JP5306204B2 - アルデヒドのカルベン触媒極性転換反応を介したα−ヒドロキシケトンの製造 - Google Patents
アルデヒドのカルベン触媒極性転換反応を介したα−ヒドロキシケトンの製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5306204B2 JP5306204B2 JP2009524992A JP2009524992A JP5306204B2 JP 5306204 B2 JP5306204 B2 JP 5306204B2 JP 2009524992 A JP2009524992 A JP 2009524992A JP 2009524992 A JP2009524992 A JP 2009524992A JP 5306204 B2 JP5306204 B2 JP 5306204B2
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- alkyl
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 alkali metal carboxylate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- MWKAGZWJHCTVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxyoctadecan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(C)=O MWKAGZWJHCTVJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ACMIJDVJWLMBCX-PXAZEXFGSA-N 4-[(3ar,6ar)-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydro-1h-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyrrol-5-yl]-6-fluoro-n-methyl-2-(2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxy-9h-pyrimido[4,5-b]indol-8-amine Chemical compound CNC1=CC(F)=CC(C2=C(N3C[C@@H]4NCC[C@@H]4C3)N=3)=C1NC2=NC=3OC1=CN=C(C)N=C1 ACMIJDVJWLMBCX-PXAZEXFGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 8
- ONFOSYPQQXJWGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid Chemical compound CSCCC(O)C(O)=O ONFOSYPQQXJWGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006657 acyloin condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004716 alpha keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- CLUWOWRTHNNBBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiopropanal Chemical compound CSCCC=O CLUWOWRTHNNBBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- RKZIPFOHRUCGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydroimidazole-1-carboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)N1CCN=C1 RKZIPFOHRUCGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pent-4-en-2-one Chemical group CC(=C)CC(=O)Cc1c(C)cc(C)cc1C UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROWKJAVDOGWPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetoin Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)=O ROWKJAVDOGWPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007193 benzoin condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JCYWCSGERIELPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N imes Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1N1C=CN(C=2C(=CC(C)=CC=2C)C)[C]1 JCYWCSGERIELPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MNNSCZMJIYYESW-BYPYZUCNSA-N (2s)-4-methylsulfanyl-2-nitrosobutanoic acid Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N=O)C(O)=O MNNSCZMJIYYESW-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXACCLJSQYOHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-1-ium-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1N1C(C([O-])=O)=[N+](C=2C(=CC(C)=CC=2C)C)CC1 QXACCLJSQYOHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGIFYZPGSSZKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxyethanone Chemical compound OCC(=O)C1CCCCC1 XGIFYZPGSSZKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLCZRWKIQPLYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-one Chemical compound OCC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QLCZRWKIQPLYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFABMVXGFGEPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-4-methylsulfanylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CSCCC(=O)CO HFABMVXGFGEPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDJJNIXWMAWMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxyhexan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CO FDJJNIXWMAWMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIBPMIMLABIQGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxynonan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)CO MIBPMIMLABIQGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVDDSUDJZRIFPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethanone Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(=O)CO)O1 JVDDSUDJZRIFPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWWCVJBZKKLDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O.OCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O.OCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWWCVJBZKKLDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical group CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZELXJBMMZFDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidazol-2-one Chemical class O=C1N=CC=N1 WZELXJBMMZFDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAGOITPPXLOMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1C=NC=C1.C(=O)(O)N1C=NCC1 Chemical class N1C=NC=C1.C(=O)(O)N1C=NCC1 LAGOITPPXLOMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQJOUSFHDYLMMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1C=NCC1.N1(C=NCC1)C(=O)O Chemical class N1C=NCC1.N1(C=NCC1)C(=O)O ZQJOUSFHDYLMMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007296 Stetter synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003934 aromatic aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012039 electrophile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000769 gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012812 general test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GFAZHVHNLUBROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl propionaldehyde Natural products CCC(=O)CO GFAZHVHNLUBROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012011 nucleophilic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C319/00—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
- C07C319/14—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides
- C07C319/20—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides by reactions not involving the formation of sulfide groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0239—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0244—Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/72—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups
- C07C45/75—Reactions with formaldehyde
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D233/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/90—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07D307/46—Doubly bound oxygen atoms, or two oxygen atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Description
・薬剤および農産物保護剤のための前駆体である複素環、例えばイミダゾール(EP−A252162)およびイミダゾロン(Journal of the Chemical Society Perkin II 1981, 310)の製造用に、
・その還元力に基づき、繊維を染色するための染色法における還元剤として(EP−A364752)
・食品中の香気物質、例えばアセトインまたはそれから生じるジアセチルとして用いられ、
・またそれに加えて、天然物における構造モチーフおよび頻繁に見られる構成成分として重要であり、このことは将来の薬剤のために非常に意義を持ちうる(Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, 3070)。
ベンゾイン反応:これは、触媒としてのシアン化物を用いたアルデヒドの極性転換によりα−ヒドロキシケトンを得るための2つのアルデヒドの付加と理解される。芳香環による安定化に基づき、シアン化物との反応は芳香族アルデヒドに制限されている(Organische Chemie[Organic Chemistry], K. Peter C. Vollhardt VCH, p.1025, なおそれにCastells他, Tetrahedron letters 1985, 26, 5457)。さらにより久しく公知であるのは、チアゾリウムカルベン触媒を用いたベンゾイン縮合である(Breslow, Journal of the American Chemical Society 1959, 3719)。
ステッター反応:該反応は、カルベンを用いて触媒されうる、1,4−求電子体による極性転換されたアルデヒドの付加と理解される。
・アシロイン形成反応に際しての、例えば触媒活性のイミダゾリウムカルベンを分離するための塩基の使用は、副反応、例えばアルデヒド間のアルドール縮合の原因となり、かつ
・所望されたα−ヒドロキシケトン(アシロイン)の収率の低下につながる。
・使用された塩基は、引き続き生成物から分離されなければならず、このことは付加的な煩雑さを意味し、かつ−例えば医薬品のために必要とされるような−高い純度を得る場合に困難となりうる。
・その上なお、種々のアルデヒドを互いに反応させる交差アルデヒド−アルデヒド付加のための一般的な合成パターンは今日まで公知ではない(Angewandte Chemie, 2004, 1348を参照のこと)。
・イミダゾリウムカルベンカルボキシレートIIもしくはイミダゾリニウムカルボキシレートIIIを、実際に活性のイミダゾリウムカルベン触媒もしくはイミダゾリニウムカルベン触媒の供給源として使用するために、まず脱カルボキシル化を要する。
・そのような例えば不飽和のイミダゾリウムカルベンカルボキシレートの脱カルボキシル化はH.A.Duong他(上記を参照のこと)に従って行われる。しかしながら、それは187℃からの温度で初めて行われるため、触媒活性のカルベンの遊離はそのような温度で初めて見込むことができた。この結果は、当業者がイミダゾリウムカルベンカルボキシレートを触媒としてアシロイン形成に際して真剣に考慮に入れることを、アシロイン形成反応におけるこのように高い温度での顕著な副反応に基づき思いとどまらせていたと考えられる。
一般式IIおよびIIIの化合物:
R=R'=Hおよび
R''=CH3SCH2CH2、すなわちCH2=Oのアルデヒドおよびメチルメルカプトプロピオンアルデヒドを使用する方法である。これらの方法は、全てをひっくるめて家畜栄養において使用されるメチオニンもしくはケトメチオニンのためのまたはそれにメチオニンヒドロキシ類似体(MHA)のための前駆体、例えば化合物Vの製造に顕著に適している。
R=H、
R'=CH3SCH2CH2および
R''=Hのアルデヒドを使用する方法である。
R=H
R'=CH3またはC2H5および
R''=CH3SCH2CH2のアルデヒドを用いる方法である。
一般式IX、XまたはXI
・アシロイン形成のあいだ塩基の使用をなくすことによって、発生する副生成物はより少なくなる。不所望のアルドール縮合が実際、完全に回避される。
・上述の塩基のような付加的な助剤を使用する必要がなく、かつ反応後のそれらの分離が不要である。
・慣例の方法と比較してアシロイン生成物のより高い純度が達成される。
・本発明による方法は、非常に好適な方法条件、例えば低い温度および僅かな触媒使用量によって際立つ。
・本発明による方法によって、飼料添加剤の産業において重要ないくつかの新規の化合物が入手される。これらは経済的にかつ良好な収率で製造することができる。
実施例1〜44に関する一般的な試験の記載:
パラホルムアルデヒドおよび触媒を不活性のシュレンクフラスコ内に量り入れ、かつ溶剤(絶対テトラヒドロフラン、THF)を添加した。引き続き、出発材料(アルデヒド)、GC分析用の標準物質(トルエン、0.1当量、出発材料に対して)および場合によって塩基(カルベン触媒前駆体としてイミダゾリニウム塩が使用される場合=比較例)を、セプタムを通して添加した。反応混合物を、磁気攪拌機によって約30分攪拌した。反応を、室温(20〜22℃)にて第2表〜第4表の中でそれぞれ明記された反応時間で実施した。反応の終了後(GC−FIDによる転化のモニタリング)、生成物を溶媒の蒸留除去後にカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。下記の全ての生成物構造を、GC−MSおよびNMRデータによって確認した。転化率(もしくは収率)の測定は、出発物質と、あらかじめ単離した生成物とを別個に校正することによって行った。転化率と収率との間に差違が生じる原因の大部分は、副生成物としての二量化、三量化したおよび重合した化合物によるものとされうる。
Claims (19)
- アルデヒドのアシロイン付加によってα−ヒドロキシケトンを製造するための触媒としての、
以下の一般式IIまたはIII
- アルデヒドのアシロイン付加によってα−ヒドロキシケトンを製造するための触媒としての、
以下の式IV
- 前記のC 1 〜C 6 −アルキルがメチルを意味することを特徴とする、請求項2記載の使用。
- 前記のC 6 〜C 18 −アリールアルキルがフェニルメチルである、請求項4記載の方法。
- R=R'=H、かつ
R''=CH3SCH2CH2
であることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の方法。 - R=H、
R'=CH3SCH2CH2 、かつ
R''=H
であることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の方法。 - R=H、
R'=CH3 、かつ
R''=CH3SCH2CH2
であることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の方法。 - R=H、
R'=C2H5 、かつ
R''=CH3SCH2CH2
であることを特徴とする、請求項4記載の方法。 - 前記触媒を、使用されるアルデヒドに対して、0.1〜5モル%の濃度で使用することを特徴とする、請求項4から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記反応を、−20℃〜100℃の温度で実施することを特徴とする、請求項4から10までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記反応を、15℃〜80℃の温度で実施することを特徴とする、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記反応を、20〜60℃の温度で実施することを特徴とする、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記反応を、二酸化炭素の分圧が0.1〜20barのもとで実施することを特徴とする、請求項4から13までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記反応を室温で実施することを特徴とする、請求項15記載の方法。
- その対応する酸がpKa>8を示す塩基を使用することを特徴とする、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記塩基として、アルカリ金属カルボン酸塩もしくはアルカリ土類金属カルボン酸塩、アルカリ金属アルコラートもしくはアルカリ土類金属アルコラート、アルカリ金属炭酸塩もしくはアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩、または、第一級アミン、第二級アミン、第三級アミンもしくは二環式アミンを使用することを特徴とする、請求項17記載の方法。
- 前記塩基として、酢酸ナトリウム、カリウムtert−ブトキシド又は1,8−ジアゾビシクロ[5.4.0]ウンデカ−7−エン(DBU)を使用することを特徴とする、請求項18記載の方法。
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PCT/EP2007/057626 WO2008019927A1 (de) | 2006-08-18 | 2007-07-24 | Herstellung von alpha-hydroxyketonen über carben-katalysierte umpolungsreaktion von aldehyden |
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US20110165606A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2011-07-07 | Tutturen Astrid E V | Methods for modifying, isolating, detecting, visualizing, and quantifying citrullinated and/or homocitrullinated peptides, polypeptides and proteins |
DE102008026341A1 (de) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-12 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Katalysatoren zur Synthese von Polyurethanen |
CN101665567B (zh) * | 2008-09-01 | 2011-11-23 | 南京工业大学 | 卡宾衍生物催化的环状化合物可调控开环聚合方法 |
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CN101506135B (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
WO2008019927A1 (de) | 2008-02-21 |
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