JP5319709B2 - 電気穿孔された細胞を選択的に治療するプラズマ機器 - Google Patents

電気穿孔された細胞を選択的に治療するプラズマ機器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP5319709B2
JP5319709B2 JP2010546337A JP2010546337A JP5319709B2 JP 5319709 B2 JP5319709 B2 JP 5319709B2 JP 2010546337 A JP2010546337 A JP 2010546337A JP 2010546337 A JP2010546337 A JP 2010546337A JP 5319709 B2 JP5319709 B2 JP 5319709B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
plasma
electroporation
cells
electrode
sterilization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2010546337A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2011514814A5 (enExample
JP2011514814A (ja
Inventor
マンフレート シュティーバー
クラウス−ディーター ヴェルトマン
ヴェートケ トーマス フォン
クリスティアン ヴィルケ
ウーヴェ エーレンベルク
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leibniz Institut fuer Plasmaforschung und Technologie eV
Original Assignee
Leibniz Institut fuer Plasmaforschung und Technologie eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leibniz Institut fuer Plasmaforschung und Technologie eV filed Critical Leibniz Institut fuer Plasmaforschung und Technologie eV
Publication of JP2011514814A publication Critical patent/JP2011514814A/ja
Publication of JP2011514814A5 publication Critical patent/JP2011514814A5/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP5319709B2 publication Critical patent/JP5319709B2/ja
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/44—Applying ionised fluids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
    • A61L2/0011—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using physical methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/14—Plasma, i.e. ionised gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
    • A61N1/0412—Specially adapted for transcutaneous electroporation, e.g. including drug reservoirs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/327—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for enhancing the absorption properties of tissue, e.g. by electroporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
    • C12M35/02—Electrical or electromagnetic means, e.g. for electroporation or for cell fusion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N13/00—Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/2406—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes
    • H05H1/2439—Surface discharges, e.g. air flow control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H2245/00—Applications of plasma devices
    • H05H2245/30—Medical applications
    • H05H2245/32—Surgery, e.g. scalpels, blades or bistoury; Treatments inside the body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H2245/00—Applications of plasma devices
    • H05H2245/30—Medical applications
    • H05H2245/34—Skin treatments, e.g. disinfection or wound treatment

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
JP2010546337A 2008-02-12 2009-02-12 電気穿孔された細胞を選択的に治療するプラズマ機器 Expired - Fee Related JP5319709B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008008614A DE102008008614A1 (de) 2008-02-12 2008-02-12 Plama-Gerät zur selektiven Behandlung elektroporierter Zellen
DE102008008614.2 2008-02-12
PCT/EP2009/051650 WO2009101143A1 (de) 2008-02-12 2009-02-12 Plasma-gerät zur selektiven behandlung elektroporierter zellen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2011514814A JP2011514814A (ja) 2011-05-12
JP2011514814A5 JP2011514814A5 (enExample) 2012-03-29
JP5319709B2 true JP5319709B2 (ja) 2013-10-16

Family

ID=40688466

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2010546337A Expired - Fee Related JP5319709B2 (ja) 2008-02-12 2009-02-12 電気穿孔された細胞を選択的に治療するプラズマ機器

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8894644B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2254664B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP5319709B2 (enExample)
DE (1) DE102008008614A1 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2422260T3 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2009101143A1 (enExample)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101773846B1 (ko) * 2016-05-30 2017-09-01 광운대학교 산학협력단 가스 공급형 비열 플라즈마 피부염 치료기 및 이의 용도
KR101773847B1 (ko) * 2016-05-30 2017-09-01 광운대학교 산학협력단 가스 공급형 비열 플라즈마 피부 미용기 및 이의 용도

Families Citing this family (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2699097T3 (es) 2009-06-16 2019-02-07 Theradep Tech Inc Dispositivos de cicatrización
DE102009028462A1 (de) * 2009-08-11 2011-03-24 Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Behandlung von lebenden Zellen mittels eines Plasmas
DE202009011521U1 (de) * 2009-08-25 2010-12-30 INP Greifswald Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e. V. Plasma-Manschette
DE102009047220A1 (de) 2009-11-27 2011-06-01 Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines gepulsten Anisothermen Atmosphärendruck-Plasmas
AU2011323341B2 (en) 2010-11-02 2016-03-31 U.S. Patent Innovations System and method for electrosurgical conductive gas cutting for improving eschar, sealing vessels and tissues
EP3117789A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2017-01-18 U.S. Patent Innovations, LLC System for cold plasma therapy
CN102321606B (zh) * 2011-08-04 2014-01-01 大连大学 一种利用大气压冷等离子体提高细胞膜通透性的方法
DE102011055326A1 (de) * 2011-11-14 2013-05-16 Adelheid Mirwald Verfahren zur Sterilisation von Personen
JP2013191404A (ja) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-26 Toyota Gakuen サンプルと密着可能なマイクロプラズマ用ノズル
GB2509063A (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-25 Linde Ag Plasma device with earth electrode
WO2014106258A1 (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-03 Cold Plasma Medical Technologies, Inc. Cold plasma electroporation of medication and associated methods
US9339572B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-17 EP Technologies LLC Methods and solutions for killing or deactivating spores
DE102014105720A1 (de) 2014-04-23 2015-10-29 Inp Greifswald E.V. Wirkauflage und Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Oberfläche
US10405913B2 (en) 2014-10-06 2019-09-10 Us Patent Innovations, Llc Cold plasma scalpel
ES2896405T3 (es) 2014-11-19 2022-02-24 Technion Res & Dev Foundation Sistema de generación de plasma frío
US11490947B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2022-11-08 Clear Intradermal Technologies, Inc. Tattoo removal using a liquid-gas mixture with plasma gas bubbles
CA2986031C (en) 2015-05-15 2024-03-19 ClearIt, LLC Systems and methods for tattoo removal using cold plasma
WO2017019722A1 (en) 2015-07-28 2017-02-02 EP Technologies LLC Scrubbing device for cleaning, sanitizing or disinfecting
CA2996310A1 (en) 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 EP Technologies LLC Generation of antimicrobial wipes using non-thermal plasma
JP6974353B2 (ja) 2016-02-01 2021-12-01 セラデップ テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド 治療薬を送達するシステム及び方法
US10765850B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2020-09-08 Gojo Industries, Inc. Methods and systems for trans-tissue substance delivery using plasmaporation
GB201617173D0 (en) 2016-10-10 2016-11-23 Univ Strathclyde Plasma accelerator
US20180104503A1 (en) * 2016-10-15 2018-04-19 Michelle Wirtz Cold atmospheric plasma treatment of actinic keratosis and non-melanoma skin cancer
US10692704B2 (en) 2016-11-10 2020-06-23 Gojo Industries Inc. Methods and systems for generating plasma activated liquid
DE102017107210A1 (de) 2017-04-04 2018-10-04 Universität Rostock Vorrichtung zur keimlastreduktion
DE102017120902A1 (de) * 2017-09-11 2019-03-14 Cinogy Gmbh Plasma-Behandlungsgerät
US11690998B2 (en) 2017-10-31 2023-07-04 Theradep Technologies, Inc. Methods of treating bacterial infections
KR101970644B1 (ko) * 2017-11-22 2019-08-13 주식회사 하이로닉 경피 전달 촉진을 위한 복합 시술 장치
KR102132370B1 (ko) * 2018-03-13 2020-08-05 주식회사 지씨에스 피부관리장치, 피부관리장치의 구동방법 및 컴퓨터 판독가능 기록매체
KR102030528B1 (ko) * 2018-03-29 2019-11-08 주식회사 지씨에스 피부관리장치 및 그 장치의 구동방법
WO2019232438A1 (en) * 2018-06-01 2019-12-05 Yan Dayun Method and system of sensitizing cancer cells to chemical treatment by plasma based activation
EP3607909A1 (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-12 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Atmospheric pressure plasma jet device
CA3124411A1 (en) 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 ClearIt, LLC Systems and methods for tattoo removal using an applied electric field
PL248086B1 (pl) * 2021-07-06 2025-10-20 Politechnika Wroclawska Sposób ochrony roślin istotnych gospodarczo, zwłaszcza roślin naczyniowych, przed patogenami bakteryjnymi
DE102022100053A1 (de) 2022-01-03 2023-07-06 Snejan Dimitrov Ivantchev Topisches Mittel zur Behandlung von Alopecia areata (SNEZHALIN))

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5993434A (en) 1993-04-01 1999-11-30 Genetronics, Inc. Method of treatment using electroporation mediated delivery of drugs and genes
SE513814C2 (sv) 1998-03-31 2000-11-06 Aditus Medical Ab Anordning för behandling av sjukdomar med elektriska fält
IT1320187B1 (it) 2000-04-21 2003-11-26 Igea Srl Dispositivo e metodo di elettro-porazione che fornisce un segnalemodulato sotto il controllo continuo della elettro-permeabilizzazione
US20020122896A1 (en) * 2001-03-02 2002-09-05 Skion Corporation Capillary discharge plasma apparatus and method for surface treatment using the same
JP4191951B2 (ja) * 2002-04-25 2008-12-03 ソントル ファルマペプティド 抗微生物剤投与装置および組立品
AU2003302337A1 (en) * 2002-12-31 2004-07-29 The Johns Hopkins University Wound healing method and kits
US8455228B2 (en) * 2003-07-16 2013-06-04 University Of South Florida Method to facilitate directed delivery and electroporation using a charged stream
AU2004277376B2 (en) * 2003-07-18 2011-06-02 Eastern Virginia Medical School Apparatus for generating electrical pulses and methods of using the same
US8101169B2 (en) * 2005-02-23 2012-01-24 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Ocular gene therapy using avalanche-mediated transfection
AU2006239843B8 (en) * 2005-04-25 2011-06-30 Drexel University Methods for non-thermal application of gas plasma to living tissue
DE102005029148B4 (de) * 2005-06-23 2013-10-31 Eisenmann Ag Vorrichtung zur Luftaufbereitung sowie Oberflächenbehandlungsanlage mit derselben
CA2547043C (en) * 2005-08-05 2014-07-29 Mcgill University A plasma source and applications thereof
DE102006019664B4 (de) * 2006-04-27 2017-01-05 Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. Kaltplasma-Handgerät zur Plasma-Behandlung von Oberflächen
DE102007025452A1 (de) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Oberflächen mit Mikro- und Nanopartikeln mit Hilfe von Plasmaverfahren
JP4844488B2 (ja) * 2007-07-11 2011-12-28 株式会社Ｉｈｉ 高電圧パルス制御による選択的液体処理方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101773846B1 (ko) * 2016-05-30 2017-09-01 광운대학교 산학협력단 가스 공급형 비열 플라즈마 피부염 치료기 및 이의 용도
KR101773847B1 (ko) * 2016-05-30 2017-09-01 광운대학교 산학협력단 가스 공급형 비열 플라즈마 피부 미용기 및 이의 용도

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009101143A1 (de) 2009-08-20
EP2254664A1 (de) 2010-12-01
US20110112528A1 (en) 2011-05-12
ES2422260T3 (es) 2013-09-10
US8894644B2 (en) 2014-11-25
JP2011514814A (ja) 2011-05-12
EP2254664B1 (de) 2013-04-24
DE102008008614A1 (de) 2009-08-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5319709B2 (ja) 電気穿孔された細胞を選択的に治療するプラズマ機器
US9663754B2 (en) Atmosphereic pressure plasma jet for delivering active substances encapsulated in nanoparticles or microparticles to tissue
CA3115521C (en) Treatment of dermal glands by the application of non-thermal energy
Von Woedtke et al. Clinical plasma medicine: state and perspectives of in vivo application of cold atmospheric plasma
US20180140824A1 (en) Non-thermal plasma device
KR101859187B1 (ko) 피부미용 및 피부재생 치료가 가능한 하이브리드 플라즈마 장치
WO2020219517A3 (en) Electrical stimulation for cancer treatment with internal and external electrodes
WO2014143412A1 (en) Method and apparatus for antimicrobial treatment
WO2013040542A1 (en) Systems methods and machine readable programs for electric field and/or plasma-assisted onychomycosis treatment
CN105980002A (zh) 用于分子、药物、疫苗等的细胞内和细胞间递送的方法和仪器
WO2018093261A1 (en) Non-therma plasma device with electromagnetic compatibility control
Xiong Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPs) for skin wound healing
KR20110026244A (ko) 고주파 치료 장치 및 방법
US9242041B2 (en) Method and apparatus for cancer treatment
US20150112300A1 (en) Method for enhanced trans-tissue delivery of therapeutic substances
US20080243048A1 (en) Ultrasound wound care method
Dobrynin et al. Cold plasma sterilization of open wounds: Live rat model
KR101286272B1 (ko) 피복재 및 전기자극기가 구비된 의료기기
CN110420387B (zh) 基于大气压柔性低温等离子体的足部干式灭菌装置
Chutsirimongkol et al. Non-thermal atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma, medical application studies in Thailand
CN103764226B (zh) 用于治疗包括病毒和细菌的病原体的方法和设备
KR20200086658A (ko) 피부재생 자극 장치
US20240277400A1 (en) Device and method for killing of microbial contaminants
Zhao et al. Recent progress on physical and biomedical studies of cold atmospheric plasmas from plasma health scientech group
DE202025102734U1 (de) Hochfrequenz-Elektrotherapiegerät für nicht heilende Wunden

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20120209

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20120209

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20130607

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20130618

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20130711

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 5319709

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees