばアスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子は炭素によって抑制される(Koch KE.Carbonhydrate−modulated gene expression in plants.Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 47:509〜540,1996)。また、土壌中の窒素/硫黄比を低下させることによってアスパラギン蓄積を低減することも可能である。相対的に低い窒素レベルは、低濃度のNに富む化合物および、システイン、グルタチオンおよびS−アデノシルメチオニンなどのS含有代謝産物の上昇を生じさせる。したがって、比較的高いC、高いS、および低いNを含む土壌は、比較的低いアスパラギンを含む食品を生産するために使用できる。
Claims (33)
- 熱処理したジャガイモ製品中のアクリルアミド含量を下げる方法であって、製品を製造するために使用されるジャガイモ植物中のアスパラギンレベルを下げる工程を含み、前記アスパラギンレベルを下げる工程が、配列番号1もしくは配列番号2の配列を含むアスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子を下方制御すること、及び、アスパラギナーゼ遺伝子を上方制御することを含む、方法。
- 前記アスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子のmRNAレベルが下方制御され、かつ、前記アスパラギナーゼ遺伝子のmRNAレベルが上方制御される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アスパラギナーゼ遺伝子が、配列番号9、14または31〜33に示す配列を含む請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記アスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子が、少なくとも1つの組織特異的な植物プロモーターに逆反復配列で作動可能に連結されている請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記組織特異的な植物プロモーターが、塊茎特異的または種子特異的プロモーターである請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記組織特異的な植物プロモーターが、ジャガイモ顆粒結合デンプンシンターゼプロモーター、ジャガイモADP−グルコースピロホスホリラーゼ遺伝子プロモーター、ジャガイモパタチンプロモーター、ジャガイモフラボノイド3’−モノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子プロモーター、またはコムギピューロインドール遺伝子プロモーターである請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ジャガイモ顆粒結合デンプンシンターゼプロモーターが、配列番号8に示す配列を含む請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記ジャガイモADP−グルコースピロホスホリラーゼ遺伝子プロモーターが、配列番号7に示す配列を含む請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記パタチン遺伝子プロモーターが、配列番号22に示す配列を含む請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記フラボノイドモノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子プロモーターが、配列番号13に示す配列より上流の配列を含む請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記アスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子が、熱処理食品を生産するために使用される植物の組織において、総アスパラギンシンテターゼmRNAレベルを抑える制御をするために下方制御される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子が、その5’末端でプロモーターに逆反復配列で作動可能に連結されているか、またはその3’末端でプロモーターに作動可能に連結されている請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ジャガイモ植物中で、R1遺伝子およびホスホリラーゼL遺伝子を下方制御することをさらに含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子、前記アスパラギナーゼ遺伝子、前記R1遺伝子、および前記ホスホリラーゼL遺伝子が、トランスファーDNA内に位置し、かつ配列番号23に示す配列を含む請求項13に記載の方法。
- アスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子が下方制御され、かつ、アスパラギナーゼ遺伝子が上方制御された形質転換ジャガイモ植物の組織から得られる熱処理製品であって、形質転換されていない同一植物の対応する組織から製造される熱処理製品よりも低いアクリルアミド濃度を有する熱処理製品。
- 前記形質転換ジャガイモ植物から製造される製品が、野生型のジャガイモ植物から製造される同一の製品に比べて改善された味覚特性を有する請求項15に記載の熱処理製品。
- 前記形質転換ジャガイモ植物の組織が塊茎である請求項15に記載の熱処理製品。
- 前記熱処理製品が、フライドポテト、チップ、クリスプ、ハッシュドポテトまたはベークドポテトである請求項17に記載の熱処理製品。
- 前記形質転換ジャガイモ植物において、R1遺伝子およびホスホリラーゼL遺伝子の発現が下方制御されている請求項15に記載の熱処理製品。
- 前記製品が、形質転換されていない植物の熱処理製品中のアクリルアミドの濃度よりも少なくとも20%低いアクリルアミド濃度を有する請求項15に記載の熱処理製品。
- プロモーターにアンチセンス方向で作動可能に連結された配列番号1もしくは配列番号2の配列を含むアスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子、及び、アスパラギナーゼ遺伝子を発現する形質転換ジャガイモ植物。
- R1遺伝子およびホスホリラーゼL遺伝子の発現が下方制御されている請求項21に記載の形質転換ジャガイモ植物。
- ジャガイモ植物組織中のアスパラギナーゼ遺伝子を上方制御する工程と、ジャガイモ植物組織中のアスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子を下方制御する工程と、前記ジャガイモ植物組織を処理し、食用製品を得る工程とを含む、低アスパラギンを有するジャガイモ植物組織から食用製品を製造する方法。
- 前記ジャガイモ植物組織中でR1遺伝子およびホスホリラーゼL遺伝子の発現を下方制御することをさらに含む請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記食用製品が、フライドポテト、チップ、クリスプ、ベークドポテトまたは乾燥ポテトである請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記食用製品が、アスパラギナーゼ遺伝子を上方制御していない、かつ、アスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子を下方制御していないジャガイモ植物組織の食用製品におけるアクリルアミドのレベルと比較して、製品を加熱した後、より低いアクリルアミドレベルを有する請求項23に記載の方法。
- (i)ジャガイモ植物組織においてアスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子の発現を抑える制御をする工程およびアスパラギナーゼ遺伝子の発現を促進する制御をする工程、並びに(ii)ジャガイモ植物組織においてR1遺伝子およびホスホリラーゼL遺伝子の発現または活性を抑える制御をする工程を含む、低レベルのアクリルアミドを含む食用製品を生産する方法。
- 前記食用製品が、フライドポテト、チップ、クリスプ、乾燥ポテトまたはベークドポテトである請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記食用製品が、非形質転換植物の食用製品におけるアクリルアミドのレベルと比較して、製品を加熱した後、より低いアクリルアミドレベルを有する請求項27に記載の方法。
- 食用の形質転換ジャガイモ植物製品を製造する方法であって、前記食用の形質転換ジャガイモ植物製品は、加熱後、非形質転換ジャガイモ植物の同一製品を加熱したもののアクリルアミドレベルよりも低いアクリルアミドレベルを有し、前記植物においてアスパラギンシンテターゼ遺伝子を下方制御する工程と、アスパラギナーゼ遺伝子を上方制御する工程と、前記形質転換ジャガイモ植物を処理し、食用植物製品を得る工程とを含む方法。
- 前記ジャガイモ植物のデンプン質組織においてアスパラギンレベルを低下させる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記食用製品が、改変されていない同一製品に比べて改善された食味特性を有する請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記食用製品が、外観、風味、香気およびテクスチャからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの改善された食味特性を有する請求項32に記載の方法。
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EP1974039A2 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
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CA2623266C (en) | 2018-08-21 |
WO2007035752A3 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
AU2006292286A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
EP2333076B1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
JP2009508526A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
CN104894159A (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
EP2333076A2 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
EP2333076A3 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
CN101313070A (zh) | 2008-11-26 |
CA2623266A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
ES2538213T3 (es) | 2015-06-18 |
NZ567293A (en) | 2011-12-22 |
RU2458133C2 (ru) | 2012-08-10 |
DE602006016489D1 (de) | 2010-10-07 |
BRPI0616091B8 (pt) | 2020-01-28 |
EP1974039B1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
WO2007035752A2 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
US20070074304A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
RU2008115111A (ru) | 2009-10-27 |
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