JP5215562B2 - プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用 - Google Patents
プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5215562B2 JP5215562B2 JP2006546107A JP2006546107A JP5215562B2 JP 5215562 B2 JP5215562 B2 JP 5215562B2 JP 2006546107 A JP2006546107 A JP 2006546107A JP 2006546107 A JP2006546107 A JP 2006546107A JP 5215562 B2 JP5215562 B2 JP 5215562B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- aromatic
- membrane
- acids
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 heteroaromatic diamino carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 143
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 82
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XNQULTQRGBXLIA-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonic anhydride Chemical compound O[P+](O)=O XNQULTQRGBXLIA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- OYFRNYNHAZOYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1O OYFRNYNHAZOYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipicolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitrole Chemical group NC1=NC=NN1 KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- YDMVPJZBYSWOOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1C=C(C(O)=O)NN=1 YDMVPJZBYSWOOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDOWNLMZVKJRSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=C1 CDOWNLMZVKJRSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WAJQSFFBBJKSBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC(O)=C21 WAJQSFFBBJKSBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFEWXDOYPCWFHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxybenzoyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 LFEWXDOYPCWFHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNLYHYHJIXGBFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trifluoromethyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1C(O)=O VNLYHYHJIXGBFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BCEQKAQCUWUNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 BCEQKAQCUWUNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XFFZVIRSYFJKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylpyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=NC(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O XFFZVIRSYFJKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QNVNLUSHGRBCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QNVNLUSHGRBCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SCKXCAADGDQQCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Performic acid Chemical compound OOC=O SCKXCAADGDQQCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MPFLRYZEEAQMLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinicotinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 MPFLRYZEEAQMLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWZCCUDJHOGOSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O GWZCCUDJHOGOSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MJIVRKPEXXHNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutidinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C(O)=O)=C1 MJIVRKPEXXHNJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GMIOYJQLNFNGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 GMIOYJQLNFNGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HLRLQGYRJSKVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C(O)=O)=N1 HLRLQGYRJSKVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- FOMVFKTYQSZBMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1C=CC(O)=CC1(O)C(O)=O FOMVFKTYQSZBMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UKGMFBZPIQCNPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1C=CC=C(O)C1(O)C(O)=O UKGMFBZPIQCNPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-diaminobenzidine Chemical group C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QXGJCWSBOZXWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxyphthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1C(O)=O QXGJCWSBOZXWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 3
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocinchomeronic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)N=C1 LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OLAPPGSPBNVTRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1C(O)=O OLAPPGSPBNVTRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1 ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WPUMVKJOWWJPRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 WPUMVKJOWWJPRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PIPQOFRJDBZPFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1NC=N2 PIPQOFRJDBZPFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFNRNCNCXRGUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(C(O)=O)C(F)=C1F WFNRNCNCXRGUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PGRIMKUYGUHAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(C(O)=O)=C1F PGRIMKUYGUHAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YUWKPDBHJFNMAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(F)=C1 YUWKPDBHJFNMAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YJLVXRPNNDKMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1C(O)=O YJLVXRPNNDKMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWHLJVMSZRKEAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dicarboxyphenyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C(=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O GWHLJVMSZRKEAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BBCQSMSCEJBIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1C(O)=O BBCQSMSCEJBIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RQBIGPMJQUKYAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-diaminophenoxy)benzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 RQBIGPMJQUKYAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JKETWUADWJKEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-diaminophenyl)sulfonylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 JKETWUADWJKEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PHQYMDAUTAXXFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 PHQYMDAUTAXXFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KBZFDRWPMZESDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 KBZFDRWPMZESDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AUIOTTUHAZONIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluorobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(F)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 AUIOTTUHAZONIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ANUAIBBBDSEVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4,5-tetramine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=C(N)C=C1N ANUAIBBBDSEVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NLNRQJQXCQVDQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,4-diaminophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 NLNRQJQXCQVDQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1C(O)=O DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- IAYUQKZZQKUOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,5,6-tetramine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=C(N)N=C1N IAYUQKZZQKUOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CHGYKYXGIWNSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=NC(C(O)=O)=C1 CHGYKYXGIWNSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- GOEWOMATKBPGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1O GOEWOMATKBPGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- OBKARQMATMRWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 OBKARQMATMRWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JWHOQZUREKYPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubonic acid Natural products CC1(C)CCC2(CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CCC(=O)C(C)(C)C5CC(=O)C34C)C2C1)C(=O)O JWHOQZUREKYPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VMLKTERJLVWEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-naphthyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=CC=CN=C21 VMLKTERJLVWEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[h]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 4
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YWJNJZBDYHRABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C1O YWJNJZBDYHRABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910003209 (NH4)3H(SeO4)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SUTQSIHGGHVXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-trifluoroethenylbenzene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 SUTQSIHGGHVXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SN=NC2=C1 FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OWQPOVKKUWUEKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzotriazine Chemical compound N1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 OWQPOVKKUWUEKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLLFVLKNXABYGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzoxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2ON=NC2=C1 SLLFVLKNXABYGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBVIDBNAYOIXOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C=1N=CON=1 BBVIDBNAYOIXOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-thiadiazole Chemical compound C=1N=CSN=1 YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NC=N1 FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNIZNHTOVFARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NSC2=C1 CSNIZNHTOVFARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NOC2=C1 KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBIZXFATKUQOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=NN=CS1 MBIZXFATKUQOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC=N1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSOSXKMEQPYESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-naphthyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC2=CC=CN=C21 VSOSXKMEQPYESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXBVNILGVJVVMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-naphthyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 MXBVNILGVJVVMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZROILLPDIUNLSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(=O)O)C=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZROILLPDIUNLSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Chemical compound C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 2
- VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (2S,3S)-3,4-dimethyl-2-phenylmorpholine Chemical compound OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)c1ccccc1 VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCJKUXYSYJBBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)O1 DCJKUXYSYJBBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=COC=C21 UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYTMVABTDYMBQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CSC=C21 LYTMVABTDYMBQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MILSYCKGLDDVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpropan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MILSYCKGLDDVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004485 2-pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 2
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LLTSIOOHJBUDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5-triphenyl-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(N1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LLTSIOOHJBUDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KPKQWXGFEKRQQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diphenyl-1h-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 KPKQWXGFEKRQQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- MZGVIIXFGJCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(O)C=C1O MZGVIIXFGJCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005964 Acibenzolar-S-methyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003860 C1-C20 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCVZMGMZEMTIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=CN=C2N=CNC2=C1.N1=CN=CC2=C1C=CC=N2 Chemical compound N1=CN=C2N=CNC2=C1.N1=CN=CC2=C1C=CC=N2 YCVZMGMZEMTIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPOPAJRDYZGTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=N1 DPOPAJRDYZGTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005018 aryl alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005160 aryl oxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005325 aryloxy aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BTZVACANDIHKJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[g]pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 BTZVACANDIHKJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N binaphthyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnoline Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004407 fluoroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2C=CC=C21 HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxazole Chemical compound C=1C=NOC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052645 tectosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- UZCCMCYUIFRHDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonate triethylazanium Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UZCCMCYUIFRHDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-(1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropent-1-enoxy)pent-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1N KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRFXXWWBAWFSRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrosobutane Chemical compound CCC(C)N=O GRFXXWWBAWFSRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFBALUPVVFCEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 LFBALUPVVFCEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPWTQGYOZFLBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(3,4-diaminophenyl)methyl]benzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 ILPWTQGYOZFLBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBBQDUFLZGOASY-OWOJBTEDSA-N 4-[(e)-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 SBBQDUFLZGOASY-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAEJSGLKJYIYTB-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 4-carboxycinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 HAEJSGLKJYIYTB-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QURGMSIQFRADOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)=C1 QURGMSIQFRADOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMHLSHSAOIJBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(3-carboxyphenyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)=C1 MMHLSHSAOIJBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQEZHWGJSWHXPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 LQEZHWGJSWHXPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101100074846 Caenorhabditis elegans lin-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101100497386 Mus musculus Cask gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001145 Poly(N-vinylacetamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002377 Polythiazyl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910018287 SbF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000001632 acidimetric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052908 analcime Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SQTGBVURPMTXBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SQTGBVURPMTXBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMWDUGHMODRTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F BMWDUGHMODRTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SCJFJWNHJWAJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde N-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)hydroxylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=NO.O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCJFJWNHJWAJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOQOMVWXXWHKGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 ZOQOMVWXXWHKGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001231 benzoyloxy group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGNIIAPVRLMILS-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F VGNIIAPVRLMILS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000522 cyclooctenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteamine Chemical compound NCCS UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NEQVFHFOWYYPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl(3-triphenylphosphaniumylpropyl)azanium;dibromide Chemical compound Br.[Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NEQVFHFOWYYPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)OP(O)=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005980 hexynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001566 impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEDFHMISXKDOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F FEDFHMISXKDOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VAXNCPZUCRECEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F VAXNCPZUCRECEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003151 mercaptamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SQBICXVJCSMSPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid;naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1C(O)=O SQBICXVJCSMSPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052674 natrolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLRKCXQQSUWLCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrosobenzene Chemical compound O=NC1=CC=CC=C1 NLRKCXQQSUWLCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004624 perflexane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZHDEAJFRJCDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorohexanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QZHDEAJFRJCDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002755 poly(epichlorohydrin) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000052 poly(p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003257 polycarbosilane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002721 polycyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000441 polyisocyanide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LVTHXRLARFLXNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F LVTHXRLARFLXNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RSCGQEBKFSGWJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RSCGQEBKFSGWJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GLGXXYFYZWQGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F GLGXXYFYZWQGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052665 sodalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBJDFZSOZNDVDE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QBJDFZSOZNDVDE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WXNIEINRHBIHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WXNIEINRHBIHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0018—Thermally induced processes [TIPS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/18—Polybenzimidazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1044—Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
- H01M8/1048—Ion-conducting additives, e.g. ion-conducting particles, heteropolyacids, metal phosphate or polybenzimidazole with phosphoric acid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. insitu polymerisation or insitu crosslinking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
- H01M8/109—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation thermal other than drying, e.g. sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/30—Cross-linking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/26—Electrical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
Description
A)溶液および/または分散液の形成を伴う、有機ホスホン酸無水物中において、1以上の芳香族および/またはヘテロ芳香族ジアミノカルボン酸を混合するか、あるいは、1以上の芳香族テトラアミノ化合物と、1つのカルボン酸モノマー当たり少なくとも2つの酸基を含む1以上の芳香族カルボン酸またはそれらのエステルとを混合する工程、
B)工程A)に従う混合物を使用して、支持体または電極へ層を適用する工程、
C)ポリアゾールポリマーの形成を伴う、350℃まで、好ましくは280℃までの温度へ、不活性ガス下で、工程B)に従って得られ得るフラット構造体/層(flat structure/layer)を加熱する工程、
D)工程C)において形成される膜を(それが自己支持性になるまで)処理する工程、
を包含する方法によって得られ得る、ポリアゾールに基づくプロトン伝導性高分子膜である。
または式
またはマルチ有機ホスホン酸の無水物(anhydrides of the multiple organic phosphonic acids)、例えば式
[式中、基RおよびR’は、同一または異なり、そしてC1〜C20炭素含有基を示す]
である。
の化合物である。
Arは、同一または異なり、そして四価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar1は、同一または異なり、そして二価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar2は、同一または異なり、そして二価または三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar3は、同一または異なり、そして三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar4は、同一または異なり、そして三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar5は、同一または異なり、そして四価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar6は、同一または異なり、そして二価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar7は、同一または異なり、そして二価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar8は、同一または異なり、そして三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar9は、同一または異なり、そして二価または三価または四価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar10は、同一または異なり、そして二価または三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar11は、同一または異なり、そして二価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Xは、同一または異なり、そして、酸素、硫黄またはアミノ基{これは、更なる基として、水素原子、1〜20の炭素原子を有する基(好ましくは、分枝または非分枝のアルキルまたはアルコキシ基、あるいはアリール基)を保有する}を示し、
Rは、同一または異なり、そして水素、アルキル基および芳香族基を示し、但し、式(XX)におけるRは水素ではなく、そして
n、mは、各々、10以上、好ましくは100以上の整数である]
の繰り返しアゾール単位を含む。
骨格にC−O結合を有するポリマー、例えば、ポリアセタール、ポリオキシメチレン、ポリエーテル、ポリプロピレンオキサイド、ポリエピクロロヒドリン、ポリテトラヒドロフラン、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエステル、特に、ポリヒドロキシ酢酸、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリヒドロキシベンゾエート、ポリヒドロキシプロピオン酸、ポリピバロラクトン(polypivalolacton)、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリマロン酸、ポリカーボネート;
骨格におけるポリマー性C−S結合、例えば、ポリスルフィドエーテル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルスルホン;
骨格におけるポリマー性C−N結合、例えば、ポリイミン、ポリイソシアニド、ポリエーテルイミン、ポリアニリン、ポリアミド、ポリヒドラジド、ポリウレタン、ポリイミド、ポリアゾール、ポリアジン;
液晶性ポリマー(liquid crystalline polymers)、特にVetra、ならびに
無機ポリマー、例えば、ポリシラン、ポリカルボシラン、ポリシロキサン、ポリケイ酸、ポリシリケート、シリコーン(silicons)、ポリホスファゼンおよびポリチアジルが挙げられる。
スルフェート、例えば、
CsHSO4、Fe(SO4)2、(NH4)3H(SO4)2、LiHSO4、NaHSO4、KHSO4、RbSO4、LiN2H5SO4、NH4HSO4;
ホスフェート、例えば、
Zr3(PO4)4、Zr(HPO4)2、HZr2(PO4)3、UO2PO4・3H2O、H8UO2PO4、Ce(HPO4)2、Ti(HPO4)2、KH2PO4、NaH2PO4、LiH2PO4、NH4H2PO4、CsH2PO4、CaHPO4、MgHPO4、HSbP2O8、HSb3P2O14、H5Sb5P2O20;
ポリ酸、例えば、
H3PW12O40・nH2O(n=21〜29)、H3SiW12O40・nH2O(n=21〜29)、HxWO3、HSbWO6、H3PMo12O40、H2Sb4O11、HTaWO6、HNbO3、HTiNbO5、HTiTaO5、HSbTeO6、H5Ti4O9、HSbO3、H2MoO4;
セレン化物およびヒ化物、例えば、
(NH4)3H(SeO4)2、UO2AsO4、(NH4)3H(SeO4)2、KH2AsO4、Cs3H(SeO4)2、Rb3H(SeO4)2;
リン化物、例えば、ZrP、TiP、HfP;
酸化物、例えば、Al2O3、Sb2O5、ThO2、SnO2、ZrO2、MoO3;
シリケート、例えば、ゼオライト、ゼオライト(NH4 +)、フィロシリケート(phyllosilicates)、テクトシリケート(tectosilicates)、H−ソーダ沸石、H−モルデン沸石、NH4−方沸石(NH4-analcines)、NH4−方ソーダ石、NH4−ガレート(NH4-gallates)、H−モンモリロナイト;
酸、例えば、HClO4、SbF5;
充填剤、例えば、炭化物、特にSiC、Si3N4、繊維、特にガラス繊維、ガラス粉末および/またはポリマー繊維(好ましくは、ポリアゾールに基づく)。
トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸カリウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸ナトリウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸リチウム、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸アンモニウム、ペルフルオロヘキサンスルホン酸カリウム、ペルフルオロヘキサンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ペルフルオロヘキサンスルホン酸リチウム、ペルフルオロヘキサンスルホン酸アンモニウム、ペルフルオロヘキサンスルホン酸、ノナフルオロブタンスルホン酸カリウム、ノナフルオロブタンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ノナフルオロブタンスルホン酸リチウム、ノナフルオロブタンスルホン酸アンモニウム、ノナフルオロブタンスルホン酸セシウム、トリエチルアンモニウムペルフルオロヘキサンスルホネート、ペルフルオロスルホンイミドおよびナフィオン(Nafion)。
ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ニトロキサイド、2,2−ジフェニル−1−ピクリニルヒドラジル、フェノール、アルキルフェノール、立体的に込み合ったアルキルフェノール(例えば、Irganox)、芳香族アミン、立体的に込み合ったアミン(例えば、Chimassorb);立体的に込み合ったヒドロキシルアミン、立体的に込み合ったアルキルアミン、立体的に込み合ったヒドロキシルアミン、立体的に込み合ったヒドロキシルアミンエーテル、ホスファイト(例えば、Irgafos)、ニトロソベンゼン、メチル−2−ニトロソプロパン、ベンゾフェノン、ベンズアルデヒド tert−ブチルニトロン、システアミン、メラニン、酸化鉛、酸化マンガン、酸化ニッケル、酸化コバルト。
A)溶液および/または分散液の形成を伴う、有機ホスホン酸無水物中において、1以上の芳香族および/またはヘテロ芳香族ジアミノカルボン酸を混合するか、あるいは、1以上の芳香族テトラアミノ化合物と、1つのカルボン酸モノマー当たり少なくとも2つの酸基を含む1以上の芳香族カルボン酸またはそれらのエステルとを混合する工程、
B)工程A)に従う混合物を使用して、電極へ層を適用する工程、
C)ポリアゾールポリマーの形成を伴う、350℃まで、好ましくは280℃までの温度へ、不活性ガス下で、工程B)に従って得られ得るフラット構造体/層を加熱する工程、
D)工程C)において形成される層を処理する工程、
を包含する方法によって得られ得る、ポリアゾールに基づくプロトン伝導性ポリマーコーティングを有する電極である。
IECについての測定方法
膜の伝導性は、いわゆるイオン交換容量(ion exchange capacity)(IEC)として表される酸基の含有量に大きく依存する。イオン交換容量を測定するために、3cmの直径を有するサンプルを打ち抜き、そして100mlの水で満たしたビーカー中に入れる。放出された酸を0.1MNaOHで滴定する。引き続いて、該サンプルを取り出し、過剰量の水を取り除き、そして該サンプルを160℃で4時間乾燥する。次いで、乾燥重量、m0を、0.1mgの精度で重量測定によって測定する。その後、イオン交換容量を、以下の式によって、第一滴定終点に達するまでの0.1MNaOHの消費量、V1(ml)および乾燥重量、m0(mg)から計算する:
IEC=V1 *300/m0
比伝導率についての測定方法
比伝導率を、定電位モードにおける4極配置でのインピーダンス分光法(impedancy spectroscopy in a 4-pole arrangement in potentiostatic mode)によって、そして白金電極(ワイヤ、直径0.25mm)を使用して、測定する。集電電極間の距離は2cmである。得られるスペクトルを、オーム抵抗およびキャパシタの並列配置からなるシンプルなモデルで評価する。リン酸でドープされた膜のサンプル断面を、該サンプルを搭載する直前に測定する。温度依存性を測定するために、測定セルを、オーブン中において所望の温度までもっていき、そして該サンプルのすぐ隣に配置されたPt−100サーモカップルを使用して調節する。該温度に到達した後、該サンプルを、測定開始前の10分間、この温度で維持する。
Claims (35)
- A)溶液および/または分散液の形成を伴う、有機ホスホン酸無水物中において、1以上の芳香族および/またはヘテロ芳香族ジアミノカルボン酸を混合するか、あるいは、1以上の芳香族テトラアミノ化合物と、1つのカルボン酸モノマー当たり少なくとも2つの酸基を含む1以上の芳香族カルボン酸またはそれらのエステルとを混合する工程、
B)工程A)に従う混合物を使用して、支持体または電極へ層を適用する工程、
C)ポリアゾールポリマーの形成を伴う、350℃までの温度へ、不活性ガス下で、工程B)に従って得られ得るフラット構造体/層を加熱する工程、
D)工程C)において形成される膜を湿気の存在下において処理し、これにより、有機ホスホン酸の形成を伴う部分加水分解によって、存在する該有機ホスホン酸無水物が該膜の固化に寄与する、工程、
を包含する方法によって得られ得る、ポリアゾールに基づくプロトン伝導性高分子膜。 - A)溶液および/または分散液の形成を伴う、有機ホスホン酸無水物及びポリリン酸中に おいて、1以上の芳香族および/またはヘテロ芳香族ジアミノカルボン酸を混合するか、 あるいは、1以上の芳香族テトラアミノ化合物と、1つのカルボン酸モノマー当たり少な くとも2つの酸基を含む1以上の芳香族カルボン酸またはそれらのエステルとを混合する 工程、
B)工程A)に従う混合物を使用して、支持体または電極へ層を適用する工程、
C)ポリアゾールポリマーの形成を伴う、280℃までの温度へ、不活性ガス下で、工程 B)に従って得られ得るフラット構造体/層を加熱する工程、
D)工程C)において形成される膜を湿気の存在下において処理し、これにより、有機ホ スホン酸およびリン酸の形成を伴う部分加水分解によって、存在する該有機ホスホン酸無 水物及びポリリン酸が該膜の固化に寄与する、工程、
を包含する方法によって得られ得る、請求項1に記載の膜。 - 芳香族テトラアミノ化合物として、3,3’,4,4’−テトラアミノビフェニル、2,3,5,6−テトラアミノピリジン、1,2,4,5−テトラアミノベンゼン、3,3’,4,4’−テトラアミノジフェニルスルホン、3,3’,4,4’−テトラアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,3’,4,4’−テトラアミノベンゾフェノン、3,3’,4,4’−テトラアミノジフェニルメタンおよび3,3’,4,4’−テトラアミノジフェニルジメチルメタンが使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記1つのカルボン酸モノマー当たり少なくとも2つの酸基を含む1以上の芳香族カルボ ン酸またはそれらのエステルが、芳香族ジカルボン酸またはそのエステルを含み、
芳香族ジカルボン酸またはそのエステルとして、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、フタル酸、5−ヒドロキシイソフタル酸、4−ヒドロキシイソフタル酸、2−ヒドロキシテレフタル酸、5−アミノイソフタル酸、5−N,N−ジメチルアミノイソフタル酸、5−N,N−ジエチルアミノイソフタル酸、2,5−ジヒドロキシテレフタル酸、2,5−ジヒドロキシイソフタル酸、2,3−ジヒドロキシフタル酸、2,4−ジヒドロキシフタル酸、3,4−ジヒドロキシフタル酸、3−フルオロフタル酸、5−フルオロイソフタル酸、2−フルオロテレフタル酸、テトラフルオロフタル酸、テトラフルオロイソフタル酸、テトラフルオロテレフタル酸、1,4−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、1,5−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、2,6−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、2,7−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、ジフェン酸、1,8−ジヒドロキシナフタレン−3,6−ジカルボン酸、ジフェニルエーテル−4,4’−ジカルボン酸、ベンゾフェノン−4,4’−ジカルボン酸、ジフェニルスルホン−4,4’−ジカルボン酸、ビフェニル−4,4’−ジカルボン酸、4−トリフルオロメチルフタル酸、2,2−ビス(4−カルボキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、4,4’−スチルベンジカルボン酸、4−カルボキシケイ皮酸、あるいはそれらのC1〜C20アルキルエステルまたはC5〜C12アリールエステルあるいはそれらの酸無水物またはそれらの酸塩化物が使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。 - 芳香族カルボン酸またはそのエステルとして、芳香族トリカルボン酸、芳香族テトラカルボン酸、あるいはそれらのC1〜C20アルキルエステルまたはC5〜C12アリールエステルあるいはそれらの酸無水物またはそれらの酸塩化物が使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 芳香族カルボン酸として、芳香族テトラカルボン酸、それらのC1〜20アルキルエステルまたはC5〜C12アリールエステルあるいはそれらの酸無水物またはそれらの酸塩化物が使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 芳香族カルボン酸またはそのエステルとして、ベンゼン−1,2,4,5−テトラカルボ ン酸、ナフタレン−1,4,5,8−テトラカルボン酸、3,5,3’,5’−ビフェニ ルテトラカルボン酸、ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸、3,3’,4,4’−ビフェニ ルテトラカルボン酸、2,2’,3,3’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、1,2,5, 6−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸、1,4,5,8−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸、ある いはそれらのC1〜20アルキルエステルまたはC5〜C12アリールエステルあるいは それらの酸無水物またはそれらの酸塩化物が使用されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記 載の膜。
- 前記1つのカルボン酸モノマー当たり少なくとも2つの酸基を含む1以上の芳香族カルボ ン酸またはそれらのエステルが、
芳香族ジカルボン酸、又は
芳香族ジカルボン酸、並びに芳香族トリカルボン酸及び/若しくは芳香族テトラカルボン 酸、
或いはそれらのエステルを含み、
トリカルボン酸またはテトラカルボン酸の含有量が(使用されるジカルボン酸に基づく)、0〜30モル%であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の膜。 - ヘテロ芳香族カルボン酸として、ヘテロ芳香族ジカルボン酸およびヘテロ芳香族トリカルボン酸およびヘテロ芳香族テトラカルボン酸(これらは、該芳香族基内に、少なくとも1つの窒素、酸素、硫黄またはリン原子を含む)、ならびにそれらのC1〜C20アルキルエステルまたはC5〜C12アリールエステルあるいはそれらの酸無水物またはそれらの酸塩化物が使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- ヘテロ芳香族カルボン酸として、ピリジン−2,5−ジカルボン酸、ピリジン−3,5− ジカルボン酸、ピリジン−2,6−ジカルボン酸、ピリジン−2,4−ジカルボン酸、4 −フェニル−2,5−ピリジンジカルボン酸、3,5−ピラゾールジカルボン酸、2,6 −ピリミジンジカルボン酸、2,5−ピラジンジカルボン酸、2,4,6−ピリジントリ カルボン酸、ベンゾイミダゾール−5,6−ジカルボン酸、ならびにそれらのC1〜C2 0アルキルエステルまたはC5〜C12アリールエステルあるいはそれらの酸無水物また はそれらの酸塩化物が使用されることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の膜。
- 工程A)において、(酸滴定によって)P2O5として計算した場合、少なくとも83%の含有量を有するポリリン酸が、更に使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 工程A)において、P2O5が更に使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項12に記載の膜。
- 工程C)において、一般式(I)および/または(II)および/または(III)および/または(IV)および/または(V)および/または(VI)および/または(VII)および/または(VIII)および/または(IX)および/または(X)および/または(XI)および/または(XII)および/または(XIII)および/または(XIV)および/または(XV)および/または(XVI)および/または(XVI)および/または(XVII)および/または(XVIII)および/または(XIX)および/または(XX)および/または(XXI)および/または(XXII)
Arは、同一または異なり、そして四価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar1は、同一または異なり、そして二価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar2は、同一または異なり、そして二価または三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar3は、同一または異なり、そして三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar4は、同一または異なり、そして三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar5は、同一または異なり、そして四価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar6は、同一または異なり、そして二価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar7は、同一または異なり、そして二価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar8は、同一または異なり、そして三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar9は、同一または異なり、そして二価または三価または四価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar10は、同一または異なり、そして二価または三価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Ar11は、同一または異なり、そして二価の芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族基(これは、単核または多核であり得る)を示し、
Xは、同一または異なり、そして、酸素、硫黄またはアミノ基{これは、更なる基として、水素原子、1〜20の炭素原子を有する基を保有する}を示し、
Rは、同一または異なり、そして水素、アルキル基および芳香族基を示し、但し、式(XX)におけるRは水素ではなく、そして
n、mは、各々、10以上の整数である]
の繰り返しアゾール単位を含むポリアゾールに基づくポリマーが形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。 - 前記Xが、同一または異なり、そして、酸素、硫黄またはアミノ基{これは、更なる基と して、水素原子、分枝または非分枝のアルキルまたはアルコキシ基、あるいはアリール基 を保有する}を示し、且つ
前記n、mが、各々、100以上の整数である、請求項14に記載の膜。 - 工程C)において、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、ポリ(ピリジン)、ポリ(ピリミジン)、ポリイミダゾール、ポリベンゾチアゾール、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、ポリオキサジアゾール、ポリキノキサリン、ポリチアジアゾールおよびポリ(テトラアザピレン)(poly(tetrazapyrenes))からなる群から選択されるポリマーが形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記nおよびmが、各々、100以上の整数である、請求項17に記載の膜。
- 工程A)の間もしくは後および/または工程B)の前に、更なるポリマーが、ブレンド材料として添加されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 工程C)の後および工程D)の前に、粘度が、リン酸および/または有機ホスホン酸の添加によって調節されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 工程D)が、前記処理を経て、自己支持性でありそして損傷無しに前記支持体から分離される膜を得る工程であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 工程D)における膜の処理が、0℃超かつ150℃未満の温度で、湿気または水および/またはスチームの存在下において行われることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 工程D)における膜の処理温度が、10℃〜120℃である、請求項22に記載の膜。
- 工程D)における膜の処理が、10秒〜300時間であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 工程D)における膜の処理時間が、1分〜200時間である、請求項24に記載の膜。
- 工程B)において、電極が前記支持体として選択され、そして工程D)に従う処理が、前記形成される膜がもはや自己支持性ではないようなものであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 工程B)において、20〜4000μmの厚みを有する層が作製されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 工程D)において形成される膜が、15〜3000μmの厚みを有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の膜。
- A)溶液および/または分散液の形成を伴う、有機ホスホン酸無水物中において、1以上の芳香族および/またはヘテロ芳香族ジアミノカルボン酸を混合するか、あるいは、1以上の芳香族テトラアミノ化合物と、1つのカルボン酸モノマー当たり少なくとも2つの酸基を含む1以上の芳香族カルボン酸またはそれらのエステルとを混合する工程、
B)工程A)に従う混合物を使用して、電極へ層を適用する工程、
C)ポリアゾールポリマーの形成を伴う、350℃までの温度へ、不活性ガス下で、工程B)に従って得られ得るフラット構造体/層を加熱する工程、
D)工程C)において形成される層を湿気の存在下において処理し、これにより、有機ホスホン酸の形成を伴う部分加水分解によって、存在する該有機ホスホン酸無水物が該膜の固化(それが自己支持性になるまで)に寄与する、工程、
を包含する方法によって得られ得る、ポリアゾールに基づくプロトン伝導性高分子コーティングを有する電極。 - A)溶液および/または分散液の形成を伴う、有機ホスホン酸無水物及びポリリン酸中に おいて、1以上の芳香族および/またはヘテロ芳香族ジアミノカルボン酸を混合するか、 あるいは、1以上の芳香族テトラアミノ化合物と、1つのカルボン酸モノマー当たり少な くとも2つの酸基を含む1以上の芳香族カルボン酸またはそれらのエステルとを混合する 工程、
B)工程A)に従う混合物を使用して、電極へ層を適用する工程、
C)ポリアゾールポリマーの形成を伴う、280℃までの温度へ、不活性ガス下で、工程 B)に従って得られ得るフラット構造体/層を加熱する工程、
D)工程C)において形成される層を湿気の存在下において処理し、これにより、有機ホ スホン酸およびリン酸の形成を伴う部分加水分解によって、存在する該有機ホスホン酸無 水物及びポリリン酸が該膜の固化(それが自己支持性になるまで)に寄与する、工程、
を包含する方法によって得られ得る、請求項29に記載の電極。 - 前記コーティングが、2〜3000μmの厚みを有する、請求項29に記載の電極。
- 前記コーティングが、5〜1500μmの厚みを有する、請求項31に記載の電極。
- 少なくとも1つの電極および請求項1〜28の1項以上に記載の少なくとも1つの膜を含む、膜電極ユニット。
- 請求項29または請求項31に記載の少なくとも1つの電極および請求項1〜28の1項以上に記載の少なくとも1つの膜を含む、膜電極ユニット。
- 請求項33または請求項34に記載の1以上の膜電極ユニットを含む、燃料電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10361833.3 | 2003-12-30 | ||
DE10361833A DE10361833A1 (de) | 2003-12-30 | 2003-12-30 | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
PCT/EP2004/014831 WO2005063852A1 (de) | 2003-12-30 | 2004-12-30 | Protonenleitende membran und deren verwendung |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012270136A Division JP5572203B2 (ja) | 2003-12-30 | 2012-12-11 | プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007519183A JP2007519183A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
JP5215562B2 true JP5215562B2 (ja) | 2013-06-19 |
Family
ID=34716276
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006546107A Expired - Fee Related JP5215562B2 (ja) | 2003-12-30 | 2004-12-30 | プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用 |
JP2012270136A Expired - Fee Related JP5572203B2 (ja) | 2003-12-30 | 2012-12-11 | プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012270136A Expired - Fee Related JP5572203B2 (ja) | 2003-12-30 | 2012-12-11 | プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8765905B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1706442B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5215562B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101035836B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE469184T1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE10361833A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2345554T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005063852A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10361932A1 (de) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-28 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
DE10361832A1 (de) | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-28 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
DE10361833A1 (de) | 2003-12-30 | 2005-08-04 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
JP4435745B2 (ja) | 2005-03-23 | 2010-03-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 燃料電池用電解質、膜電極接合体、および燃料電池用電解質の製造方法 |
JP4435746B2 (ja) | 2005-03-23 | 2010-03-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 燃料電池用電解質、膜電極接合体、および燃料電池用電解質の製造方法 |
US8945736B2 (en) | 2005-09-10 | 2015-02-03 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Method for conditioning membrane-electrode-units for fuel cells |
DE102005043127A1 (de) * | 2005-09-10 | 2007-03-15 | Pemeas Gmbh | Verfahren zur Konditionierung von Membran-Elektroden-Einheiten für Brennstoffzellen |
JP4435747B2 (ja) | 2006-02-24 | 2010-03-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 燃料電池用電解質、膜電極接合体、および燃料電池用電解質の製造方法 |
DE102009001141A1 (de) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-06 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Polymerelektrolytmembran |
US9096725B2 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2015-08-04 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Cross-linked polyazole, method of preparing the polyazole, electrode for fuel cell including the cross-linked polyazole, electrolyte membrane for fuel cell including the cross-linked polyazole, method of manufacturing the electrolyte membrane, and fuel cell including the cross-linked polyazole |
US9051433B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2015-06-09 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Polymer and cross-linked polymer composition, electrode and electrolyte membrane including cross-linked polymer, and fuel cell including electrode and electrolyte membrane |
US9112232B2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2015-08-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Composition, polymer thereof, electrode and electrolyte membrane for fuel cell, and fuel cell including the same |
KR101670966B1 (ko) | 2010-02-09 | 2016-11-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 하이퍼브랜치 폴리머, 이를 포함한 연료전지용 전극과 전해질막 및 이를 채용한 연료전지 |
JP5728252B2 (ja) | 2010-03-03 | 2015-06-03 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 組成物並びにその製造方法、該組成物を利用した電極及び該電極を採用した燃料電池 |
CN102299351B (zh) * | 2010-06-25 | 2014-01-15 | 大连融科储能技术发展有限公司 | 聚苯并咪唑类聚合物离子交换膜及其制备和应用 |
CN102299353B (zh) * | 2010-06-25 | 2013-10-23 | 大连融科储能技术发展有限公司 | 有机无机复合膜在酸性电解液液流储能电池中的应用 |
US9325025B2 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2016-04-26 | Basf Se | Membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells with long lifetime |
CN102623734B (zh) * | 2012-04-16 | 2014-10-15 | 上海锦众信息科技有限公司 | 一种燃料电池用高性能复合质子交换膜的制备方法 |
WO2013167950A1 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2013-11-14 | Basf Se | Improved membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells with long lifetime |
US9130208B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2015-09-08 | Basf Se | Membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells with long lifetime |
CN103236557B (zh) * | 2013-04-15 | 2015-04-08 | 东华大学 | 一种质子交换膜及其制备方法 |
CN106967217A (zh) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-21 | 华南理工大学 | 聚咪唑类化合物及其原位制备方法和应用 |
US9694357B1 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-07-04 | Nissan North America, Inc. | Multi-acid polymers and methods of making the same |
US10468701B2 (en) | 2016-03-23 | 2019-11-05 | Nissan North America, Inc. | Multi-acid polymers from multifunctional amino acids and sulfonyl halide precursors and methods of making the same |
US9861977B2 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2018-01-09 | Nissan North America, Inc. | Multi-acid polymers and methods of making the same |
US10153505B2 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2018-12-11 | Nissan North America, Inc. | Multi-acid polymers from multifunctional amino acids and sulfonyl halide precursors and methods of making the same |
CN112259769A (zh) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-22 | 上海四羿科技有限公司 | 自具微孔聚苯并咪唑质子交换膜及制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3350478A (en) * | 1962-10-11 | 1967-10-31 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Monoesters of phosphonic acids |
US6319497B1 (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2001-11-20 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Non-obligate predatory bacterium burkholderia casidaeand uses thereof |
JP2000038472A (ja) * | 1998-05-20 | 2000-02-08 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 高分子固体電解質 |
JP2002146013A (ja) * | 2000-11-15 | 2002-05-22 | Toyobo Co Ltd | イオン伝導性ホスホン酸含有ポリアゾール |
DE10117687A1 (de) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-17 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
DE10117686A1 (de) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-24 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
DE10144815A1 (de) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-27 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
JP2005519428A (ja) * | 2002-03-06 | 2005-06-30 | ペメアス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 低減されたメタノール透過性を有するプロトン伝導性電解質膜、および燃料電池におけるその使用 |
DE10210500A1 (de) | 2002-03-11 | 2003-10-09 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Lösung aus Vinylphosphonsäure und Vinylsulfonsäure, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Polymerelektrolytmembran aus Polyvinylphosphonsäure und Polyvinylsulfonsäure und deren Anwendung in Brennstoffzellen |
EP1518282B1 (de) | 2002-04-25 | 2010-09-08 | BASF Fuel Cell GmbH | Mehrschichtige elektrolytmembran |
JP4549007B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-08 | 2010-09-22 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | 酸性基含有ポリベンズイミダゾール系化合物と酸性化合物を含有する組成物、イオン伝導膜、接着剤、複合体、燃料電池 |
DE10220817A1 (de) | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-27 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gepfropften Polymerelektrolytmembran und deren Anwendung in Brennstoffzellen |
DE10235357A1 (de) | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-12 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Polymermembran umfassend Phosphonsäure- und Sulfonsäuregruppen enthaltende Polymere und deren Anwendung in Brennstoffzellen |
DE10235358A1 (de) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-12 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Polymermembran umfassend Phosphonsäuregruppen enthaltende Polymere und deren Anwendung in Brennstoffzellen |
DE10242708A1 (de) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-05-19 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membranen und deren Verwendung |
DE10361833A1 (de) | 2003-12-30 | 2005-08-04 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
DE10361832A1 (de) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-28 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
DE10361932A1 (de) | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-28 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Protonenleitende Membran und deren Verwendung |
-
2003
- 2003-12-30 DE DE10361833A patent/DE10361833A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-12-30 AT AT04804416T patent/ATE469184T1/de active
- 2004-12-30 JP JP2006546107A patent/JP5215562B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-30 CN CN200480042201.2A patent/CN101035836B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-30 WO PCT/EP2004/014831 patent/WO2005063852A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-12-30 EP EP04804416A patent/EP1706442B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-12-30 ES ES04804416T patent/ES2345554T3/es active Active
- 2004-12-30 DE DE502004011221T patent/DE502004011221D1/de active Active
- 2004-12-30 US US10/584,957 patent/US8765905B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-12-11 JP JP2012270136A patent/JP5572203B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8765905B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
DE502004011221D1 (de) | 2010-07-08 |
EP1706442B1 (de) | 2010-05-26 |
US20110318671A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
CN101035836A (zh) | 2007-09-12 |
JP2013079388A (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
CN101035836B (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
JP5572203B2 (ja) | 2014-08-13 |
JP2007519183A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
EP1706442A1 (de) | 2006-10-04 |
DE10361833A1 (de) | 2005-08-04 |
WO2005063852A1 (de) | 2005-07-14 |
ATE469184T1 (de) | 2010-06-15 |
ES2345554T3 (es) | 2010-09-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5572203B2 (ja) | プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用 | |
KR100997003B1 (ko) | 폴리아졸 블렌드를 함유하는 양성자 전도성 고분자막과연료 전지에서 이들의 사용방법 | |
JP5468051B2 (ja) | プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用 | |
JP5425143B2 (ja) | プロトン伝導性膜およびその使用 | |
JP4450734B2 (ja) | ホスホン酸基含有ポリアゾールを含むプロトン伝導性高分子膜及び燃料電池におけるその使用。 | |
US7745030B2 (en) | Proton-conducting polymer membrane comprising sulfonic acid-containing polyazoles, and use thereof in fuel cells | |
US7661542B2 (en) | Proton-conducting polymer membrane that contains polyazoles and is coated with a catalyst layer, and application therof in fuel cells | |
KR20050043802A (ko) | 양성자-전도성 막 및 이의 용도 | |
US8822091B2 (en) | Proton-conducting membrane and use thereof | |
US20070055045A1 (en) | Proton-conducting polymer membrane containing polymers with sulfonic acid groups that are covalently bonded to aromatic groups, membrane electrode unit, and use thereof in fuel cells |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20071005 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110614 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20110914 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20110922 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20111209 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20111209 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120911 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20121211 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20121211 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130205 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130301 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20160308 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |